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"Andersson, Martin"
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Low carb high fat bread : gluten- and sugar-free baguettes, loaves, crackers, and more
\"Bread is such an integral part of our daily diet that it tends to be what we miss the most when embarking on a low carb high fat or gluten-free diet. After the initial excitement fades, it doesn't take long for the aroma of a freshly baked, warm-from-the-oven loaf to waft into our memory. At last, with Low Carb High Fat Bread, those following low-carb and gluten-free lifestyles can once again bite into delicious, crusty bread. LCHF breads are made with an egg base and contain vitamins, minerals, and protein. This makes LCHF bread highly nutritious, substantial, and satisfying for a hearty snack or even a light lunch. Plus, these recipes are quick and easy to make; simply mix the dough, shape, and bake. Low Carb High Fat Bread includes forty delicious recipes, including: Basil loaf Monkey bread Foccacia with red onion and Parmesan Crispbread Hotdog and hamburger buns Tortillas It's all here! LCHF bread is gluten- and sugar-free and is perfect for weight loss and health. With Low Carb High Fat Bread, everyone can indulge in a slice of warm, aromatic, and delectable bread\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Conifer-killing bark beetles locate fungal symbionts by detecting volatile fungal metabolites of host tree resin monoterpenes
Outbreaks of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle ( Ips typographus ) have decimated millions of hectares of conifer forests in Europe in recent years. The ability of these 4.0 to 5.5 mm long insects to kill mature trees over a short period has been sometimes ascribed to two main factors: (1) mass attacks on the host tree to overcome tree defenses and (2) the presence of fungal symbionts that support successful beetle development in the tree. While the role of pheromones in coordinating mass attacks has been well studied, the role of chemical communication in maintaining the fungal symbiosis is poorly understood. Previous evidence indicates that I . typographus can distinguish fungal symbionts of the genera Grosmannia , Endoconidiophora , and Ophiostoma by their de novo synthesized volatile compounds. Here, we hypothesize that the fungal symbionts of this bark beetle species metabolize spruce resin monoterpenes of the beetle’s host tree, Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), and that the volatile products are used as cues by beetles for locating breeding sites with beneficial symbionts. We show that Grosmannia penicillata and other fungal symbionts alter the profile of spruce bark volatiles by converting the major monoterpenes into an attractive blend of oxygenated derivatives. Bornyl acetate was metabolized to camphor, and α- and β-pinene to trans -4-thujanol and other oxygenated products. Electrophysiological measurements showed that I . typographus possesses dedicated olfactory sensory neurons for oxygenated metabolites. Both camphor and trans -4-thujanol attracted beetles at specific doses in walking olfactometer experiments, and the presence of symbiotic fungi enhanced attraction of females to pheromones. Another co-occurring nonbeneficial fungus ( Trichoderma sp.) also produced oxygenated monoterpenes, but these were not attractive to I . typographus . Finally, we show that colonization of fungal symbionts on spruce bark diet stimulated beetles to make tunnels into the diet. Collectively, our study suggests that the blends of oxygenated metabolites of conifer monoterpenes produced by fungal symbionts are used by walking bark beetles as attractive or repellent cues to locate breeding or feeding sites containing beneficial microbial symbionts. The oxygenated metabolites may aid beetles in assessing the presence of the fungus, the defense status of the host tree and the density of conspecifics at potential feeding and breeding sites.
Journal Article
Low carb high fat cakes and desserts : gluten-free and sugar-free pies, pastries, and more
\"We all need a little sugar every now and then. Sometimes you simply crave a little something sweet, but desserts and treats often have a reputation for ruining your 'diet.' Wouldn't it be great if you could eat all the cakes, cookies, and sweets you wanted without gaining weight? With the tasty treats in this book, you now can! Learn to substitute coconut flour for wheat and replace sugar with natural sweeteners - you won't be able to taste the difference. These healthy alternatives are perfect for both satisfying your own sugar craving and serving at parties and get-togethers. Your guests will be impressed with the delectable treats and grateful for their health benefits. Healthy, yet scrumptious recipes include: Blueberry Mousse Cake Mini Strawberry Mousse Pies Rhubarb Cheesecake Orange Cookies Raspberry Panna Cotta Pie With Cakes and Desserts with Low Carb High Fat, you can satisfy your sweet tooth without ruining your diet.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate to bone-like apatite
Mineralisation of calcium phosphates in bone has been proposed to proceed via an initial amorphous precursor phase which transforms into nanocrystalline, carbonated hydroxyapatite. While calcium phosphates have been under intense investigation, the exact steps during the crystallisation of spherical amorphous particles to platelet-like bone apatite are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate a detailed transformation mechanism of amorphous calcium phosphate spherical particles to apatite platelet-like crystals, within the confined nanodomains of a bone-inspired nanocomposite. The transformation is initiated under the presence of humidity, where nanocrystalline areas are formed and crystallisation advances via migration of nanometre sized clusters by forming steps at the growth front. We propose that such transformation is a possible crystallisation mechanism and is characteristic of calcium phosphates from a thermodynamic perspective and might be unrelated to the environment. Our observations provide insight into a crucial but unclear stage in bone mineralisation, the origins of the nanostructured, platelet-like bone apatite crystals.
The growth of apatite crystals from amorphous calcium phosphate is an area of intense study. Here, the authors report on the use of high resolution TEM imaging to provide evidence of nucleation clusters in the transformation process
Journal Article
Handbook of research methods and applications in economic geography
\"This Handbook provides an overview and assessment of the state-of-the-art regarding research methods, approaches and applications central to economic geography. The chapters are written by distinguished researchers from a variety of scholarly traditions and with a background in different academic disciplines including economics, economic, human and cultural geography, and economic history. The resulting Handbook covers a broad spectrum of methodologies and approaches applicable in analyses pertaining to the geography of economic activities and economic outcomes.\" From publisher's website.
Book
The spatial structure of bacterial communities is influenced by historical environmental conditions
The spatial structure of ecological communities, including that of bacteria, is often influenced by species sorting by contemporary environmental conditions. Moreover, historical processes, i.e., ecological and evolutionary events that have occurred at some point in the past, such as dispersal limitation, drift, priority effects, or selection by past environmental conditions, can be important, but are generally investigated much less. Here, we conducted a field study using 16 rock pools, where we specifically compared the importance of past vs. contemporary environmental conditions for bacterial community structure by correlating present differences in bacterial community composition among pools to environmental conditions measured on the same day, as well as to those measured 2, 4, 6, and 8 d earlier. The results prove that selection by past environmental conditions exists, since we were able to show that bacterial communities are, to a greater extent, an imprint of past compared to contemporary environmental conditions. We suggest that this is the result of a combination of different mechanisms, including priority effects that cause rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions of taxa that have been initially selected by past environmental conditions, and slower rates of turnover in community composition compared to environmental conditions.
Journal Article
The Oxford handbook of spatial diversity and business economics
'The Oxford Handbook of Spatial Diversity and Business Economics' provides academics, researchers, and advanced students in various disciplines - such as business, economics, and geography - with an overview of the role of diversity in modern advanced economies.
BOOK
Volatile organic compounds influence the interaction of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) with its fungal symbionts
Insects have mutualistic symbioses with a variety of microorganisms. However, the chemical signals that maintain these insect−microbe relationships are poorly known compared to those from insect−plant symbioses. The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, the most destructive forest pest in Europe, has a symbiotic relationship with several fungi that are believed to contribute to its successful invasion of Norway spruce. Here we tested the hypothesis that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from fungal symbionts could be cues for bark beetles to recognize and distinguish among members of its microbial community. Behavioral experiments with fungi showed that immature adults of I. typographus are attracted to food sources colonized by their fungal symbionts but not to saprophytic fungi and that this attraction is mediated by volatile cues. GC-MS measurements revealed that the symbionts emitted VOCs. Testing the activity of these compounds on beetle antennae using single sensillum recordings showed that beetles detect many fungal volatiles and possess olfactory sensory neurons specialized for these compounds. Finally, synthetic blends of fungal volatiles attracted beetles in olfactometer experiments. These findings indicate that volatile compounds produced by fungi may act as recognition signals for bark beetles to maintain specific microbial communities that might have impact on their fitness.
Journal Article
Genomic content of chemosensory genes correlates with host range in wood-boring beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae, Agrilus planipennis, and Anoplophora glabripennis)
Background
Olfaction and gustation underlie behaviors that are crucial for insect fitness, such as host and mate selection. The detection of semiochemicals is mediated via proteins from large and rapidly evolving chemosensory gene families; however, the links between a species’ ecology and the diversification of these genes remain poorly understood. Hence, we annotated the chemosensory genes from genomes of select wood-boring coleopterans, and compared the gene repertoires from stenophagous species with those from polyphagous species.
Results
We annotated 86 odorant receptors (ORs), 60 gustatory receptors (GRs), 57 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 36 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the mountain pine beetle (
Dendroctonus ponderosae
), and 47 ORs, 30 GRs, 31 IRs, 4 SNMPs, 12 OBPs, and 14 CSPs in the emerald ash borer (
Agrilus planipennis
). Four SNMPs and 17 CSPs were annotated in the polyphagous wood-borer
Anoplophora glabripennis.
The gene repertoires in the stenophagous
D. ponderosae
and
A. planipennis
are reduced compared with those in the polyphagous
A. glabripennis
and
T. castaneum
, which is largely manifested through small gene lineage expansions and entire lineage losses. Alternative splicing of GR genes was limited in
D. ponderosae
and apparently absent in
A. planipennis
, which also seems to have lost one carbon dioxide receptor (GR1).
A. planipennis
has two SNMPs, which are related to SNMP3 in
T. castaneum. D. ponderosae
has two alternatively spliced OBP genes, a novel OBP “tetramer”, and as many as eleven IR75 members
.
Simple orthology was generally rare in beetles; however, we found one clade with orthologues of putative bitter-taste GRs (named the “GR215 clade”), and conservation of IR60a from
Drosophila melanogaster.
Conclusions
Our genome annotations represent important quantitative and qualitative improvements of the original datasets derived from transcriptomes of
D. ponderosae
and
A. planipennis
, facilitating evolutionary analysis of chemosensory genes in the Coleoptera where only a few genomes were previously annotated. Our analysis suggests a correlation between chemosensory gene content and host specificity in beetles. Future studies should include additional species to consolidate this correlation, and functionally characterize identified proteins as an important step towards improved control of these pests.
Journal Article
Transcriptome analysis of a wild bird reveals physiological responses to the urban environment
Identifying the molecular basis of environmentally induced phenotypic variation presents exciting opportunities for furthering our understanding of how ecological processes and the environment can shape the phenotype. Urban and rural environments present free-living organisms with different challenges and opportunities, which have marked consequences for the phenotype, yet little is known about responses at the molecular level. We characterised transcriptomes from an urban and a rural population of great tits
Parus major
, demonstrating striking differences in gene expression profiles in both blood and liver tissues. Differentially expressed genes had functions related to immune and inflammatory responses, detoxification, protection against oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and regulation of gene expression. Many genes linked to stress responses were expressed at higher levels in the urban birds, in accordance with our prediction that urban animals are exposed to greater environmental stress. This is one of the first studies to reveal transcriptional differences between urban- and rural-dwelling animals and suggests an important role for epigenetics in mediating environmentally induced physiological variation. The study provides valuable resources for developing further in-depth studies of the mechanisms driving phenotypic variation in the urban context at larger spatial and temporal scales.
Journal Article