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The rapid digital transformation of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) has led to the collection of multi‐sensor time series with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, missing data poses a significant challenge, undermining the usability and effectiveness of data‐driven applications. Performing missing data imputation is essential to enhance data quality and support intelligent management. This study first reveals that WDN sensor data in tensor form inherently exhibit spatiotemporal redundancy across three dimensions: inter‐sensor similarity, intra‐day regularity, and daily recurrence. The redundancy can be algebraically characterized by the low‐rank structure of WDN tensor data, providing a robust foundation for imputation. Based on these findings, a novel Low‐rank Autoregressive Tensor Completion (LATC) approach is proposed to efficiently impute spatiotemporal WDN data. The LATC combines autoregressive regularization with standard low‐rank tensor completion, effectively capturing both global redundancy and local correlation of multi‐sensor WDN data. Finally, the LATC is validated on four real‐world and simulated WDN data sets under eight different missing scenarios. Extensive experiments show that the LATC significantly outperforms state‐of‐the‐art baseline methods, achieving accurate imputation even under severe corruption and complex missing patterns.

Background Studies on cost-effectiveness analysis of esophageal cancer are relatively common. However, there are few cost-effectiveness analyses that take a comparative approach between radiotherapy and surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A cost-effectiveness Markov model was constructed to explore the relationship between the benefits and costs of radiotherapy versus surgery for ESCC in China. Methods According to the observational data (patients’ medical records), 196 patients with ESCC enrolled for data were classified into surgery and radiotherapy two groups, both groups received preoperative and postoperative chemoimmunotherapy. A Markov model was constructed using TreeAge Pro Healthcare software to simulate the diseases progression after treatment. The model cost parameters were derived from the average treatment expenditures by real-world patients. The survival formula, fitted to real-world patient data in R, was used to calculate model transition probabilities.​ The utility value parameters were obtained by reviewing literature. Base-case, one-way deterministic sensitivity, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. The results were evaluated against willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds to determine the cost-effectiveness of treatments. Results Among 196 patients (131 males; 114 surgery group), median overall survival was 41.3 vs. 30.4 months and progression-free survival 28.0 vs. 20.6 months for surgery versus radiotherapy groups.​ Compared to radiotherapy, surgery had an incremental cost of 411,574.32 US dollars (USD), an incremental utility of 11.85 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 34,744.52 USD/QALY, reaching 90% of the upper bound of WTP (three times the gross domestic product [GDP] per capita in China). One-way deterministic sensitivity analysis revealed that the costs of adverse event management and immunotherapy were key drivers affecting the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, at a WTP of 12,741.11 USD/QALY and 38,223.34 USD/QALY (1 to 3 times China’s per capita GDP), the probability of surgery being cost-effective was 10.1% and 62.5%, respectively. At a WTP of 33,080.09 USD/QALY, the probability was equal. Conclusions In China, Surgery was marginally cost-effective compared to radiotherapy for ESCC.​​ WTP thresholds, adverse reactions costs and immunotherapy costs constituted the primary factors influencing health economic evaluation outcomes in ESCC surgery versus radiotherapy.

Background Toxocara canis is a globally distributed zoonotic nematode with significant public health implications. While previous studies have explored the excretory-secretory (ES) proteins of third-stage larvae (L3) and the non-protein components of adult excretory-secretory products (ESPs), a comprehensive molecular characterization of ES proteins from adult T. canis remains lacking. Methods ES proteins from female and male adult T. canis were profiled using an Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer. Proteins with differential abundance (PDAs) between sexes were analyzed for subcellular localization, transcription factor, conserved domain, GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment. Immune-interacting ES proteins were identified via co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) followed by mass spectrometry. Results A total of 2,513 ES proteins were identified, including 1,516 shared between female and male adults. Among these, 180 proteins were upregulated and 310 were downregulated between sexes. Additionally, 292 and 117 proteins were uniquely expressed in females and males, respectively. Many ES proteins were enriched in key signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt, Rap1, MAPK, and JAK-STAT. Co-IP analysis revealed 150 immune-interacting ES proteins, such as 14-3-3-like protein 2, 26 S protease regulatory subunit, tubulin, heat shock protein 70, and enolase. Importantly, 74 proteins were common to both the Co-IP and direct proteomic datasets. Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive proteomic profile of ES proteins from adult T. canis , including those interacting with host immune components. These findings enhance our understanding of parasite–host interactions and offer promising targets for novel therapeutic interventions against zoonotic toxocariasis.

In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/starch blends were prepared through reactive melt blending by using PLA and starch as raw materials and vegetable oil polyols, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and citric acid (CA) as additives. The effects of CA and PEG on the toughness of PLA/starch blends were analyzed using a mechanical performance test, scanning electron microscope analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, rheological analysis, and hydrophilicity test. Results showed that the elongation at break and impact strength of the PLA/premixed starch (PSt)/PEG/CA blend were 140.51% and 3.56 kJ·m−2, which were 13.4 and 1.8 times higher than those of pure PLA, respectively. The essence of the improvement in the toughness of the PLA/PSt/PEG/CA blend was the esterification reaction among CA, PEG, and starch. During the melt-blending process, the CA with abundant carboxyl groups reacted in the amorphous region of the starch. The shape and crystal form of the starch did not change, but the surface activity of the starch improved and consequently increased the adhesion between starch and PLA. As a plasticizer for PLA and starch, PEG effectively enhanced the mobility of the molecular chains. After PEG was dispersed, it participated in the esterification reaction of CA and starch at the interface and formed a branched/crosslinked copolymer that was embedded in the interface of PLA and starch. This copolymer further improved the compatibility of the PLA/starch blends. PEGs with small molecules and CA were used as compatibilizers to reduce the effect on PLA biodegradability. The esterification reaction on the starch surface improved the compatibilization and toughness of the PLA/starch blend materials and broadens their application prospects in the fields of medicine and high-fill packaging.

Oxidative stress (OS) is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in cardiovascular and other disease states, damage DNA, lipids, proteins, other cellular and extra-cellular components. OS is both initiated by, and triggers inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, matrix remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and neurohumoral activation. These have been linked to the development of heart failure (HF). Circulating biomarkers generated by OS offer potential utility in patient management and therapeutic targeting. Novel OS-related biomarkers such as NADPH oxidases (sNox2-dp, Nrf2), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), are signaling molecules reflecting pathobiological changes in HF. This review aims to evaluate current OS-related biomarkers and their associations with clinical outcomes and to highlight those with greatest promise in diagnosis, risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in HF.

Background In vitro regeneration presents significant challenges for the propagation and genetic improvement of most woody plants, particularly gymnosperms. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox ( WOX ) genes are known to play vital roles as growth regulators in tissue culture regeneration in several plant species. However, the specific functions of WOX genes in the regeneration processes of gymnosperms had not been previously elucidated. This study aims to systematically identify and analyze the WOX gene family in Ginkgo biloba to understand its potential role in tissue culture regeneration. Results Thirteen WOX genes from Ginkgo biloba , designated as GbWUS and GbWOXs , were systematically identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of nine genes in the WUSCHEL (WUS) clade, one in the intermediate clade, and three in the ancient clade. Transcriptome analysis indicated tissue-specific expression of seven GbWOXs , with two gymnosperm-specific GbWOXs characterized by extra-long introns exhibiting constitutive expression. Further investigation through Ginkgo tissue culture indicated that GbWOX2 was specifically expressed in embryos and facilitated callus induction, while GbWOX3A showed preferential expression during the early stages of embryo and callus development. Co-expression and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses suggested interactions and functional roles among GbWOXs . Three genes ( GbWOX1 , GbWOX2 , and GbWOX3A ) were then cloned and transformed into poplar and/or tobacco. Overexpression of GbWOX2 resulted in larger and denser callus formation, whereas GbWOX3A effectively enhanced shoot regeneration and noticeably increased the rate of adventitious shoot induction. Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the WOX gene family in Ginkgo biloba and highlights its significant role in tissue culture regeneration. The findings suggest that specific GbWOXs are critical for embryo development and callus regeneration, which provides the foundation for the establishment of effective tissue culture systems in Ginkgo. Moreover, this research contributes valuable insights that could be beneficial for improving propagation techniques and genetic studies in other forest trees, especially within the gymnosperm group.

Meeting summarization has become increasingly important with the rise of remote collaboration. However, existing approaches mostly generate summaries post hoc and struggle with the real-time and dynamic nature of multi-topic meetings. In this work, we define the task of dynamic agenda-aware real-time meeting summarization, which requires incrementally producing coherent summaries as a meeting progresses, guided by an evolving agenda. We identify key challenges: (1) long, multi-participant dialogues covering changing topics, (2) the need to update summaries with new information while minimizing redundancy, and (3) aligning summaries with agenda items that may shift during the meeting. To address these issues, we propose a novel summarization framework that integrates fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) with an explicit agenda tracking mechanism. Our method leverages a pre-trained LLM and incorporates the meeting agenda as contextual guidance, dynamically adjusting the focus of the summary as the discussion moves through agenda items. Experimental results on three public meeting datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves higher ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, ROUGE-L, BERTScore, and METEOR scores than competitive methods. The proposed system generates high-quality real-time summaries, offering participants timely insights and agenda-aligned highlights throughout the meeting. These results signify a step towards more interactive and intelligent meeting assistants, and the techniques presented can be generalized to other streaming summarization scenarios. The contributions of this work open new directions for online and interactive summarization research, bridging the gap between offline summary generation and the practical need for live meeting minutes.

Establishing plant regeneration systems and efficient genetic transformation techniques plays a crucial role in plant functional genomics research and the development of new crop varieties. The inefficient methods of transformation and regeneration of recalcitrant species and the genetic dependence of the transformation process remain major obstacles. With the advancement of plant meristematic tissues and somatic embryogenesis research, several key regulatory genes, collectively known as developmental regulators, have been identified. In the field of plant genetic transformation, the application of developmental regulators has recently garnered significant interest. These regulators play important roles in plant growth and development, and when applied in plant genetic transformation, they can effectively enhance the induction and regeneration capabilities of plant meristematic tissues, thus providing important opportunities for improving genetic transformation efficiency. This review focuses on the introduction of several commonly used developmental regulators. By gaining an in-depth understanding of and applying these developmental regulators, it is possible to further enhance the efficiency and success rate of plant genetic transformation, providing strong support for plant breeding and genetic engineering research.

Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is currently used for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), but some people do not respond well to UDCA. It reported that the combination of fenofibrate and UDCA can improve the clinical indices in these patients. However, more high-quality evidence is needed to improve guideline recommendations. Methods: Through an updated meta-analysis, studies included were valued by the Cochrane Evaluation Manual and Robins-I. Biochemical and clinical indicator changes in UDCA-refractory PBC patients receiving combination therapy were analyzed by Revman 5.42. Then, we explored the influence of fenofibrate dose and the effectiveness and safety of long-term application by retrospective cohort study. Results: Our meta-analysis included nine publications with a total of 389 patients, including 216 treated with UDCA alone and 173 who received combination therapy. The meta-analysis showed that combination therapy was more effective than UDCA monotherapy in decreasing biochemical parameters, such as ALP, GGT, IgM, and TG. However, the occurrence of pruritus and adverse events was slightly higher with combination therapy than with UDCA monotherapy. A total of 156 patients were included in our cohort study: 68 patients underwent UDCA monotherapy, and 88 patients underwent combination therapy. Among UDCA-refractory patients, fenofibrate add-on therapy significantly improved the ALP normalization rate. Conclusion: The combination of fenofibrate and UDCA can decrease biochemical parameters, of UDCA-refractory PBC patient. Furthermore, the efficacy and safety of long-term combination therapy were also confirmed in our cohort study.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of astragaloside IV (AS IV) against paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary injury in vivo . Fifty BALB/C mice were randomized into five groups: (1) control, (2) PQ, (3) PQ + dexamethasone (Dex, 5 mg/kg), (4) PQ + AS IV (50 mg/kg), and (5) PQ + AS IV (100 mg/kg). A single dose of PQ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was intraperitoneally given to induced acute lung injury. Then, mice were treated with AS IV (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized; then, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected for histological observation, biochemical assay, and Western blot analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung tissues, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in BALF were determined. Histological examination indicated that AS IV attenuated lung damage caused by PQ. Biochemical results showed that AS IV treatment significantly reduced the levels of MDA, MPO, and inflammatory cytokines while increased the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px compared with those in PQ group. Western blot results revealed that AS IV attenuated the Txnip/Trx expressions and inhibited Rho/ROCK/nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in PQ-challenged mice. These findings suggested the protective effect of AS IV as a natural product on PQ-induced pulmonary injury.