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Gastrointestinal Interoception in Eating Disorders: Charting a New Path
Purpose of Review
Abnormal interoception has been consistently observed across eating disorders despite limited inclusion in diagnostic conceptualization. Using the alimentary tract as well as recent developments in interoceptive neuroscience and predictive processing as a guide, the current review summarizes evidence of gastrointestinal interoceptive dysfunction in eating disorders.
Recent Findings
Eating is a complex process that begins well before and ends well after food consumption. Abnormal prediction and prediction-error signals may occur at any stage, resulting in aberrant gastrointestinal interoception and dysregulated gut sensations in eating disorders. Several interoceptive technologies have recently become available that can be paired with computational modeling and clinical interventions to yield new insights into eating disorder pathophysiology.
Summary
Illuminating the neurobiology of gastrointestinal interoception in eating disorders requires a new generation of studies combining experimental probes of gut physiology with computational modeling. The application of such techniques within clinical trials frameworks may yield new tools and treatments with transdiagnostic relevance.
Journal Article
Research informing the practice of museum educators : diverse audiences, challenging topics, and reflective praxis
Museums are institutions of both education and learning in service of society, that is, they are sites where educational experiences are designed and facilitated, and also places where visitors learn in broad and diverse ways. As such, the role of public education in museums today is highly important, if not at the centre of museum activity. As museums contemplate the growing significance of their educational roles and mandate within a changing society, so too they are increasingly in need of information about the audiences they serve and their own professional practice as they strive to achieve their educational missions in service to the communities in which they are embedded. Accordingly, this edited book focuses on informing, broadening and enhancing the pedagogy of museum education and the practices of museum educators. The chapters in this book report independent research studies conducted by the authors who have explored and investigated a variety of issues affecting museum education practice, contextualized across a range of institutions, including art galleries, natural and social history museums, anthropology museums, science centres, and gardens. These studies address a cross-section of contemporary issues confronting the field of museum education including studies of diverse audiences and their needs, the mediation of challenging topics, professional training, teaching and learning in informal settings, and reflective practice and praxis. Together these themes represent a set of topical issues germane to informing, broadening and enhancing educational practices in diverse museum settings, and will be of considerable interest to a broad spectrum of the museum and non-formal education fields.-- Provided by Publisher.
Book
Raising the Bar: Age‐adjust NT‐proBNP to improve specificity and reduce delay
In the United States, low rates of NP and echocardiographic testing are reported, leading to diagnostic delays and increasing proportions of hospital diagnoses.6 Women, socially deprived groups, and those with multiple comorbidities experience the greatest delays.7 Low- and middle-income countries bear an even higher burden, with delayed diagnosis contributing to higher mortality rates.8 Late diagnosis is consistently linked to worse outcomes, and those diagnosed during hospitalisation have higher mortality rates than those diagnosed earlier in primary care.9–11 Age-related variation in natriuretic peptide levels has long been recognized12 and confirmed by early population-based studies.13 In 2010, an international multicentre study demonstrated that age-specific NT-proBNP thresholds outperformed a single fixed threshold for the detection of systolic dysfunction in primary care.14 Large population studies show that NT-proBNP values rise steeply with age and >75% of healthy individuals >80 years exceeded the 125 pg/mL NT-proBNP threshold.15 The 2023 HFA-ESC Consensus Statement on NT-proBNP testing recommended the introduction of age-related thresholds with HF considered ‘likely’ in the outpatient setting if NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL for those aged <50 years, ≥250 pg/mL between 50 and 75 years, and ≥500 pg/mL over 75 years.16 However, these cut-points were determined from the 95th percentile of the Generation Scotland cohort rather than from a prospective clinical study. The study employed English primary care data between 2004 and 2018 from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and linked to inpatient Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). HF diagnosis was obtained from diagnostic codes entered in primary care or during hospital admission or in cases where echocardiography findings were consistent with HF. Globally billions are invested annually by combined public, charitable, pharmaceutical and device sectors in HF research, yet consensus on adjusted NP cut-offs remains lacking after 25 years. Besides age, factors such as sex, BMI, race, ethnicity,19 and comorbidities affect NP levels.
Journal Article
Womens work
Womens work was a magazine edited by Alison Knowles and Annea Lockwood that featured text-based and instructional performance scores by twenty-five women artists. In the original publication of Issue 1, Nye Ffarrabas appeared as Bici Forbes and Annea Lockwood appeared as Anna Lockwood. In the original publication of Issue 2, Ann Noël appeared as Ann Williams.
Book
Common genetic variants and modifiable risk factors underpin hypertrophic cardiomyopathy susceptibility and expressivity
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common, serious, genetic heart disorder. Rare pathogenic variants in sarcomere genes cause HCM, but with unexplained phenotypic heterogeneity. Moreover, most patients do not carry such variants. We report a genome-wide association study of 2,780 cases and 47,486 controls that identified 12 genome-wide-significant susceptibility loci for HCM. Single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability indicated a strong polygenic influence, especially for sarcomere-negative HCM (64% of cases;
h
2
g
= 0.34 ± 0.02). A genetic risk score showed substantial influence on the odds of HCM in a validation study, halving the odds in the lowest quintile and doubling them in the highest quintile, and also influenced phenotypic severity in sarcomere variant carriers. Mendelian randomization identified diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as a key modifiable risk factor for sarcomere-negative HCM, with a one standard deviation increase in DBP increasing the HCM risk fourfold. Common variants and modifiable risk factors have important roles in HCM that we suggest will be clinically actionable.
Genome-wide association analyses identify 12 susceptibility loci for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). A genetic risk score for HCM was associated with disease status in a validation study and influenced phenotypic severity in carriers of risk variants in sarcomere genes.
Journal Article
Contemporary plays by African American women : ten complete works
African American women have increasingly begun to see their plays performed from regional stages to Broadway. Yet many of these artists still struggle to gain attention. In this volume, Sandra Adell draws from the vital wellspring of works created by African American women in the twenty-first century to present ten plays by both prominent and up-and-coming writers. Taken together, the selections portray how these women engage with history as they delve into--and shake up--issues of gender and class to craft compelling stories of African American life. Gliding from gritty urbanism to rural landscapes, these works expand boundaries and boldly disrupt modes of theatrical representation.
Book
Enslavement, Freedom, and Marronage in N. K. Jemisin’s Broken Earth Trilogy
This essay argues that N. K. Jemisin’s award-winning Broken Earth science fiction trilogy engages the concepts of freedom, enslavement, and marronage through the stories of her orogene narrators Essun and Nessun. Through the complexity of the trilogy, Jemisin challenges her readers to consider the nature of enslavement and freedom, and the challenges and necessity of radical transformation to create new ways of being.
Journal Article
الشرق الأوسط الجديد : الاحتجاج والثورة والفوضى في الوطن العربي
يحتوي هذا الكتاب على مجموعة من البحوث المعمقة والقراءات المتأنية والدقيقة حول أسباب الإنتفاضات ومحركيها وتأثيراتها في الأوضاع السياسية العربية الداخلية والإقليمية الدولية فيعالج الإنتفاضات العربية كلا على حدة بأبعادها الداخلية ووفق آليات التعبئة الشعبية الذاتية في ظل أزمة السلطة السياسية في كل من تلك الحالات وفشل التنمية الاقتصادية لديها وفي ظل الأنواع الجديدة من التعبئة والنشاط التي أطرت تلك الإنتفاضات.
BOOK
Disgust and Self-Disgust in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Disgust and self-disgust are aversive emotions which are often encountered in people with eating disorders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of disgust and self-disgust in people with eating disorders using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review of the literature revealed 52 original research papers. There was substantial heterogeneity regarding the research question and outcomes. However, we found 5 articles on disgust elicited by food images, 10 studies on generic disgust sensitivity, and 4 studies on self-disgust, and we proceeded to a meta-analytic approach on these studies. We found that women with eating disorders have significantly higher momentary disgust feelings in response to food images (1.32; 95% CI 1.05, 1.59), higher generic disgust sensitivity (0.49; 95% CI 0.24, 0.71), and higher self-disgust (1.90; 95% CI 1.51, 2.29) compared with healthy controls. These findings indicate the potential clinical relevance of disgust and self-disgust in the treatment of eating disorders.
Journal Article