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ABSTRACT In our effort to complete the census of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the immediate solar neighborhood, we present spectra, photometry, proper motions, and distance estimates for 42 low-mass star and brown dwarf candidates discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We also present additional follow-up information on 12 candidates selected using WISE data but previously published elsewhere. The new discoveries include 15 M dwarfs, 17 L dwarfs, five T dwarfs, and five objects of other types. Among these discoveries is a newly identified \"unusually red L dwarf\" (WISE J223527.07 + 451140.9), four peculiar L dwarfs whose spectra are most readily explained as unresolved L + T binary systems, and a T9 dwarf (WISE J124309.61 + 844547.8). We also show that the recently discovered red L dwarf WISEP J004701.06 + 680352.1 may be a low-gravity object and hence young and potentially low-mass (< 25 MJup).

In our effort to complete the census of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the immediate solar neighborhood, we present spectra, photometry, proper motions, and distance estimates for 42 low-mass star and brown dwarf candidates discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We also present additional follow-up information on 12 candidates selected usingWISEdata but previously published elsewhere. The new discoveries include 15 M dwarfs, 17 L dwarfs, five T dwarfs, and five objects of other types. Among these discoveries is a newly identified “unusually red L dwarf” (WISE J223527.07 + 451140.9 J 223527.07 + 451140.9 ), four peculiar L dwarfs whose spectra are most readily explained as unresolvedL + T L + T binary systems, and a T9 dwarf (WISE J124309.61 + 844547.8 J 124309.61 + 844547.8 ). We also show that the recently discovered red L dwarfWISEP J004701.06 + 680352.1 J 004701.06 + 680352.1 may be a low-gravity object and hence young and potentially low-mass (< 25 M Jup < 25     M Jup ).

In our effort to complete the census of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the immediate Solar Neighborhood, we present spectra, photometry, proper motions, and distance estimates for forty-two low-mass star and brown dwarf candidates discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We also present additional follow-up information on twelve candidates selected using WISE data but previously published elsewhere. The new discoveries include fifteen M dwarfs, seventeen L dwarfs, five T dwarfs, and five objects of other type. Among these discoveries is a newly identified \"unusually red L dwarf\" (WISE J223527.07+451140.9), four peculiar L dwarfs whose spectra are most readily explained as unresolved L+T binary systems, and a T9 dwarf (WISE J124309.61+844547.8). We also show that the recently discovered red L dwarf WISEP J004701.06+680352.1 (Gizis et al. 2012) may be a low-gravity object and hence young and potentially low mass (< 25 MJup).

Numerous clinical studies have established the debilitating neurocognitive side effects of chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer, often referred as chemobrain. We hypothesize that cognitive impairments are associated with elevated microglial inflammation in the brain. Thus, either elimination of microglia or restoration of microglial function could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. Using a rodent model of chronic Adriamycin (ADR) treatment, a commonly used breast cancer chemotherapy, we evaluated two strategies to ameliorate chemobrain: 1) microglia depletion using the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622 and 2) human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iMG)-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) treatment. In strategy 1 mice received ADR once weekly for 4 weeks and were then administered CSF1R inhibitor (PLX5622) starting 72 h post-ADR treatment. ADR-treated animals given a normal diet exhibited significant behavioral deficits and increased microglial activation 4–6 weeks later. PLX5622-treated mice exhibited no ADR-related cognitive deficits and near complete depletion of IBA-1 and CD68 + microglia in the brain. Cytokine and RNA sequencing analysis for inflammation pathways validated these findings. In strategy 2, 1 week after the last ADR treatment, mice received retro-orbital vein injections of iMG-EV (once weekly for 4 weeks) and 1 week later, mice underwent behavior testing. ADR-treated mice receiving EV showed nearly complete restoration of cognitive function and significant reductions in microglial activation as compared to untreated ADR mice. Our data demonstrate that ADR treatment elevates CNS inflammation that is linked to cognitive dysfunction and that attenuation of neuroinflammation reverses the adverse neurocognitive effects of chemotherapy.

Background. Long-lasting protection resulting from hepatitis vaccine, despite loss of antibody against hepatitis virus (HBV) surface antigen (anti-HBs), is undetermined. Methods. We recruited persons from a cohort vaccinated with plasma-derived hepatitis vaccine in 1981 who have been followed periodically since. We performed serological testing for anti-HBs and microRNA-155 and assessed HBV-specific T-cell responses by enzyme-linked immunospot and cytometric bead array. Study subgroups were defined 32 years after vaccination as having an anti-HBs level of either ≥ 10 mlU/mL (group 1; n= 13) or <10 mlU/mL (group 2; n = 31). Results. All 44 participants, regardless of anti-HBs level, tested positive for tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 10, or interleukin 6 production by HBV surface antigen-specific T cells. The frequency of natural killer T cells correlated with the level of anti-HBs (P = .008). The proportion of participants who demonstrated T-cell responses to HBV core antigen varied among the cytokines measured, suggesting some natural exposure to HBV in the study group. No participant had evidence of breakthrough HBV infection. Conclusions. Evidence of long-lasting cellular immunity, regardless of anti-HBs level, suggests that protection afforded by primary immunization with plasma-derived hepatitis vaccine during childhood and adulthood lasts at least 32 years.

In the North American longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem, the Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is a keystone species that has declined significantly over the last century. Habitat degradation and fragmentation may have caused G. polyphemus to become separated into small, isolated local populations that suffer from decreased genetic diversity or inbreeding depression. Here we use genome-scale methods to sequence thousands of loci for 336 G. polyphemus individuals from 11 sites across southern Alabama to estimate population genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity. We found a pattern of isolation by distance among samples, where geographic distance predicted genetic difference. Principal components and structure analyses supported the existence of three weak genetic populations comprising individuals from (1) Fred T. Stimpson State Game Sanctuary and Perdido Wildlife Management Area, (2) Conecuh National Forest and Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center, and (3) Geneva State Forest Wildlife Management Area. We did not observe strong variation in genetic diversity or effective population size metrics among sampling locations or genetic populations identified by population structure analyses. Our results suggest that G. polyphemus historically operated on larger geographic scales than those considered by contemporary mark-recapture studies. Absence of variation in population genetic metrics suggests that either effects of fragmentation have not manifested themselves, or that the effects are similar across all locations. Given the common use of translocations in Gopher Tortoise management, we provide a framework for tortoise translocations based on our genomic data.

A field study was conducted in the Mojave Desert (USA) to assess the influence of a large photo voltaic facility on heat and water transport into an adjacent creosote (Larrea tridentata) bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) plant community. Air temperature, plant physiological status, soil water in storage and precipitation were monitored over a two to four year period. A service road built 27 years before the construction of the PV facility decoupled the wash system at the site leading to a significant decline in soil moisture, canopy level NDVI values and mid-day leaf xylem water potentials (p < 0.001) down gradient from the PV facility. Measurements along a 900 m gradient suggested that plants closer to where the wash was decoupled were placed under significantly greater stress during the higher environmental demand summer months. Air temperatures measured at three 10 m meteorological towers revealed warmer night time temperatures at the two towers located in close association with the solar facility (Inside Facility—IF and Adjacent to facility—AF), compared to the Down Gradient Control tower (DGC). As the warmer air was displaced down gradient, the temperature front advanced into the creosote—bursage plant community with values 5 to 8 °C warmer along an east west front just north of tower AF. Based on our research in Eldorado Valley, NV, USA, a down gradient zone of about 300 m was impacted to the greatest extent (water and heat), suggesting that the spacing between solar facilities will be a critical factor in terms of preserving high quality habitat for the desert tortoise and other species of concern. Greater research is needed to identify habitat zones acceptable for animal populations (especially the desert tortoise) within areas of high solar energy development and this should be done prior to any fragmentation of the ecosystem.

Sexual harassment in the workplace has emerged in the past two decades as one of the most complex and emotional issues facing employers, employees, and human resource professionals today. In 1980, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) declared sexual harassment a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sexual harassment is unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that makes someone feel uncomfortable or unwelcome in the workplace by focusing attention on their gender instead of on their professional qualifications. A look at the past shows that, despite its explosion into the national consciousness with the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings, sexual harassment evolved as a workplace issue over the past quarter-century. An employer's obligations with regard to sexual harassment arise before any act of sexual harassment occurs. The EEOC requires all organizations with more than 15 employees to develop a sexual harassment policy, to make that policy public, and train employees in issues of sexual harassment.

Cites sexual harassment as one of the most complex and emotional issues facing the business community. Briefly defines sexual harassment and the circumstances in which it can occur. Looks at the evolution of sexual harassment politics and discusses some landmark case law. Outlines the obligations of employers and provides the guidelines of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Suggests that the best way to avoid potential litigation is to take the issue seriously.