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Recent Advances in the Modelling and Analysis of Opinion Dynamics on Influence Networks
A fundamental aspect of society is the exchange and discussion of opinions between individuals, occurring in situations as varied as company boardrooms, elementary school classrooms and online social media. After a very brief introduction to the established results of the most fundamental opinion dynamics models, which seek to mathematically capture observed social phenomena, a brief discussion follows on several recent themes pursued by the authors building on the fundamental ideas. In the first theme, we study the way an individual′s self-confidence can develop through contributing to discussions on a sequence of topics, reaching a consensus in each case, where the consensus value to some degree reflects the contribution of that individual to the conclusion. During this process, the individuals in the network and the way they interact can change. The second theme introduces a novel discrete-time model of opinion dynamics to study how discrepancies between an individual′s expressed and private opinions can arise due to stubbornness and a pressure to conform to a social norm. It is also shown that a few extremists can create “pluralistic ignorance”, where people believe there is majority support for a position but in fact the position is privately rejected by the majority. Last, we consider a group of individuals discussing a collection of logically related topics. In particular, we identify that for topics whose logical interdependencies take on a cascade structure, disagreement in opinions can occur if individuals have competing and/or heterogeneous views on how the topics are related, i.e., the logical interdependence structure varies between individuals.
Journal Article
Mercury : the view after Messenger
A study of the planet Mercury, particulary after the Messenger mission. The spacecraft was launched in 2004, orbited Mercury 2008-2015, and crashed onto the surface of Mercury in 2015.
Book
FIRM GROWTH, ADAPTIVE CAPABILITY, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION
Research summary: This paper posits adaptive capability as a mechanism through which a firm's prior growth influences the exhibition of future entrepreneurial action. Defined as the firm's proficiency in altering its understanding of market expectations, increased adaptive capability is a consequence of the new resource combinations that result from expanding organizational boundaries. Increased adaptive capability in turn corresponds to expansion of entrepreneurial activity, as firms increase their entrepreneurial orientation as the strategic mechanism to capitalize on their improved understanding of market conditions. We find support for our research model in a two-study series conducted in South Korea and the United Kingdom. Managerial summary: Most would agree that entrepreneurially oriented firms—being innovative, entering new markets, and taking risk—grow faster. But how a firm becomes entrepreneurial is a complicated question. In this study, we flipped the growth relationship around and found support for growth contributing to a firm's entrepreneurial orientation. But between growth and being more entrepreneurial is the firm's ability to recognize changes in market expectations. We argue that as a firm grows, it acquires new resources and new knowledge of how to use those resources. These new resource combinations increase its ability to recognize changes in market expectations—its adaptive capability. This capability uncovers new entrepreneurial opportunities for value creation. To capture this potential value, firms expand their entrepreneurial orientation.
Journal Article
The art and soul of Dune part two
\"The Art and Soul of Dune: Part Two captures the breathtaking behind-the-scenes journey behind the making of Dune: Part Two, the second film in director Denis Villeneuve's six-time Oscar-winning film adaptation of author Frank Herbert's science fiction classic. Written by Dune: Part Two producer Tanya Lapointe (p.g.a.), this visually dazzling exploration of the filmmaking process gives unparalleled insight into the project's genesis--from its striking environmental designs to its intricate costume concepts and landmark digital effects. The Art and Soul of Dune: Part Two also features exclusive interviews with key members of the cast and crew, including Denis Villeneuve, production designer Patrice Vermette, and many more, delivering a uniquely candid account of the hugely ambitious international shoot\" Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Value-driven attentional priority is context specific
Attention is automatically drawn to stimulus features previously associated with reward, a phenomenon referred to as
value
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driven attentional capture
. To date, value-driven attentional capture has been studied exclusively by manipulating stimulus–reward contingencies in an experimental setting. Although practical and intuitively appealing, this approach poses theoretical challenges to understanding the broader impact of reward on attention in everyday life. These challenges arise from the fact that associative learning between a given visual feature and reward is not limited to the context of an experiment, yet such extra-experimental learning is completely ignored in studies of value-driven attention. How is it, then, that experimentally established reward associations even influence attention, seemingly overshadowing any prior learning about particular features and rewards? And how do the effects of this experimental learning persist over long periods of time, in spite of all the intervening experiences outside of the lab that might interfere with the learning? One potential answer to these questions is that value-driven attention is context specific, such that different contexts evoke different value priors that the attention system uses to assign priority. In the present study, I directly tested this hypothesis. The results show that the same stimulus feature either does or does not capture attention, depending on whether it has been rewarded specifically in the context within which it appears. The findings provide insight into how multiple reward structures can efficiently guide attention with minimal interference.
Journal Article
Justice League : the Darkseid War
\"Collected in its entirety, Justice League: The Darkseid War features the epic battle between the Justice League, Darkseid and the Anti-Monitor in this all-new Essential Edition! The Justice League came together to stop the forces of Darkseid from destroying Earth five years ago. Now the ruler of Apokolips returns, but sets his sights on the world-shattering Anti-Monitor. Will the combined might of the Justice League be enough to protect the Earth from the collateral damage as Gods fight? The New York Times best-selling series from Geoff Johns comes to its explosive conclusion here in this massive hardcover!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Learned Value Magnifies Salience-Based Attentional Capture
Visual attention is captured by physically salient stimuli (termed salience-based attentional capture), and by otherwise task-irrelevant stimuli that contain goal-related features (termed contingent attentional capture). Recently, we reported that physically nonsalient stimuli associated with value through reward learning also capture attention involuntarily (Anderson, Laurent, & Yantis, PNAS, 2011). Although it is known that physical salience and goal-relatedness both influence attentional priority, it is unknown whether or how attentional capture by a salient stimulus is modulated by its associated value. Here we show that a physically salient, task-irrelevant distractor previously associated with a large reward slows visual search more than an equally salient distractor previously associated with a smaller reward. This magnification of salience-based attentional capture by learned value extinguishes over several hundred trials. These findings reveal a broad influence of learned value on involuntary attentional capture.
Journal Article
Invisible mafia
\"The devastating repercussions from the Man of Steel graphic novel still reverberate as Metropolis enters a new age! The Daily Planet teeters on the brink of disaster! A new criminal element has made its way onto the streets of Superman's hometown!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial orientation
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO)—a firm's strategic posture towards entrepreneurship—has become the predominant construct of interest in strategic entrepreneurship research. Despite the ever-increasing volume of nomological research on EO, there remain ongoing conversations regarding its ontology. Drawing from measurement theory, we outline an EO reconceptualization addressing the likely prevalence of Type II nomological error in the EO literature stemming from measurement model misspecification. Focusing on the question of whether EO is an attitudinal construct, a behavioral construct, or both, we propose a formative construction of EO viewing the exhibition of entrepreneurial behaviors and of managerial attitude towards risk as jointly necessary dimensions that collectively form the higher-order EO construct. We present an empirical illustration of our reconceptualization followed by a discussion of future research opportunities.
Journal Article