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Electricity in the modern world holds the backbone of humanity and its demand is increasing every day. Due to multiple factors, in developing countries like India, the continuous supply of electricity seems to be far-fetched due to the constant shutting down of grids (because of severe climatic conditions). The well-known sources for the production of electricity are conventional energy sources, but their supply is limited and more importantly they cause pollution. These factors raise the need to utilize renewable energy sources to the fullest. Among the available renewable energy sources, solar photovoltaic (SPV) is mostly used. In the paper, a 4 kWp SPV plant has been proposed for a residential building in Motihari, Bihar, India. The SPV plant is designed in such a way that it would ensure continuous supply of electricity. The selected location gets an average of 1156.39 W/sq.m of solar irradiation, which produces a 4.6 kWh amount of electricity using a solar rooftop plant having a capacity of 1 kWp considering 5.5 sunshine hours. The designed 4 kWp SPV plant is analyzed using PVsyst V6.8.1 software. The analysis shows that the designed SPV plant saves around 113 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, which is equivalent to planting 181 trees over a lifetime.

The maximum power point (MPP) of a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) array varies with temperature and irradiation. Shadow of various objects falling on a certain portion of the SPV array causes partial shading condition (PSC) which results in the formation of hot spot. Thus, reducing the power (output) by 33% on a single cell in addition to the occurrence of various peaks on a P-V curve. To detect global maxima among the multiple peaks is a challenge for researchers. Hence, different Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to overcome this challenge. In this paper, the impact of partial shading on SPV array has been analysed and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based MPPT technique is used to obtain global maxima under partial shading conditions. The MPPT controller is incorporated with a converter (boost) to vary the input voltage as per the duty cycle of the switch generated by PSO algorithm-based controller.