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Ain Sokhna in Egypt has undergone profound anthropogenic geomorphological shifts, driven by the establishment of the Sokhna port, tourist resorts, industrial facilities, and transportation routes. These alterations, closely linked to the region's strategic importance since the early 2000s, have essentially turned it into a hub for various industries. The construction of the Sokhna port caught the attention of various sectors, leading to the development of infrastructure and the transformation of the area into an attractive destination for tourism. Despite their human origin, these features are intricately connected to natural processes like erosion and sedimentation, causing noticeable changes in the morphology of the study area. While these human-induced activities have altered Ain Sokhna's coastal landscape, they have also yielded economic advantages, job opportunities, and infrastructural advancements. Striking a balance between development and environmental sustainability remains a formidable challenge for policymakers and local communities in the region, to address this challenge, it is imperative to conduct thorough studies, maintain ongoing monitoring efforts, and adopt sustainable coastal management practices. These measures are crucial to minimizing the adverse impacts of human activities and ensuring the long-term ecological health of Ain Sokhna.

Meandering in alluvial rivers is a dynamic changing feature that depends on several factors affecting this change, these factors are divided into hydrological factors: such as the volume of river discharge, its velocity of flow and Annual sediment load. and its morphological characteristics: such as the number of meanders, their lengths, Radius of curvature, Sinuosity and average width of the river channel. The morphology of the meanders in the study area is primarily affected by the construction of the Aswan High Dam, which affected the hydrological and morphological characteristics of the Nile River in Egypt in general, the effectiveness of this effect increases as we head towards the estuary, where the volume of the river's discharge, its velocity and its ability to erosion decreases The current study was concerned and tends to meander. with studying the factors affecting the meandering of the southern sector of the Damietta branch from Qanatir al- Khairia to Benha, where two forms of meanders migration can be identified: Advanced rotation meanders and Lateral extension meanders.

The floor of Wadi An-Natrun Depression has a high level of salinity and occupies by a shallow salt lakes, which are characteristic geomorphologic landforms. In general, Wadi An-Natrun Depression is characterized by very arid climate. The geological formations of Wadi An-Natrun Depression range from lower Miocene, lower Pliocene and Quaternary deposits. This study attempts to determine the effectiveness of using remote sensing indicators in deducing sabkhas in the Wadi El-Natrun depression utilizing Landsat 8 OLI satellite images based on field data of laboratory analyzes of sabkhas soil samples collected through the field study. To achieve this, linear and multiple regression models were applied between soil salinity and electrical conductivity (ECe) on the one hand and remote sensing indices on the other hand, where the NDSI index had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.872. This was followed by the derivation of the Enhanced soil salinity index from (NIR), (SWIR) 2 and the NDVI index, which had higher correlation than NDSI with electrical conductivity (ECe) of 0.918.

Specific compounds extracted from plants can control insect pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of deodar oil (phytopesticide) to adult mealworms Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) compared with carbosulfan (synthetic insecticide), which exibits cholinesterase (ChE), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities. The insecticides were applied through feeding, and the LC50 (lethal concentration) was calculated using the Finney method. The LC50 of deodar oil was higher than that of carbosulfan. The doses of both deodar oil and carbosulfan inhibited the ChE activity (p > 0.05) and enhanced the GPT and GOT activities (p < 0.05) in mealworm adults. Alterations in the activity of these biomarkers indicated that deodar oil could effectively control adult mealworms, being an environmentally low-impact method that can replace the use of chemical products.

Specific compounds extracted from plants can control insect pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of deodar oil (phytopesticide) to adult mealworms Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) compared with carbosulfan (synthetic insecticide), which exibits cholinesterase (ChE), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities. The insecticides were applied through feeding, and the L[C.sub.50] (lethal concentration) was calculated using the Finney method. The L[C.sub.50] of deodar oil was higher than that of carbosulfan. The doses of both deodar oil and carbosulfan inhibited the ChE activity (p > 0.05) and enhanced the GPT and GOT activities (p < 0.05) in mealworm adults. Alterations in the activity of these biomarkers indicated that deodar oil could effectively control adult mealworms, being an environmentally low-impact method that can replace the use of chemical products.