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The short survival time of transplanted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is a problem for skin wound healing. Transplantation after the formation of cellular spheroids has been investigated as a promising method for prolonging cellular survival. However, there have been technical restrictions for transplantation of spheroids in clinical practice. Here, we show an effective method for transplantation of ASC spheroids onto skin wounds in order to efficiently cure refractory ulcers. To assist anchoring of spheroids onto skin wounds, we used a 120-nm-thick free-standing film (nanosheet) that has a highly adhesive property. Bioluminescence imaging showed that ASC spheroids carried by the nanosheet survived for 14 days, which is about two-times longer than that previously reported. Wounds treated with a nanosheet carrying ASC spheroids were 4-times smaller than untreated wounds on day 14. This method for transplantation of spheroids could be applied to cell therapy for various refractory skin wounds.

Mast cells are known to be involved in various types of tissue remodelling but their role in pulmonary hypertension is still poorly understood. Two subtypes of mast cells have recently been identified by demonstrating one protease, chymase. This enzyme might be implicated in vascular remodelling. The changes in mast cells in lung tissue from three patients with primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension were therefore investigated. Compared with tissue from four control subjects the number of mast cells in the three patients was markedly increased, which suggests that chymase containing mast cells are involved in tissue remodelling accompanied by fibrotic changes in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension.