Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
20,111
result(s) for
"America"
Sort by:
Receptor-like kinase SOBIR1/EVR interacts with receptor-like proteins in plant immunity against fungal infection
The plant immune system is activated by microbial patterns that are detected as nonself molecules. Such patterns are recognized by immune receptors that are cytoplasmic or localized at the plasma membrane. Cell surface receptors are represented by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) that frequently contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats and an intracellular kinase domain for activation of downstream signaling, as well as receptor-like proteins (RLPs) that lack this signaling domain. It is therefore hypothesized that RLKs are required for RLPs to activate downstream signaling. The RLPs Cf-4 and Ve1 of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mediate resistance to the fungal pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Verticillium dahliae , respectively. Despite their importance, the mechanism by which these immune receptors mediate downstream signaling upon recognition of their matching ligand, Avr4 and Ave1, remained enigmatic. Here we show that the tomato ortholog of the Arabidopsis thaliana RLK Suppressor Of BIR1-1/Evershed (SOBIR1/EVR) and its close homolog S. lycopersicum (Sl)SOBIR1-like interact in planta with both Cf-4 and Ve1 and are required for the Cf-4– and Ve1-mediated hypersensitive response and immunity. Tomato SOBIR1/EVR interacts with most of the tested RLPs, but not with the RLKs FLS2, SERK1, SERK3a, BAK1, and CLV1. SOBIR1/EVR is required for stability of the Cf-4 and Ve1 receptors, supporting our observation that these RLPs are present in a complex with SOBIR1/EVR in planta . We show that SOBIR1/EVR is essential for RLP-mediated immunity and propose that the protein functions as a regulatory RLK of this type of cell-surface receptors.
Journal Article
Into the silence : the fishing story : a novel
\"As a child Natalia goes fishing with her father, Walker, but spends more time humming songs than catching fish. When Walker comes upon Natalia sitting beside a stream, he hears her singing and asks what the music is. Natalia tells him that it's the music she hears in her dreams, music she wants to write and perform. So begins into the silence: the fishing story, America Hart's genre-bending, time-warping debut novel. Natalia does become an accomplished musician, but even with her father's encouragement, she struggles with her family-especially her younger sister Nadine-to be understood. She sets off on her own, dropping out of school and following Dan, a ballet dancer, to his new job in a new city. There, too, she encounters obstacles to her creative vision. Throughout her journey, Natalia and her father are visited by apparitions of Walker's mother, America, and his grandmother, Anastasia. Their stories are told through diaries found by Natalia and Nadine; reading them, the two sisters make surprising discoveries about their family's history. With echoes of Woolf and Burroughs, employing structures found more commonly in art music, into the silence weaves together voices and motives, past and present, into a haunting, polyphonic song of striking and original beauty\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Dual disease resistance mediated by the immune receptor Cf-2 in tomato requires a common virulence target of a fungus and a nematode
Plants lack the seemingly unlimited receptor diversity of a somatic adaptive immune system as found in vertebrates and rely on only a relatively small set of innate immune receptors to resist a myriad of pathogens. Here, we show that disease-resistant tomato plants use an efficient mechanism to leverage the limited nonself recognition capacity of their innate immune system. We found that the extracellular plant immune receptor protein Cf-2 of the red currant tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) has acquired dual resistance specificity by sensing perturbations in a common virulence target of two independently evolved effectors of a fungus and a nematode. The Cf-2 protein, originally identified as a monospecific immune receptor for the leaf mold fungus Cladosporium fulvum , also mediates disease resistance to the root parasitic nematode Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1-Mierenbos. The Cf-2–mediated dual resistance is triggered by effector-induced perturbations of the apoplastic Rcr3 ᵖⁱᵐ protein of S. pimpinellifolium . Binding of the venom allergen-like effector protein Gr-VAP1 of G. rostochiensis to Rcr3 ᵖⁱᵐ perturbs the active site of this papain-like cysteine protease. In the absence of the Cf-2 receptor, Rcr3 ᵖⁱᵐ increases the susceptibility of tomato plants to G. rostochiensis , thus showing its role as a virulence target of these nematodes. Furthermore, both nematode infection and transient expression of Gr-VAP1 in tomato plants harboring Cf-2 and Rcr3 ᵖⁱᵐ trigger a defense-related programmed cell death in plant cells. Our data demonstrate that monitoring host proteins targeted by multiple pathogens broadens the spectrum of disease resistances mediated by single plant immune receptors.
Journal Article
Mass spectrometry of in-gel digests reveals differences in amino acid sequences of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in spelt and emmer compared to common wheat
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) play an important role for the baking quality of wheat. The ancient wheats emmer and spelt differ in their HMW-GS pattern compared to modern common wheat and this might be one reason for their comparatively poor baking quality. The aim of this study was to elucidate similarities and differences in the amino acid sequences of two 1Bx HMW-GS of common wheat, spelt and emmer. First, the sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) system was optimized to separate common wheat, spelt and emmer Bx6 and Bx7 from other HMW-GS (e.g., 1Ax and 1By) in high concentrations. The in-gel digests of the Bx6 and Bx7 bands were analyzed by untargeted LC-MS/MS experiments revealing different UniProtKB accessions in spelt and emmer compared to common wheat. The HMW-GS Bx6 and Bx7, respectively, of emmer and spelt showed differences in the amino acid sequences compared to those of common wheat. The identities of the peptide variations were confirmed by targeted LC-MS/MS. These peptides can be used to differentiate between Bx6 and Bx7 of spelt and emmer and Bx6 and Bx7 of common wheat. The findings should help to increase the reliability and curation status of wheat protein databases and to understand the effects of protein structure on the functional properties.
Journal Article
The mRNA-binding proteome of a critical phase transition during Arabidopsis seed germination
• Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination is marked by extensive translational control at two critical phase transitions. The first transition refers to the start of hydration, the hydration translational shift. The second shift, the germination translational shift (GTS) is the phase between testa rupture and radicle protrusion at which the seed makes the all or nothing decision to germinate.
• The mechanism behind the translational regulation at these phase transitions is unknown. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are versatile players in the post-transcriptional control of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and as such candidates for regulating translation during seed germination.
• Here, we report the mRNA binding protein repertoire of seeds during the GTS. Thirty seed specific RBPs and 22 dynamic RBPs were identified during the GTS, like the putative RBP Vacuolar ATPase subunit A and RBP HSP101. Several stress granule markers were identified in this study, which suggests that seeds are prepared to quickly adapt the translation of specific mRNAs in response to changes in environmental conditions during the GTS.
• Taken together this study provides a detailed insight into the world of RBPs during seed germination and their possible regulatory role during this developmentally regulated process.
Journal Article
Flora of North America : north of Mexico
FNA presents for the first time, in one published reference source, information on the names, taxonomic relationships, continent-wide distributions, and morphological characteristics of all plants native and naturalized found in North America north of Mexico.
Book
Discovery of two novel laccase-like multicopper oxidases from Pleurotus citrinopileatus and their application in phenolic oligomer synthesis
Background Laccases and laccase-like multicopper oxidases (LMCOs) oxidize a vast array of phenolic compounds and amines, releasing water as a byproduct. Their low substrate specificity is responsible for their tremendous biotechnological interest, since they have been used for numerous applications. However, the laccases characterized so far correspond to only a small fraction of the laccase genes identified in fungal genomes. Therefore, the knowledge regarding the biochemistry and physiological role of minor laccase-like isoforms is still limited. Results In the present work, we describe the isolation, purification and characterization of two novel LMCOs, PcLac1 and PcLac2, from Pleurotus citrinopileatus. Both LMCOs were purified with ion-exchange chromatographic methods. PcLac2 was found to oxidize a broader substrate range than PcLac1, but both LMCOs showed similar formal potentials, lower than those reported previously for laccases from white-rot fungi. Proteomic analysis of both proteins revealed their similarity with other well-characterized laccases from Pleurotus strains. Both LMCOs were applied to the oxidation of ferulic and sinapic acid, yielding oligomers with possible antioxidant activity. Conclusions Overall, the findings of the present work can offer new insights regarding the biochemistry and variability of low-redox potential laccases of fungal origin. Low-redox potential biocatalysts could offer higher substrate selectivity than their high-redox counterparts, and thus, they could be of applied value in the field of biocatalysis.
Journal Article