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"Anderson, M"
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Talking about making good choices
\"Guides readers through some decision-making processes and gives them the tools they need to choose their actions wisely. Also examined are influences that affect our choices, such as advertising campaigns, home environment, and peer pressure\"--P. [4] of cover.
Book
Transcription of the non-coding RNA upperhand controls Hand2 expression and heart development
Transcription of a long non-coding RNA, known as upperhand (
Uph
) located upstream of the HAND2 transcription factor is required to maintain transcription of the
Hand2
gene by RNA polymerase, and blockade of
Uph
expression leads to heart defects and embryonic lethality in mice.
upperhand regulates
Hand2
expression in early cardiogenesis
The expression of the transcription factor HAND2 is controlled by several upstream enhancer elements, confined in a region delimited by the presence of the chromatin mark H3K27Ac. Eric Olson and colleagues have found that the transcription of long non-coding RNA located upstream of HAND2 is required to maintained these chromatin marks and let the RNA polymerase transcribe the
Hand2
gene. Preventing the expression of this long non-coding RNA with a termination cassette leads to defects in heart development in mice.
HAND2 is an ancestral regulator of heart development and one of four transcription factors that control the reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
. Deletion of
Hand2
in mice results in right ventricle hypoplasia and embryonic lethality
1
,
5
.
Hand2
expression is tightly regulated by upstream enhancers
6
,
7
that reside within a super-enhancer delineated by histone H3 acetyl Lys27 (H3K27ac) modifications
8
. Here we show that transcription of a
Hand2-
associated long non-coding RNA, which we named upperhand (
Uph
), is required to maintain the super-enhancer signature and elongation of RNA polymerase II through the
Hand2
enhancer locus. Blockade of
Uph
transcription, but not knockdown of the mature transcript, abolished
Hand2
expression, causing right ventricular hypoplasia and embryonic lethality in mice. Given the substantial number of uncharacterized promoter-associated long non-coding RNAs encoded by the mammalian genome
9
, the
Uph
–
Hand2
regulatory partnership offers a mechanism by which divergent non-coding transcription can establish a permissive chromatin environment.
Journal Article
The emerging role and targetability of the TCA cycle in cancer metabolism
The tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle is a central route for oxidative phosphorylation in cells, and fulfills their bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and redox balance require- ments. Despite early dogma that cancer cells bypass the TCA cycle and primarily utilize aerobic glycolysis, emerging evidence demonstrates that certain cancer cells, especially those with deregulated oncogene and tumor suppressor expression, rely heavily on the TCA cycle for energy production and macromolecule synthesis. As the field progresses, the importance of aberrant TCA cycle function in tumorigenesis and the potentials of applying small molecule inhibitors to perturb the enhanced cycle function for cancer treatment start to evolve. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the fuels feeding the cycle, effects of oncogenes and tumor suppressors on fuel and cycle usage, common genetic alterations and deregulation of cycle enzymes, and potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting the TCA cycle in cancer cells. With the application of advanced technology and in vivo model organism studies, it is our hope that studies of this previously overlooked biochemical hub will provide fresh insights into cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis, subsequently revealing vulnerabilities for thera- peutic interventions in various cancer types.
Journal Article
An atlas of Middle Eastern affairs
\"The Middle East is a major focus of world interest. This revised and updated atlas provides accessible, concisely written entries on the most important current issues in the Middle East, combining maps with their geopolitical background. Providing a clear context for analysis of key concerns, it includes background topics, the position of the Middle East in the world and profiles of the constituent countries. \" -- from publisher.
Book
How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?
For the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic, in most infected people these epidemiological quantities were short with a day or so to infectiousness and a few days of peak infectiousness to others.3 By contrast, for COVID-19, the serial interval is estimated at 4·4–7·5 days, which is more similar to SARS.4 First among the important unknowns about COVID-19 is the case fatality rate (CFR), which requires information on the denominator that defines the number infected. [...]the effect of seasons on transmission of COVID-19 is unknown;11 however, with an R0 of 2–3, the warm months of summer in the northern hemisphere might not necessarily reduce transmission below the value of unity as they do for influenza A, which typically has an R0 of around 1·1–1·5.12 Closely linked to these factors and their epidemiological determinants is the impact of different mitigation policies on the course of the COVID-19 epidemic. A key issue for epidemiologists is helping policy makers decide the main objectives of mitigation—eg, minimising morbidity and associated mortality, avoiding an epidemic peak that overwhelms health-care services, keeping the effects on the economy within manageable levels, and flattening the epidemic curve to wait for vaccine development and manufacture on scale and antiviral drug therapies. Avoiding large gatherings of people will reduce the number of super-spreading events; however, if prolonged contact is required for transmission, this measure might only reduce a small proportion of transmissions. [...]broader-scale social distancing is likely to be needed, as was put in place in China.
Journal Article
النضج خرافة : مجموعة من خربشات سارة
هذا الكتاب للبقية الباقية منا، فتوثق هذه القصص الهزلية ضياع عطلات جميلة برمتها على الإنترنت، والمعاناة التي لا توصف لتشابك الأيدي مع شاب وسيم، وكذلك التفكير طيلة اليوم في العودة إلى البيت وارتداء البيجامة، والتساؤل دوما متى بالضبط يبدأ هذا الشيء المسمى نضج ؟. بعبارة أخرى، يصور الرعب والإحراج في حياة الشباب المعاصر. وهذا الكتاب يعتبر من الكتب الكوميدية، يحتوي الكتاب على العديد من المواقف الطريفة والساخرة التي تمر بها الكاتبة ويمر بها معظم الناس أيضا خلال حياتهم.
BOOK
The Fishery Performance Indicators: A Management Tool for Triple Bottom Line Outcomes
Pursuit of the triple bottom line of economic, community and ecological sustainability has increased the complexity of fishery management; fisheries assessments require new types of data and analysis to guide science-based policy in addition to traditional biological information and modeling. We introduce the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs), a broadly applicable and flexible tool for assessing performance in individual fisheries, and for establishing cross-sectional links between enabling conditions, management strategies and triple bottom line outcomes. Conceptually separating measures of performance, the FPIs use 68 individual outcome metrics--coded on a 1 to 5 scale based on expert assessment to facilitate application to data poor fisheries and sectors--that can be partitioned into sector-based or triple-bottom-line sustainability-based interpretative indicators. Variation among outcomes is explained with 54 similarly structured metrics of inputs, management approaches and enabling conditions. Using 61 initial fishery case studies drawn from industrial and developing countries around the world, we demonstrate the inferential importance of tracking economic and community outcomes, in addition to resource status.
Journal Article