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The essays collected in this volume constitute a breakthrough in an understanding of the life and works of Kerouac. Fellow Beats, biographers, critics, poets and scholars write about their views of a man who epitomizes both the American Dream and the French-Canadian experience on this continent. Eight essays in English, eleven in French.

Religion, Culture, and the Stateaddresses reasonable accommodation from legal, political, and anthropological perspectives, with the contributors using the 2008 Bouchard-Taylor Report as their point of departure to contextualize the English and French Canadian experiences of multiculturalism and diversity.

The massive migration movement from the Russian Empire that followed the 1905 Insurrection allowed the emergence in all regions of the Americas of Yiddish-speaking communities that transcended all existing immediate national and linguistic boundaries. Within a few years, with the exception of the United States and New York, there appeared in many countries and cities of the hemisphere large Jewish immigrant populations where almost none existed before. This sudden displacement of vast numbers of Eastern European migrants produced a new diaspora that spread over most parts the Americas and developed its own distinctive identity and set of political aspirations, often based on the shtetl culture of the Jewish Pale of Settlement and the political conditions prevalent in the Old Word. Buttressed by intense forms of Yiddish cultural creativity and a flowering of journalistic writing, and despite strong political disagreements within that world, new forms of Jewish transnationality appeared in the hemisphere that would last until well after World War . This phenomenon was especially visible in the world of belles-lettres when Yiddish authors, all originating in the Russian Empire but living in very different political regimes and linguistic spheres in the Americas, managed to keep alive for many decades a literary sphere all their own. Through correspondence, successive immigrations and periodic displacements on the continent, writers, journalists and editors maintained solid connections among themselves that provided in large part the basis for a common perception of the world and of a unified Jewish identity in all of the Americas.

The essays collected in this volume constitute a breakthrough in an understanding of the life and works of Kerouac. Fellow Beats, biographers, critics, poets and scholars write about their views of a man who

Religion, Culture, and the State addresses reasonable accommodation from legal, political, and anthropological perspectives, with the contributors using the 2008 Bouchard-Taylor Report as their point of departure to contextualize the English and French Canadian experiences of multiculturalism and diversity.

Montréal Jewry is unique in many respects, not only vis-à-vis the other major Jewish communities in Canada but even in the North American sphere. This is reflected in many ways. Montréal Jews are highly concentrated residentially, their community exhibits a high degree of institutional completeness and they themselves tend to cultivate a strongly defined Jewish identity both in the cultural and religious spheres. To a large extent these features can be attributed to the fact that the Montréal Jewish community is the oldest and most established in Canada, that it has received relatively little outside immigration in the last two or three decades and that it is somewhat sheltered from American social norms. Montréal Jews must also come to terms with a broader Francophone community that is itself at odds with the mainstream Anglo-Canadian components and forms a distinct society. In negotiating a balance between all these factors, including Québec nationalism and the rise of a new vibrant Francophone culture, the Montréal Jewish community has gained features which point to a separate destiny in the larger Canadian Jewish ensemble.

Throughout the twentieth century, Canada was a land of refuge for a large number of immigrants from the four corners of the world. Once they had settled in this country and formed cultural communities, these newcomers often generated important literary and artistic trends in their own languages, and these movements reflected both concern with the survival of their identity and adaptation to new Canadian circumstances. The artistic journey of artists who hailed from these communities has gained greater significance today, as we have come to realize that their work informs us on the openness of Canadians to diversity. However, this body of work is either captured in many different languages -- and quite often, not in either official language -- or it makes use of lesser known artistic media. For these reasons, this corpus often eludes the large institutions mandated to constitute and to preserve Canadian archives. This text examines the case of Yiddish writer Sholem Shtern, who emigrated from Poland in 1927 at the age of twenty, and who published many collections of poetry and essays in Canada, in the Yiddish language. Shtern campaigned vigorously in Montreal and elsewhere in North America to include Yiddish writing in the life of his community, and by so doing, to promote a certain ideal of social justice. The personal archives of the author, which were deposited at the National Library of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada) shortly after his death in 1991, raise all kinds of questions relating to the preservation of the immigrant memory and to the literary lives of cultural communities who do not express themselves in either official language. Adapted from the source document.

Throughout the twentieth century, Canada was a land of refuge for a large number of immigrants from the four corners of the world. Once they had settled in this country and formed cultural communities, these newcomers often generated important literary and artistic trends in their own languages, and these movements reflected both concern with the survival of their identity and adaptation to new Canadian circumstances. The artistic journey of artists who hailed from these communities has gained greater significance today, as we have come to realize that their work informs us on the openness of Canadians to diversity. However, this body of work is either captured in many different languages – and quite often, not in either official language – or it makes use of lesser known artistic media. For these reasons, this corpus often eludes the large institutions mandated to constitute and to preserve Canadian archives. This text examines the case of Yiddish writer Sholem Shtern, who emigrated from Poland in 1927 at the age of twenty, and who published many collections of poetry and essays in Canada, in the Yiddish language. Shtern campaigned vigorously in Montreal and elsewhere in North America to include Yiddish writing in the life of his community, and by so doing, to promote a certain ideal of social justice. The personal archives of the author, which were deposited at the National Library of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada) shortly after his death in 1991, raise all kinds of questions relating to the preservation of the immigrant memory and to the literary lives of cultural communities who do not express themselves in either official language.

From the mid-19th century to around 1930, over 900 000 francophone Québecois emigrated to the US. They migrated in waves, especially after the American Civil War, and around 1890 managed to feel at home and, in a few generations, adopted the habits and customs of their new surroundings.