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Background: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) is recognised as a core neuronal process underlying long-term memory. However, a direct relationship between LTP and human memory performance is yet to be demonstrated. The first aim of the current study was thus to assess the relationship between LTP and human long-term memory performance. With this also comes an opportunity to explore factors thought to mediate the relationship between LTP and long-term memory. The second aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between LTP and memory in groups differing with respect to BDNF Val66Met; a single nucleotide polymorphism implicated in memory function. Methods: Participants were split into three genotype groups (Val/Val, Val/Met, Met/Met) and were presented with both an EEG paradigm for inducing LTP-like enhancements of the visually-evoked response, and a test of visual memory. Results: The magnitude of LTP 40 minutes after induction was predictive of long-term memory performance. Additionally, the BDNF Met allele was associated with both reduced LTP and reduced memory performance. Conclusions: The current study not only presents the first evidence for a relationship between sensory LTP and human memory performance, but also demonstrates how targeting this relationship can provide insight into factors implicated in variation in human memory performance. It is anticipated that this will be of utility to future clinical studies of disrupted memory function.

: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is recognised as a core neuronal process underlying long-term memory. However, a direct relationship between LTP and human memory performance is yet to be demonstrated. The first aim of the current study was thus to assess the relationship between LTP and human long-term memory performance. With this also comes an opportunity to explore factors thought to mediate the relationship between LTP and long-term memory. The second aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between LTP and memory in groups differing with respect to brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val Met; a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) implicated in memory function. : Participants were split into three genotype groups (Val/Val, Val/Met, Met/Met) and were presented with both an EEG paradigm for inducing LTP- enhancements of the visually-evoked response, and a test of visual memory. : The magnitude of LTP 40 min after induction was predictive of long-term memory performance. Additionally, the Met allele was associated with both reduced LTP and reduced memory performance. : The current study not only presents the first evidence for a relationship between sensory LTP and human memory performance, but also demonstrates how targeting this relationship can provide insight into factors implicated in variation in human memory performance. It is anticipated that this will be of utility to future clinical studies of disrupted memory function.

Describes the basic pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and pharmacokinetic properties of the amphetamine-like recreational drugs benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), the major components of 'party pills', when taken alone or in combination with other drugs. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

Explores potential drug-drug interactions between benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) by comparing the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of BZP and TFMPP, when taken together, with previously published data on their individual metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

Determines the content and release kinetics of 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) and 1-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) from 'party pill' formulations. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

Explores the potential for drug-drug interactions involving the common party pill compounds benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), by determining the effects of BZP and TFMPP on the metabolism of drugs commonly found in the clinical setting by using pooled human liver microsomes. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

This study aimed to explore the potential for drug-drug interactions involving benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP). This was achieved by determining the effects of BZP and TFMPP on the metabolism of drugs commonly found in the clinical setting by using pooled human liver microsomes. Incubations consisted of a probe substrate (drug of interest), a potential inhibitor (BZP or TFMPP), a suitable enzyme co-factor (NADPH), and pooled human liver microsomes. Loss of substrate was determined by analysing pre- and post-incubation concentrations in the samples by using HPLC/UV analysis. Both TFMPP and BZP were found to inhibit the metabolism of dextromethorphan, caffeine, and ethinyloestradiol. These are reported substrates of CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4 respectively. Greater enzyme inhibition was observed in TFMPP microsomal assays in comparison to those using BZP. The metabolism of omeprazole was not affected, suggesting that BZP and TFMPP do not have a significant inhibitory effect on CYP2C19. The inhibitory effects of BZP and TFMPP observed in this study are of potential significance to clinical practice because CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4 are involved in the metabolism of many commonly used drugs. Knowledge about the observed inhibitory effects will be a useful aid in preventing toxicity when drugs metabolised by these isoenzymes are taken with party pills.

Background: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) is recognised as a core neuronal process underlying long-term memory. However, a direct relationship between LTP and human memory performance is yet to be demonstrated. The first aim of the current study was thus to assess the relationship between LTP and human long-term memory performance. With this also comes an opportunity to explore factors thought to mediate the relationship between LTP and long-term memory, and to gain additional insight into variations in memory function and memory decline. The second aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between LTP and memory in groups differing with respect to BDNF Val66Met; a single nucleotide polymorphism implicated in memory function. Methods: 28 participants (15 female) were split into three genotype groups (Val/Val, Val/Met, Met/Met) and were presented with both an EEG paradigm for inducing LTP-like enhancements of the visually-evoked response, and a test of visual memory. Results: The magnitude of LTP 40 minutes after induction was predictive of long-term memory performance. Additionally, the BDNF Met allele was associated with both reduced LTP and reduced memory performance. Conclusions: The current study not only presents the first evidence for a relationship between sensory LTP and human memory performance, but also demonstrates how targeting this relationship can provide insight into factors implicated in variation in human memory performance. It is anticipated that this will be of utility to future clinical studies of disrupted memory function.