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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a pulmonary disorder that often occurs in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF) and is characterized by a hypersensitivity response to the allergens of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus . In patients with CF, growth of A. fumigatus hyphae within the bronchial lumen triggers an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity response that results in airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and bronchiectasis. In most published studies, the prevalence of ABPA is about 8.9% in patients with CF. Since the clinical features of this condition overlap significantly with that of CF, ABPA is challenging to diagnose and remains underdiagnosed in many patients. Diagnosis of ABPA in CF patients should be sought in those with evidence of clinical and radiologic deterioration that is not attributable to another etiology, a markedly elevated total serum IgE level (while off steroid therapy) and evidence of A. fumigatus sensitization. Management of ABPA involves the use of systemic steroids to reduce inflammation and modulate the immune response. In patients who do not respond to steroids or cannot tolerate them, antifungal agents should be used to reduce the burden of A. fumigatus allergens. Recent studies suggest that omalizumab may be an effective option to reduce the frequency of ABPA exacerbations in patients with CF. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to better establish the efficacy of omalizumab in managing patients with CF and ABPA.

In the present study , every module M is unitary and every ring F is commutative with identity. We gave a definition of a new class F − module which is namely S-pseudo bounded module symbolically (S-PS.B. F − module) and introduced some different approaches to attach this class with other types of well-known modules such that monoform module, quasi-Dedekind module, compressible module and retractable module. The main purpose of this article is to present a few new conditions for some corollaries and properties. The F − homomorphism of monoform and compressible modules connect in a useful way with an endomorphism of a F − module M that we relied on it in the definition of S-pseudo bounded module. We used the symbol End ( M ) which means the set of all endomorphism maps of F − module M . Also S-pseudo bounded module gave us directly or with some conditions different modules such as retractable module, an injective module and others.

Cystic artery stump pseudoaneurysm (CASP) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be related to multiple etiologies, especially the iatrogenic factor owing to the increased number of hepatobiliary procedures. Most patients present with haemobilia. Here we report a successfully managed case of CASP that initially complained of right upper abdominal pain. A 38-year-old patient developed bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) which was identified by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Later, she developed haemobilia due to CASP which was then treated by trans-arterial embolization (TAE). CASP is a rare complication of post-LC, yet potentially life-threatening, with possible delayed complications occurring months to years after the surgery. Clinicians and radiologists should be aware of this important entity and its variable manifestations to facilitate early treatment.

In the present study , every module M is unitary and every ring F is commutative with identity. We gave a definition of a new class F − module which is namely S-pseudo bounded module symbolically (S-PS.B. F − module) and introduced some different approaches to attach this class with other types of well-known modules such that monoform module, quasi-Dedekind module, compressible module and retractable module. The main purpose of this article is to present a few new conditions for some corollaries and properties. The F − homomorphism of monoform and compressible modules connect in a useful way with an endomorphism of a F − module M that we relied on it in the definition of S-pseudo bounded module. We used the symbol End ( M ) which means the set of all endomorphism maps of F − module M . Also S-pseudo bounded module gave us directly or with some conditions different modules such as retractable module, an injective module and others.

In this paper, every module M is unitary and every ring F is commutative with identity. Some properties of S-Pseudo bounded radical are studied. A proper submodule ℵ of an F − module M is said to be S-pseudo bounded submodule if there exists , φ ∈ End ( M ) , x ∈ M such that φ ( x ) ∈ ℵ implies ann F ( ℵ ) = ann F φ ( x ) making use of endomorphism map over an F − module . The characterization of S-Pseudo bounded radical for finitely generated and multiplication module is given. It must be emphasized that scalar module and prime submodule played a major role in achieving new results and to study the relationship between the radical of submodules and the radical of S-pseudo bounded submodule. In our work many properties and corollaries will be proved which explain the idea of the radical of S-pseudo bounded submodule and a new class of F − module as well as F − submodule provided with some examples that illustrate and clarify in a nice way this type of module (submodule). We used the symbol End ( M ) which means the set of all endomorphism maps of F − module M and S − rad M PS . B . ( ℵ ) refers to the intersection of all S-pseudo bounded submodules of M containing ℵ .

In this paper, every module M is unitary and every ring F is commutative with identity. Some properties of S-Pseudo bounded radical are studied. A proper submodule ℵ of an F − module M is said to be S-pseudo bounded submodule if there exists , φ ∈ End ( M ) , x ∈ M such that φ ( x ) ∈ ℵ implies ann F ( ℵ ) = ann F φ ( x ) making use of endomorphism map over an F − module . The characterization of S-Pseudo bounded radical for finitely generated and multiplication module is given. It must be emphasized that scalar module and prime submodule played a major role in achieving new results and to study the relationship between the radical of submodules and the radical of S-pseudo bounded submodule. In our work many properties and corollaries will be proved which explain the idea of the radical of S-pseudo bounded submodule and a new class of F − module as well as F − submodule provided with some examples that illustrate and clarify in a nice way this type of module (submodule). We used the symbol End ( M ) which means the set of all endomorphism maps of F − module M and S − rad M PS . B . ( ℵ ) refers to the intersection of all S-pseudo bounded submodules of M containing ℵ .

In the present study , every module M is unitary and every ring F is commutative with identity. We gave a definition of a new class F − module which is namely S-pseudo bounded module symbolically (S-PS.B. F − module) and introduced some different approaches to attach this class with other types of well-known modules such that monoform module, quasi-Dedekind module, compressible module and retractable module. The main purpose of this article is to present a few new conditions for some corollaries and properties. The F − homomorphism of monoform and compressible modules connect in a useful way with an endomorphism of a F − module M that we relied on it in the definition of S-pseudo bounded module. We used the symbol End ( M ) which means the set of all endomorphism maps of F − module M . Also S-pseudo bounded module gave us directly or with some conditions different modules such as retractable module, an injective module and others.

Background/purpose. This study examines the behavioral factors influencing the adoption of AI-powered generative technologies in higher education and their impact on students’ cognitive engagement—a crucial element of sustainable, inclusive, and high-quality learning, as envisioned by UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4). The study combines Bloom’s Taxonomy hierarchical structure with the expanded Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) framework. Materials/methods. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to analyze data collected from a sample of 731 university students, aiming to identify the key determinants of GenAI adoption and to assess its subsequent effects across six distinct cognitive domains. Results. The SEM analysis reveals that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation have a significant influence on AI adoption, underscoring the importance of usefulness, support, and enjoyment in promoting student engagement. The study demonstrates that the adoption of GenAI significantly predicts student engagement, which in turn acts as a critical mediator in enhancing mid-level cognitive performance by improving understanding, application and analysis abilities. In contrast, marginal impacts were found in evaluation and creation domains while remembering did not demonstrate any significant effect. Conclusion. The study provides evidence-based insights for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers seeking to leverage GenAI as part of equitable, student-centered, and cognitively enriching AI-enabled learning environments.