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"Amyes, Sebastian G. B"
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Antibacterial Chemotherapy
Part of the Oxford Infectious Disease Library, this pocketbook is designed to help medical trainees, general prescribers, healthcare workers and students to understand how antibiotics work, to demonstrate where they might be most appropriate, and to make clear the threat of antibiotic resistance.
eBook
Bacteria : a very short introduction
\"Bacteria are the most abundant form of life on the planet. The first organisms to evolve, they include forms that can survive the toughest environments, from deep rocks to frozen wastes. No other organisms are as adaptable. We are most familiar with them as agents of disease, but benign bacteria are critical to ecosystems, as well as to human health. In this Very Short Introduction, Sebastian G.B. Amyes explores the nature of bacteria, tracing their origins and evolution, as well as their roles in the environment and in disease, and their growing resistance to antibiotics. This new edition includes a brand new chapter on the human microbiome\"--Page 2 of cover.
Book
Genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Hungary, and coverage of the conjugate vaccines
Background and aimsThe 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (Prevenar) was introduced as a recommended (but not yet obligatory) vaccine in Hungary in April 2009 and there was a sharp increase in the number of children vaccinated. Hence there is an urgent need for in-depth epidemiological data on invasive pneumococci before vaccination becomes widespread. Such a study has never been done before in Hungary.Methods144 pneumococcal isolates, obtained from invasive infections or pneumonia, were collected from eight Hungarian diagnostic laboratories between 2000 and 2008. After confirmation of species identity, their susceptibilities to nine antibiotics were determined by Etest and agar dilution method. The serotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes of the strains were also determined.ResultsIn this cohort, most of the isolates were from patients at the extreme of life. Only 1.4% of the strains were resistant to penicillin, but nearly 40% were resistant to erythromycin (mainly due to erm(B) gene). Higher incidences of resistance were found in the very young and very old. The most prevalent serotypes in the cohort in descending order were 14, 6A, 6, 6B, 23F, 3, 19F and 11A.ConclusionsResults showed a similar but not identical profile to previously examined strains causing pulmonary infections in Hungary. The serotypes could be correlated to patient groups. Furthermore, there were examples of serotype switching in strains showing identical genotype but different serotype. The study also shows a good coverage by the conjugate vaccines over the invasive pneumococcal strains in Hungary based on the detected serotypes.
Journal Article
OXA-type carbapenemases in Acinetobacter baumannii in South America
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently involved in outbreaks of infection, occurring mostly in intensive care units. The increasing incidence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii worldwide is a concern since it limits drastically the range of therapeutic alternatives. The most important mechanism of carbapenem resistance is the enzymatic hydrolysis mediated by carbapenemases. In A. baumannii these enzymes are usually OXA-type carbapenemases, and belong to class D according to the classification of Ambler. The OXA-type carbapenemases are divided into five subgroups, four of which correspond to acquired carbapenemases, which accounts for the distribution of genes blaOXA in different geographic areas. In this work we review the different types of OXA-type carbapenemases present in A. baumannii, emphasizing the current situation in South America with special mention to the findings in Chile.
Journal Article
Limitation of Acinetobacter baumannii treatment by plasmid-mediated carbapenemase ARI-2
Brown et al report a novel plasmid-mediated carbapenemase (ARI-2) from a multiresistant clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii from Argentina.
Journal Article
The genetic environment of the antiseptic resistance genes qacEDelta1 and cepA in Klebsiella pneumoniae
The genetic environment of two antiseptic resistance genes (qacEΔ1 and cepA) was examined in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates obtained from the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between 2006 and 2008. In 4 of 34 isolates, which carried the qacEΔ1 gene, the sul1 gene was located immediately downstream. In two of these, the orf5 gene of unknown function was found immediately downstream of the sul1 gene. In one case, this was substituted by the chrA gene. The cepA gene was carried by 56 (87·5%) isolates, and the pfkA gene was found directly downstream in 45 (70·3%) isolates, and in 40 (62·5%) of these isolates, the menG gene was found directly downstream. The cpxP gene was found in 47 (73·4%) isolates upstream of the cepA, and in 35 of these isolates, the cpxR gene was identified. These latter genes are transcription regulators, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that their presence was associated with cepA expression.
Journal Article