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"Aref, Ahmed"
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Speed
Speed is an illustrated comic book about a young boy with extraordinary speed and a strong competitive spirit. Excited to prove himself, Speed prepares to enter a public arena where powerful contestants face off in a thrilling challenge. The story highlights imagination, courage, and enthusiasm, showing how excitement and determination drive the hero forward. With dynamic artwork and simple narration, the book offers an engaging adventure for young readers who enjoy action and hero-driven stories.
CHILDBOOK
Stem cells derived exosomes as biological nano carriers for VCR sulfate for treating breast cancer stem cells
Due to vincristine sulfate’s (VCR sulfate) toxicity and non-specific targeting, which might adversely damage healthy cells, its clinical application is restricted. In this study, we loaded VCR sulfate on exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance its targeted distribution. Exosomes are able to deliver molecules to specific cells and tissues and have therapeutic potential. In this study, we isolated exosomes from MSCs, and using probe-sonication approach loaded them with VCR sulfate. Using SRB assay, the cytotoxicity of VCR sulfate-Exo was assessed in T47D breast cancer cells, and the results were contrasted with those of free VCR sulfate. Then We labeled markers (CD44+/CD24−) in the cell line to assess the targeting effectiveness of VCR sulfate-Exo using flow cytometry. Our results showed that the cytotoxicity of VCR sulfate-Exo was nearly the same as that of VCR sulfate. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that VRC sulfate-Exo was more effectively targeted to MSCs than free VCR sulfate. Our study shows that loading VCR sulfate to MSCs-derived exosomes can improve their targeted delivery and lessen their side effects. Additional research is required to determine VCR sulfate-Exo’s in vivo effectiveness and safety and improve the loading and delivery strategies.
Journal Article
MiR-200c restoration inhibits FOXP3 and metastatic spread in breast cancer: evidence from in vitro and in vivo models
Background
Metastatic breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, often driven by molecular pathways that promote invasion and immune evasion. MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c) is a known tumor suppressor that inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while FOXP3, a transcription factor typically associated with regulatory T cells, is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer cells and may contribute to tumor progression. This study investigates whether targeting the miR-200c/FOXP3 axis can suppress metastasis in breast cancer.
Methods
Metastatic (MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-468) and non-metastatic (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines were transfected with miR-200c mimic or inhibitor. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were assessed using MTT, Annexin V/PI staining, and transwell assays. FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels were quantified using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. A metastatic mouse model was established via intracardiac injection of tumor cells, followed by treatment with miR-200c mimic, inhibitor, or Cisplatin.
Results
MiR-200c overexpression significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion and enhanced apoptosis in metastatic cells. FOXP3 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated in mimic-treated cells and tissues, while miR-200c inhibition led to increased FOXP3 expression. In vivo, miR-200c mimic treatment reduced tumor burden and metastatic infiltration in the brain and lungs. A strong inverse correlation between miR-200c and FOXP3 was observed (
r
= − 0.82,
p
< 0.01).
Conclusion
MiR-200c restoration inhibits FOXP3 and suppresses metastatic progression in breast cancer. Targeting the miR-200c/FOXP3 axis presents a novel and promising therapeutic approach for advanced breast cancer.
Journal Article
(L,⊙)-Fuzzy (K,E)-Soft Filter
In the present study, we preface the notion of the (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft filter and probe many of its characteristics. Using certain operations, we induce (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft topologies from (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft filters. Finally, we introduce the products of the (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft filters and (L,⊙)-fuzzy (K,E)-soft topologies on strictly two-sided commutative quantale lattices (L,⊙) and (L,∗).
Journal Article
The MiR-200c/FOXP3 Network: A Promising Biomarker for Predicting Trastuzumab Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Purpose: Resistance to Trastuzumab is a significant challenge in the management of HER2-positive Metastatic Breast cancer (HER2-MBC), and a better understanding of the molecular causes of resistance is required to develop more effective treatment plans. While elevated plasma levels of miR-200 and FOXP3 have been linked to breast cancer progression and treatment response, no clinical studies have confirmed these results. Methods: The study involved 40 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (HER2-MBC). The expression levels of miR-200c-3p and the FOXP3 gene were assessed in plasma samples at two time points: baseline (BL) and after the consent completion of one cycle of Trastuzumab, utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Clinical response to Trastuzumab was evaluated 12 months post-therapy and correlated with the time to progression (TTP) through Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Low plasma expression level of miR-200c-3p was detected before therapy in HER2-MBC, compared to healthy controls, and decreased dramatically in the follow-up sample at disease progression, while increased after one cycle of Trastuzumab therapy in patients who were sensitive to Trastuzumab. At baseline, a low expression level of miR-200c was significantly associated with overexpression of FOXP3, poor prognosis, and shorter time to progression. Conclusions: The findings suggest that miR-200c-3p may be a promising biomarker for predicting the response to Trastuzumab in HER2-MBC patients.
Journal Article
Azadirachta indica Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress
We investigated the effects of methanolic leaves extract of Azadirachta indica (MLEN, 500 mg/kg bwt) on cisplatin- (CP-) induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. CP (5 mg/kg bwt) was injected intraperitoneally and MLEN was given by gastric gavage for 5 days before or after CP injection. After 5 days of CP injection, CP-induced injury of the renal tissue was evidenced (i) as histopathological damage of the renal tissue, (ii) as increases in serum uric acid, urea, and creatinine, (iii) as increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), (iv) as decreases in the level of glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase, and (v) as increase in the expression of nuclear factor kappa B and apoptosis in kidney tissues. However, the oral administration of MLEN to CP-intoxicated rats for 5 days brought back MDA, NO production, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants to near normalcy. Moreover, the histological observations evidenced that neem extract effectively rescues the kidney from CP-mediated oxidative damage. Furthermore, PCR results for caspase-3 and caspase-9 and Bax genes showed downregulation in MLEN treated groups. Therefore, Azadirachta indica can be considered a potential candidate for protection of nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin.
Journal Article
Developing a Model for Safety Risk Assessment under Uncertainty for the Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study of Pole Factory Hazards in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Many occupational injuries occur in the manufacturing industry due to hazardous events. The available studies and statistics on occupational safety in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia demonstrate the need for improving the work environment by introducing effective techniques for analyzing and assessing safety risks to control the most hazardous events. This study aims to develop a general model for assessing safety risks by integrating Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and fuzzy set theory (FST) to overcome the uncertainty and unavailability of data on the severity and likelihood of hazards. MCS uses the ModelRisk software for modeling hazards that exhibit randomness and uncertainty and have historical data. In contrast, FST uses a Matlab code to assess expert judgment about hazards featuring epistemic uncertainty or unavailable historical data. The Al-Babtain Pole Factory in Riyadh was selected as a case study in the manufacturing environment to prove the applicability and effectiveness of the developed model. From the 371 hazards identified using the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001, only five were analyzed using the two model techniques. The likelihood and severity of these five hazards were collected and analyzed to obtain the risk levels. A list of hazards and their processing priorities were then produced. According to the risk values calculated using both techniques, Hazard5 was found to be the most hazardous event, followed by Hazard1. The results of the proposed model demonstrated the distributions, statistics, percentiles, and risk limits for the selected hazards. These outputs support decision-making and increase the effectiveness and flexibility of safety risk assessments, which means that the proposed model is reliable and applicable for SRA under uncertainty and data unavailability in the manufacturing industry.
Journal Article
Evaluation of Expressed MicroRNAs as Prospective Biomarkers for Detection of Breast Cancer
Background: Early detection and screening of breast cancer (BC) might help improve the prognosis of BC patients. This study evaluated the use of serum microRNAs (miRs) as non-invasive biomarkers in BC patients. Methods: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we evaluated the serum expression of four candidate miRs (miR-155, miR-373, miR-10b, and miR-34a) in 99 Egyptian BC patients and 40 healthy subjects (as a control). The miRs expression was correlated with clinicopathological data. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the miRs were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Serum miR-155, miR-373, and miR-10b expression were significantly upregulated (p < 0.001), while serum miR-34a was downregulated (p < 0.00) in nonmetastatic (M0) BC patients compared to the control group. In addition, serum miR-155 and miR-10b were upregulated in BC patients with large tumor sizes and extensive nodal involvement (p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve = 1.0) when the four miRs were combined. Serum miR-373 was significantly upregulated in the human epidermal growth factor 2–negative (p < 0.001), estrogen receptor–positive (p < 0.005), and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (p < 0.024) in BC patients, and serum miR-155 was significantly upregulated in PR-negative (p < 0.001) BC patients while both serum miR-155 and miR-373 were positively correlated with the tumor grade. Conclusions: Circulating serum miR-155, miR-373, miR-10b, and miR-34a are potential biomarkers for early BC detection in Egyptian patients and their combination shows high sensitivity and specificity.
Journal Article
The Potential Protective Effect of Physalis peruviana L. against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Is Mediated by Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Downregulation of MMP-9 Expression
The active constituent profile in Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) juice was determined by GC-MS. Quercetin and kaempferol were active components in the juice. In this study we have evaluated its potential protective effect on hepatic injury and fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty-eight rats divided into 4 groups: Group I served as control group, and Group II received weekly i.p. injection of 2 mL CCl4/kg bwt for 12 weeks. Group III were supplemented with Physalis juice via the drinking water. The animals of Group IV received Physalis juice as Group III and also were intraperitoneally injected weekly with 2 mL CCl4/kg bwt for 12 weeks. Hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by improvement in liver enzymes serum levels, reduction in collagen areas, downregulation in expression of the fibrotic marker MMP-9, reduction in the peroxidative marker malonaldehyde and the inflammatory marker nitric oxide, and restoration of the activity of antioxidant enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, namely, glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities. The results show that the potential hepatoprotective effects of Physalis peruviana may be due to physalis acts by promotion of processes that restore hepatolobular architecture and through the inhibition of oxidative stress pathway.
Journal Article
A novel method for the preparation of silver/chitosan-O-methoxy polyethylene glycol core shell nanoparticles
Uniformly sized silver/chitosan-
O
-methoxy polyethylene glycol (chitosan-
O
-MPEG) core shell nanoparticles with different degree of substitution were synthesized. Thus,
N
-phthaloyl chitosan is reacted with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether iodide in the presence of silver oxide by the following steps. At first, amino groups of chitosan are protected by fourfold excess of phthalic anhydride. Then
N
-phthaloyl chitosan is reacted with an appropriate amount of monomethyl ether iodide in the presence of silver oxide and lastly
N
-phthaloyl groups are removed to yield silver/chitosan-
O
-MPEG core shell nanoparticles. Structure of prepared silver/chitosan-
O
-MPEG core shell nanoparticles have been characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, and scan electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). Experimental results revealed that the prepared silver core particles had the size 18 ± 2 nm. Core shell structure with chitosan-
O
-MPEG-coating had the size 40 ± 2 nm.
Journal Article