Explore the vast range of titles available.

Harnessing natural evaporation offers a sustainable pathway for next-generation energy technologies. We present a unified physical and experimental framework for evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic (EDHV) systems that decouples and controls the key interfacial processes underlying electricity generation from heat and sunlight. An intermediate ion-conducting layer separates the evaporative top interface from the silicon–dielectric nanopillar array, enabling independent modulation of evaporation, ion transport, and interfacial chemical equilibrium. This strategy enhances performance and clarifies mechanisms governing thermal and photo-induced charge generation, improving ion migration and electricity output. We develop a predictive equivalent-circuit model that captures process coupling through an analytically derived transfer capacitance. Our results show that capacitive photocharging and thermally modulated surface equilibria—rather than faradaic or photothermal effects—dominate energy conversion. The device achieves 1 V open-circuit voltage and 0.25 W/m² power density, with silicon doping and dielectric choice further boosting performance. These findings inform EDHV optimization across environmental and material conditions. A framework for evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic devices decouples interfacial processes, revealing capacitive, thermal, and surface-charge mechanisms that boost energy generation, enabling 1 V output and improved performance via material engineering.

2D van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWH) have emerged as an attractive platform for the realization of optoelectronic synaptic devices, which are critical for energy‐efficient computing systems. Photogating induced by charge traps at the interfaces indeed results in ultrahigh responsivity and tunable photoconductance. Yet, optical potentiation and depression remain mostly modulated by gate bias, requiring relatively high energy inputs. Thus, advanced all‐optical synapse switching strategies are still needed. In this work, a reversible switching between positive photoconductivity (PPC) and negative photoconductivity (NPC) is achieved in graphene/WSe2 vdWH solely through light‐intensity modulation. Consequently, the graphene/WSe2 synaptic device shows tunable optical potentiation and depression behavior with an ultralow power consumption of 127 aJ. The study further unravels the complex interplay of gate bias and incident light power in determining the sign and magnitude of the photocurrent, showing the critical role of charge trapping and photogating at interfaces. Interestingly, it is found that switching between PPC to NPC can be also obtained at 0 mV drain‐source voltage. Overall, the reversible potentiation/depression effect based on light intensity modulation and its combination with additional gate bias tunability is very appealing for the development of energy‐efficient optical communications and neuromorphic computing. A graphene/WSe2 device exhibits switching between positive/negative photoconductivity solely upon changing the illuminating light intensity. A proof‐of‐concept synaptic device with extremely low power consumption is demonstrated.

Photo-modulation is a promising strategy for contactless and ultrafast control of optical and electrical properties of photoactive materials. Graphene is an attractive candidate material for photo-modulation due to its extraordinary physical properties and its relevance to a wide range of devices, from photodetectors to energy converters. In this review, we survey different strategies for photo-modulation of electrical and optical properties of graphene, including photogating, generation of hot carriers, and thermo-optical effects. We briefly discuss the role of nanophotonic strategies to maximize these effects and highlight promising fields for application of these techniques.

Background The growing resistance to current antimalarial drugs has stalled the eradication of malaria in endemic countries. DSM265 has recently been studied in phase I and II clinical trials. Aim This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antiparasitic activity of DSM265 based on available early-phase clinical trials. Methods This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024499167) was conducted to identify any relevant clinical trials reporting DSM265 safety and PK data. Five databases were searched, i.e., PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EBSCOhost, Clinicaltrials.gov, and ScienceDirect. Eligible clinical trials on DSM265 that reported safety outcomes and PK parameters were included. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane’s Collaboration tool. Meta-analysis was conducted to present the pooled adverse events (AEs) and summary estimates for PK parameters, including maximum drug concentration (C max [μg/mL]), time to maximum drug concentration (T max [hours (h)]), elimination half-lives (T 1/2 [h]), and area under the concentration–time curves (AUCs [h·μg/mL]). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted among various doses and drug formulations. Results Seven trials were eligible for systematic review. Overall, DSM265 was associated with increased risks of AEs (relative risk [RR] [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.15, 1.84]); subgroup analysis showed significant risks only among the low-dose (25–250 mg) (RR [95% CI] = 1.86 CI [1.36, 2.54]) and high-dose (600–1200 mg) (RR [95% CI] = 1.67 CI [1.03, 2.72]) subgroups. When given as oral suspension at 400 mg dose, DSM265 achieved C max : 9.3 μg/mL (95% CI = 7.5, 11.2), T max : 5.4 h (95% CI = 2.7, 8.2), T 1/2 : 112.1 h (95% CI = 91.3, 132.9), and AUC 0-∞h : 1,601.9 h·μg/mL (95% CI = 1,233.5, 1970.3). A substantial heterogeneity in PK parameters was evident and justified in meta-regression, which showed linear dose-PK parameter relationships. DSM265 has been shown to target Plasmodium falciparum DHODH with greater selectivity compared to Plasmodium vivax . Furthermore, the drug did not exhibit anti-gametocyte activity which was consistent with preclinical studies. Conclusion In this meta-analysis, DSM265 demonstrated a favorable safety profile after a single 400 mg dose. While preclinical signals of teratogenicity and testicular toxicity have halted further development, these effects were not reported in the included clinical trials. Substantial variability in PK parameters was noted, driven primarily by administered doses.

The families Metapelmatidae and Neanastatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) are recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia based on the presence of Metapelma mirabile Brues, 1906 and Neanastatus africanus Ferrière, 1938, respectively.

An overview of the family Leucospidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) is provided for the leucospid fauna of the Arabian Peninsula. Two genera containing four species are identified based on morphometrics and colour patterns. One species, Leucospis ayezae Usman, Anwar & Ahmad, sp. nov. , is described. Leucospis elegans Klug had been previously recorded from Arabia Felix (= Yemen) and is recorded here for the first time from Saudi Arabia. The status of Leucospis aff. namibica from Yemen has been clarified, and this species is placed here in the genus Micrapion Kriechbaumer as M. clavaforme Steffan. An updated key and a map showing the distribution of the family Leucospidae in the Arabian Peninsula is provided. The occurrence and color morphs of all leucospid species that have been recorded so far from the region are briefly discussed.

The placement and configuration of wind turbines (WTs) are the key factors in determining the performance and energy output of a wind farm (WF). This involves considering various elements such as wind speed, wind direction, and the interspacing between turbines in the design process. To achieve an optimized and consistent wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) for maximum output power, a novel hybrid algorithm hybrid particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm (HPSOGA), combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA), is proposed. HPSOGA can effectively handle problems with multiple local optima, as PSO explores multiple regions and GA refines solutions found by PSO. The framework has two phases, where PSO improves initial parameters in the first phase, and parameters are adjusted in the second phase for improved fitness. The wake effect is analyzed using the Jenson-Wake model, and the objective function considers the total cost of WTs and the power output of the WF. The interspacing of WTs is evaluated by the rule of thumb. HPSOGA outperforms other methods such as GA, BPSO-TVAC, L-SHADE, BRCGA, and EO-PS, producing better results in terms of total output power generation. The simulation results validate the reliability of HPSOGA in WFLO.

Traffic congestions in urban road traffic networks originate from some crowded road segments with crucial locations, and diffuse towards other parts of the urban road network creating further congestions. This behavior of road networks motivates the need to understand the influence of individual road segments on others in terms of congestion. In this paper, we investigate the problems of global influence ranking and local influence ranking of road segments. We propose an algorithm called RoadRank to compute the global influence scores of each road segment from their traffic measures, and rank them based on their overall influence. To identify the locally influential road segments, we also propose an extension called distributed RoadRank, based on road network partitions. We perform extensive experiments on real SCATS datasets of Melbourne. We found that the segments of Batman Avenue, Footscray Road, Punt Road, La Trobe Street, and Victoria Street, are highly influential in the early morning times, which are well known as congestion hotspots for both the network operators and the commuters. Our promising results and detailed insights demonstrate the efficacy of our method.

PurposeAlcohol and tobacco consumption are significant public health concerns and considered some of the riskiest behaviors among students. Despite strong indications of heavy consumption of these substances, certain sections of the student population remain unexplored regarding their consumption patterns and associated factors, including research scholars pursuing Doctor of Philosophy degrees. This study aims to explore the patterns and correlations of consumption of alcohol and tobacco among doctoral students in three Indian universities.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 530 scholars from three central universities, Aligarh Muslim University, Banaras Hindu University and Jawahar Lal Nehru University, and focused on two substances (alcohol and tobacco) frequently used by students in India. Bi-variate analysis and penalized logistic regressions were applied to analyse the prevalence and associated factors of alcohol, smoking and smokeless tobacco among doctoral students.FindingsTobacco consumption was observed to be the dominant form of substance use among doctoral students. Findings revealed that 34% of scholars smoked and 25% consumed smokeless tobacco daily and around 14% consumed alcohol at least once a week. Major significant correlates of substance consumption among scholars were found to be gender, religion, parental mortality, dissatisfaction with academic performance and stress about future career/employment. Significant variation in substance use patterns was observed among universities.Originality/valueThis study provides first-hand evidence on substance use patterns and the correlates among doctoral students in three Indian universities. Findings indicate the implementation of specific intervention programs for mental health and counselling for this section of students to prevent substance use addiction would be beneficial.

2D van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWH) have emerged as an attractive platform for the realization of optoelectronic synaptic devices, which are critical for energy‐efficient computing systems. Photogating induced by charge traps at the interfaces indeed results in ultrahigh responsivity and tunable photoconductance. Yet, optical potentiation and depression remain mostly modulated by gate bias, requiring relatively high energy inputs. Thus, advanced all‐optical synapse switching strategies are still needed. In this work, a reversible switching between positive photoconductivity (PPC) and negative photoconductivity (NPC) is achieved in graphene/WSe 2 vdWH solely through light‐intensity modulation. Consequently, the graphene/WSe 2 synaptic device shows tunable optical potentiation and depression behavior with an ultralow power consumption of 127 aJ. The study further unravels the complex interplay of gate bias and incident light power in determining the sign and magnitude of the photocurrent, showing the critical role of charge trapping and photogating at interfaces. Interestingly, it is found that switching between PPC to NPC can be also obtained at 0 mV drain‐source voltage. Overall, the reversible potentiation/depression effect based on light intensity modulation and its combination with additional gate bias tunability is very appealing for the development of energy‐efficient optical communications and neuromorphic computing.