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Trans and gender diverse (TGD) people are disproportionately criminalised and face unique vulnerabilities when interacting with the criminal legal system. However, very little is known about TGD people's experiences of criminalisation in Australia or the strategies TGD people and their advocates use to navigate the criminal legal system. Based on survey responses from TGD people with lived experience of criminalisation and lawyers with experience representing TGD clients, this article identifies several critical issues with the criminal legal system's treatment of TGD people and outlines the strategies TGD people and their representatives suggest to address these issues. On this basis, we argue that criminologists and criminal legal practitioners urgently need to interrogate and work towards ameliorating the criminal legal system's treatment of gender diversity. These insights will be crucial in informing future advocacy efforts and reform agendas, given that knowledge in this area is severely lacking.

Background Elder abuse often goes unreported and undetected. Older people may be ashamed, fearful, or otherwise reticent to disclose abuse, and many health providers are not confident in asking about it. In the No More Shame study, we will evaluate a co-designed, multi-component intervention that aims to improve health providers’ recognition, response, and referral of elder abuse. Methods This is a single-blinded, pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial. Ten subacute hospital sites (i.e. clusters) across Australia will be allocated 1:1, stratified by state to a multi-component intervention comprising a training programme for health providers, implementation of a screening tool and use of site champions, or no additional training or support. Outcomes will be collected at baseline, 4 and 9 months. Our co-primary outcomes are change in health providers’ knowledge of responding to elder abuse and older people’s sense of safety and quality of life. We will include all inpatients at participating sites, aged 65 + (or aged 50 + if Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander), who are able to provide informed consent and all unit staff who provide direct care to older people; a sample size of at least 92 health providers and 612 older people will provide sufficient power for primary analyses. Discussion This will be one of the first trials in the world to evaluate a multi-component elder abuse intervention. If successful, it will provide the most robust evidence base to date for health providers to draw on to create a safe environment for reporting, response, and referral. Trial registration ANZCTR, ACTRN12623000676617p . Registered 22 June 2023. Key points - Underreporting of elder abuse is significant due to barriers to disclosure. - Health providers may not feel confident in asking about or responding to elder abuse. - Hospital-based health providers are in a unique position to detect and respond to elder abuse. - We report our protocol for No More Shame , a pragmatic cluster randomised control trial that aims to train health providers to recognise and respond to elder abuse. - Our outcomes include health providers’ knowledge and management of elder abuse, older people’s quality of life and sense of safety, and rates of elder abuse detection and referrals at hospital sites.

Trans and gender diverse (TGD) people are disproportionately criminalised and face unique vulnerabilities when interacting with the criminal legal system. However, very little is known about TGD people's experiences of criminalisation in Australia or the strategies TGD people and their advocates use to navigate the criminal legal system. Based on survey responses from TGD people with lived experience of criminalisation and lawyers with experience representing TGD clients, this article identifies several critical issues with the criminal legal system's treatment of TGD people and outlines the strategies TGD people and their representatives suggest to address these issues. On this basis, we argue that criminologists and criminal legal practitioners urgently need to interrogate and work towards ameliorating the criminal legal system's treatment of gender diversity. These insights will be crucial in informing future advocacy efforts and reform agendas, given that knowledge in this area is severely lacking.

Background The MARS PETCARE BIOBANK™ (MPB) is a study recruiting pets visiting Mars Veterinary Health hospitals in the USA over a ten-year period, with the aim of analysing longitudinal data from thousands of otherwise healthy dogs and cats at their first presentation to identify novel and actionable pet health insights​. The present study summarises the baseline demographic, haematologic, and serum biochemistry data recorded for the first 2000 dogs enroled in the MPB study between March 2022 and December 2024 and considers how representative they are of the general population in the United States. Results The median enrolment age was 3.0 years (0.5–10.0 yrs). The population was 52% male and 48% female with approximately 84% of the population having undergone neutering by their initial study visit. The median enrolment body weight was 20.0 kg (2.5 – 71.5 kg) and the median body condition score was 5/9 (range 3–7). One hundred and twenty eight breeds were represented and 47% of the population were described as mixed breed. The median values for all serum biochemistry and complete blood count parameters were within the applicable reference interval. For certain analytes including serum glucose, amylase, cholesterol, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase, precision pancreatic lipase, platelet count, haematocrit, and haemoglobin more than 5% of dogs had results outside the reference intervals. On review only 0.25% of dogs were subsequently excluded from continuing the MPB study because the results were considered of clinical significance. Conclusions The MPB aims to enable research to deliver insights applicable to the general dog population accessing primary veterinary care in the USA, and recruits accordingly. These data suggest that the first 2,000 dogs recruited in the MPB are comparable in demographics to other studies of the US population. The number of blood test results falling outside of reference intervals (up to 17% depending on analyte), for dogs deemed by veterinarians to be healthy in the context of the clinical history and examination, raises questions around the definition of health and how reference intervals are used. Data gathered during the study is expected to provide valuable information to studies pertaining to genetic, metagenomic, metabolic, dietary, and environmental risk factors associated with early signals of transition to various common diseases.