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نظريات التعلم : منظور تربوي
يتناول الكتاب أهمية فهم نظريات التعلم في علم النفس التربوي كوسيلة أساسية لفهم كيفية حدوث التغيير السلوكي المعرفي لدى المتعلمين؛ يبدأ بتناول الأسس التاريخية لدراسة التعلم مرورا بنظريات علم الأعصاب، ثم النظرية السلوكية التي هيمنت لفترة طويلة. كما يستعرض النظريات الحديثة مثل النظرية المعرفية الاجتماعية، ونظرية معالجة المعلومات (من الترميز والتخزين إلى الاسترجاع والنسيان)، والنظرية البنائية، بالإضافة إلى العمليات المعرفية في التعلم. ويتناول الموضوعات ذات الصلة مثل الدافعية، والتنظيم الذاتي للتعلم، وتأثير السياق، ويختم بتحدي القارئ لتطوير وجهة نظره الشخصية حول التعلم.
BOOK
Arginine methylation promotes siRNA-binding specificity for a spermatogenesis-specific isoform of the Argonaute protein CSR-1
CSR-1 is an essential Argonaute protein that binds to a subclass of 22G-RNAs targeting most germline-expressed genes. Here we show that the two isoforms of CSR-1 have distinct expression patterns; CSR-1B is ubiquitously expressed throughout the germline and during all stages of development while CSR-1A expression is restricted to germ cells undergoing spermatogenesis. Furthermore, CSR-1A associates preferentially with 22G-RNAs mapping to spermatogenesis-specific genes whereas CSR-1B-bound small RNAs map predominantly to oogenesis-specific genes. Interestingly, the exon unique to CSR-1A contains multiple dimethylarginine modifications, which are necessary for the preferential binding of CSR-1A to spermatogenesis-specific 22G-RNAs. Thus, we have discovered a regulatory mechanism for
C. elegans
Argonaute proteins that allows for specificity of small RNA binding between similar Argonaute proteins with overlapping temporal and spatial localization.
The Argonaute protein CSR-1 is essential for fertility and viability in
C. elegans
. Here the authors show that CSR-1A isoform associates preferentially with small RNAs mapping to spermatogenesis-specific genes while CSR-1B isoform binds small RNAs mapping to oogenesis-specific genes. Arginine methylation of CSR-1A promotes small RNA-binding specificity.
Journal Article
مدخل إلى الفلسفة القديمة
تشكل الفلسفة الإغريقية محاولة الإنسان الأولى لتفسير العالم بالأدوات العقلية بعد تجربة الشرق الأدنى القديم في إستكناهه أسطوريا وإستنطاقه بلغة النبوءة والشعر. يعنى هذا الكتاب بإستعراض التطور التاريخي للفلسفة في العالم الناطق باليونانية منذ بداياتها الأولى في الجزر الأيونية وإيطاليا، ومرورا باللحظة السقراطية وما أودعته فلسفتها لدى أفلاطون وأرسطو، لينتهي بآخر قمة فلسفية كتب باللاتينية، وهو القديس أوغسطين الذي عاش الجزء الأكبر من حياته في عنابة في الجزائر.
Book
44Ti gamma-ray emission lines from SN1987A reveal an asymmetric explosion
In core-collapse supernovae, titanium-44 (44Ti) is produced in the innermost ejecta, in the layer of material directly on top of the newly formed compact object. As such, it provides a direct probe of the supernova engine. Observations of supernova 1987A (SN1987A) have resolved the 67.87- and 78.32–kilo–electron volt emission lines from decay of 44Ti produced in the supernova explosion. These lines are narrow and redshifted with a Doppler velocity of ∼700 kilometers per second, direct evidence of large-scale asymmetry in the explosion.
Journal Article
مقدمة في بحوث الخدمات الطبية الطارئة
يعد هذا الكتاب المرجع الأول والوحيد المتخصص في مجال بحوث الخدمات الطبية الطارئة والذي أعد من قبل فريق متعدد التخصصات من الباحثين الذين يعدون النخبة في هذا المجال كما يعد الدليل بأنه المثالي لجميع المهنيين والإخصائيين والمختصين سواء أكانو من مقدمي الخدمة أو معلمين أو إداريين أو طلبة ومع تزايد أهمية البحوث في مجال الخدمات الطبية الطارئة فإن هذا الدليل سيعمل على إرشادك من خلال خطوات البحث وابتدأ من الأسباب التي تحدد ضرورة البحث من خلال التصميم وعملية البحث الفعلية متبعا لمنهجية العمل خطوة بخطوة مرورا بتوجيه القراء للمراجعة المتكاملة ويشمل الكتاب عروض معلوماتية واضحة وتجارب نموذجية وقصل كامل عن تحليل البيانات ومنهجية العمل خطوة بخطوة تأخذ القارىء معها للإجراءات الصحيحة لعملية البحث.
BOOK
Dysregulation of miR-106a and miR-591 confers paclitaxel resistance to ovarian cancer
Background:
MicroRNAs are noncoding regulatory RNAs strongly implicated in carcinogenesis, cell survival, and chemosensitivity. Here, microRNAs associated with chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma, the most lethal of gynaecological malignancies, were identified and their functional effects in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells were assessed.
Methods:
MicroRNA expression in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant SKpac sublines was compared with that of the PTX-sensitive, parental SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line using microarray and qRT–PCR. The function of differentially expressed microRNAs in chemoresistant ovarian cancer was further evaluated by apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration assays.
Results:
Upregulation of miR-106a and downregulation of miR-591 were associated with PTX resistance in ovarian cancer cells and human tumour samples. Transfection with anti-miR-106a or pre-miR-591 resensitized PTX-resistant SKpac cells to PTX by enhancing apoptosis (23 and 42% increase), and inhibited their cell migration (43 and 56% decrease) and proliferation (64 and 65% decrease). Furthermore, ZEB1 was identified as a novel target gene of miR-591, and BCL10 and caspase-7 were target genes of miR-106a, as identified by immunoblotting and luciferase assay.
Conclusion:
MiR-106a and miR-591 have important roles in conferring PTX resistance to ovarian cancer cells. Modulation of these microRNAs resensitizes PTX-resistant cancer cells by targeting BCL10, caspase-7, and ZEB1.
Journal Article
سيد الجزيرة العربية : سيرة حياة الملك عبد العزيز بن سعود
كتاب (سيد الجزيرة العربية : سيرة حياة الملك عبد العزيز بن سعود) تسلط سطور هذا الكتاب الضوء على تاريخ الجزيرة العربية فيأخذك في رحلة إلى الماضي لتخوض غمار الحرب وتواكب تطور الأحداث وتعايش التحديات التي واجهتها في تلك الأثناء والانتصارات التي حققتها حتى تصل لتأسيس المملكة العربية السعودية بقيادة الملك عبد العزيز بن سعود سيد جزيرة العرب.
BOOK
Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 modulates brain plasticity in both mice and humans: a potential gliogenetic mechanism underlying language-associated learning
The role of astrocytes in brain plasticity has not been extensively studied compared with that of neurons. Here we adopted integrative translational and reverse-translational approaches to explore the role of an astrocyte-specific major water channel in the brain, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), in brain plasticity and learning. We initially identified the most prevalent genetic variant of AQP4 (single nucleotide polymorphism of rs162008 with C or T variation, which has a minor allele frequency of 0.21) from a human database (n=60 706) and examined its functionality in modulating the expression level of AQP4 in an in vitro luciferase reporter assay. In the following experiments, AQP4 knock-down in mice not only impaired hippocampal volumetric plasticity after exposure to enriched environment but also caused loss of long-term potentiation after theta-burst stimulation. In humans, there was a cross-sectional association of rs162008 with gray matter (GM) volume variation in cortices, including the vicinity of the Perisylvian heteromodal language area (Sample 1, n=650). GM volume variation in these brain regions was positively associated with the semantic verbal fluency. In a prospective follow-up study (Sample 2, n=45), the effects of an intensive 5-week foreign language (English) learning experience on regional GM volume increase were modulated by this AQP4 variant, which was also associated with verbal learning capacity change. We then delineated in mice mechanisms that included AQP4-dependent transient astrocytic volume changes and astrocytic structural elaboration. We believe our study provides the first integrative evidence for a gliogenetic basis that involves AQP4, underlying language-associated brain plasticity.
Journal Article
Ha Chong Hyun
Ha Chong Hyun (born 1935) is one of Korea's most acclaimed artists and a leading member of the artistic movement known as Dansaekhwa. Ha's own multifaceted practice was expansive: moving from gestural abstract painting in the style known as \"Korean Informel,\" to geometric nonfigurative painting, to conceptual sculpture and installation that audaciously experimented with materiality and spatiality and revolutionized modern art in Korea. Ha Chong Hyun is the most comprehensive publication to explore the artist's work to date. Hundreds of full-color images gorgeously illustrate Ha's four decades of art making. Major new texts by scholars and art historians Kyung An, H.G. Masters and Barry Schwabsky incisively explore Ha's work and the broader movements in Korean art of which he was a part, from Dansaehkwa to the Avant Garde Association.
Book
α-Actinin-4 induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis via regulation of Snail expression and β-catenin stabilization in cervical cancer
α-Actinin-4 (ACTN4) is frequently amplified and overexpressed in various cancers. Although ACTN4 functions in cancer cell migration and invasion, the roles of ACTN4 during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cervical cancer tumorigenesis are unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of ACTN4 in the progression of cervical cancer and the mechanisms of EMT and tumorigenesis induced by ACTN4. We found that ACTN4 induced EMT by upregulating Snail, which was dependent on the Akt signaling pathway in cervical cancer. ACTN4 induced cell migration and invasion through Snail-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. ACTN4 expression level was correlated with stabilization of β-catenin. Accumulatioin of β-catenin owing to ACTN4 induced tumorigenesis via upregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, including cyclin D1 and c-myc. ACTN4 knockdown reduced cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation
in vivo
. The expression level of ACTN4 is highly elevated in human cervical tumors, compared with that in normal cervical tissues. ACTN4-overexpressing MDCK cells induced tumor formation and metastatic nodules in nude mice. Our findings indicate that ACTN4 promotes EMT and tumorigenesis by regulating Snail expression and the Akt pathway in cervical cancer. We propose a novel mechanism for EMT and tumorigenesis in cervical cancer.
Journal Article