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Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) remains a standard component in the management of breast cancer; however, it may have lasting impacts on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aimed to assess HRQOL and identify its demographic and clinical correlates among breast cancer survivors who underwent ALND. This cross-sectional study was conducted among breast cancer survivors post-ALND at a tertiary oncology center in Alexandria, Egypt. HRQOL was measured using the Arabic FACT-B (version 4.0), and the associated factors were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). A total of 150 breast cancer survivors completed the FACT-B questionnaire, with a mean HRQOL score of 88.92 ± 18.01. Of the participants, 18.7% had poor, 64.0% had moderate, and 17.3% had good HRQOL. MANOVA showed that the type of surgery, BMI, HER2 status, lymph node involvement, and tumor stage were significantly associated with HRQOL ( p  < 0.05). Between-subject analyses and post hoc comparisons confirmed significant group differences across the FACT-B subscales. Overweight or obese participants had poorer Physical, Emotional, and Functional Well-Being. Mastectomy, HER2-positive status, and Stage III disease were associated with lower HRQOL across multiple domains, while lymph node involvement impacted the Physical Well-Being subscale only. Integrating routine HRQOL assessment into survivorship care is essential for identifying individuals at a higher risk of poor outcomes. Tailored follow-up strategies and supportive interventions for these subgroups can enhance the long-term well-being and improve the overall post-treatment quality of life of breast cancer survivors.

Objective. To assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of dental faculty regarding research ethics and research ethics committees (RECs). Design. Through convenience sampling, we distributed a survey to academics at dental faculties at two universities in the Middle East. We used descriptive, chi-square, and logistic regression statistics to analyze the data. Results. Our response rate was 62.5%. A large majority (>90%) held positive attitudes towards RECs; however, almost half (44.0%) thought that RECs would delay research. Less than half (36.8%) had received prior training in research ethics, and the average score they achieved on the questions on research ethics was only 40.2%. Most (>90%), however, were favorable towards research ethics education. Finally, some faculty held attitudes regarding certain research ethics practices that were not optimal. Conclusions. We conclude that among the dental faculties participating in our study, there is broad-based acceptance of RECs and training in research ethics, while there are knowledge gaps in research ethics. We recommend further studies to determine the generalizability of our findings to other institutions.

Background Vital pulp therapy, based on the use of stem cells, has promising research and therapeutic applications in dentistry. It is essential to understand the direct effect of capping materials on the dental pulp stem cells of primary teeth, which contribute to the healing powers of the tooth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different capping materials (Calcium Hydroxide (DyCal®) – Glass Ionomer (Fuji IX®) and light-cured resin modified calcium silicate (TheraCal LC®)) on the viability, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Methods SHEDs were isolated from extracted primary teeth, then divided into four groups and each of the capping materials were applied to the stem cells as follows: group I the controls, group II with Ca(OH)2, group III with the GIC, and group IV with the Theracal LC. For all groups assessment of viability and proliferation rate was done using the MTT cell proliferation assay. Also, Differentiation was evaluated by measuring the gene expression of Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (ALP) and Dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) through quantitative real-time PCR. Morphological assessment was conducted using Alizarin Red S staining. All evaluations were performed after 7 and 14 days of culture. Results TheraCal LC showed the highest values of proliferation, which was significant only compared to the control group after 2 weeks ( p  = 0.012). After one week, TheraCal LC showed the highest significant values of ALP and DMP1 compared to all other groups ( p  < 0.001). Conclusion The three materials under study are biocompatible, maintain viability, and stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of SHEDs. However, TheraCal LC allows better proliferation of SHEDs than Dycal Ca(OH)2 and Fuji IX GIC.

Egypt has the highest hepatitis C virus prevalence worldwide where about 24% of the people are estimated to carry HCV and more than 50% of blood donors have anti-HCV in some towns. The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma has been increasing in Egypt with a doubling in the incidence rate in the past 10 years. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the interleukin-18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a diagnostic tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. This study included 33 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicating HCV-related cirrhosis patients, 37 cirrhotic patients without HCC (cirrhosis group), and 20 healthy individuals who were included as a control for 9 months of follow-up. SNPs of the IL-18 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. There was a statistically significant difference in the GG genotype in the HCC group in comparison with the control group (P = 0.04). There was a statistically significant difference in the G allele in the cirrhosis and HCC groups in comparison with the control group (p1 < 0.001 and p2 = 0.03, respectively). Patients with GC genotype have a risk for developing HCC by 6.33-folds more than those with GG genotype while patients with GC genotype have a risk for developing cirrhosis by 5.43-folds more than those with GG genotype, and cirrhotic patients with CC and GC genotype had a risk for developing HCC by 1.17-folds more than those with GG genotype. Our findings revealed that the analysis of IL-18 single nucleotide gene polymorphism could be a valuable marker for the prediction of progress towards cirrhosis in chronic HCV patients and also to subsequent development of HCC in HCV cirrhotic patients proved by the results of both GG genotype and its G allele; also, cirrhotic patients with CC and GC genotype have a risk for developing HCC by 1.17-folds more than those with GG genotype.

Vital pulp therapy, based on the use of stem cells, has promising research and therapeutic applications in dentistry. It is essential to understand the direct effect of capping materials on the dental pulp stem cells of primary teeth, which contribute to the healing powers of the tooth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different capping materials (Calcium Hydroxide (DyCal[R]) - Glass Ionomer (Fuji IX[R]) and light-cured resin modified calcium silicate (TheraCal LC[R])) on the viability, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). SHEDs were isolated from extracted primary teeth, then divided into four groups and each of the capping materials were applied to the stem cells as follows: group I the controls, group II with Ca(OH)2, group III with the GIC, and group IV with the Theracal LC. For all groups assessment of viability and proliferation rate was done using the MTT cell proliferation assay. Also, Differentiation was evaluated by measuring the gene expression of Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (ALP) and Dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) through quantitative real-time PCR. Morphological assessment was conducted using Alizarin Red S staining. All evaluations were performed after 7 and 14 days of culture. TheraCal LC showed the highest values of proliferation, which was significant only compared to the control group after 2 weeks (p = 0.012). After one week, TheraCal LC showed the highest significant values of ALP and DMP1 compared to all other groups (p < 0.001). The three materials under study are biocompatible, maintain viability, and stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of SHEDs. However, TheraCal LC allows better proliferation of SHEDs than Dycal Ca(OH)2 and Fuji IX GIC.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the (conventional resin-based, Moisture tolerant resin-based and glass ionomer sealants) regarding their retention and caries prevention through 12 months of follow up. Design. The study was single blinded randomized clinical trial consisted of 75 first permanent molars divided into three equal groups. Group (I) (Clinpro), Group (II) (Fuji triage) and Group (III) (Embrace wetbond). The sealants were randomly applicated to erupted, first permanent molars in cooperative children aged between 6 and 9 years of age. Evaluation was done at 6- and 12-month intervals. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal-wallis test followed by multiple pairwise comparisons utilizing MannWhitney U test with Bonferroni correction for intergroup comparisons. Results. At 12- month, complete retention was seen in 56.5% of conventional sealant, 72.7% of moisture-tolerant sealant, and 22.7% of glass ionomer sealant.Caries was seen in 1 tooth (4.3%) of the conventional and moisture tolerant groups and 2 teeth (9.1%) in the glass ionomer group. There was no statistical significance difference between the conventional and the moisture tolerant sealants in retention and caries prevention after 12 month follow up. Conclusion. The moisture-tolerant sealant could be successfully used because it showed comparable performance to the conventional sealant.