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Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de tuberculosis (TB) infantil y los factores socio-demográficos asociados a esta población en el municipio de Armenia (Colombia). Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo en el cual se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de TB menores de 14 años que fueron notificados al programa de TB en el municipio de Armenia y que iniciaron esquema de Tratamiento Acortado Estrictamente Supervisado (TAES) entre el 2000-2009. Resultados Se notificaron un total de 58 casos de TB, el mayor número de casos ocurrió en el 2009 (12 casos) seguido del 2008 (8 casos) y 2006 (7 casos) respectivamente, representando una elevada tasa de prevalencia (16,6 casos/100 000 habitantes). Las formas pulmonares tuvieron mayor proporción con 74 %, de las cuales 34 % fueron positivas a la baciloscopia (BK). El nexo epidemiológico se configuró en el 21 % de los enfermos. En cuanto al egreso del programa de control de la TB el 5 % de los pacientes finalizó con criterio de curado, 17 % terminado, 4 % transferidos, 7 % fallecidos y en el 67 % de los casos se desconoció el resultado del tratamiento. Conclusión La TB representa en la actualidad una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. Dada la buena cobertura de vacunación con BCG y que la mayoría de casos son pulmonares en este municipio, la alta tasa de casos de TB infantil estaría indicando fallas en la oportunidad para interrumpir transmisión reciente a partir de casos bacilíferos. Palabras Clave: Tuberculosis, vacuna BCG, tuberculosis latente, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). Objective To determine the childhood tuberculosis prevalence and its socio-demographics factors associated to this population in Armenia (Colombia). Methodology A retrospective-descriptive study was carried out; TB patients under the age of 14 years were included and notified to the TB control program in Armenia, those who started a Directly Observed Treatment Supervised (DOTS) scheme among from 2000 to 2009 years. Results 58 TB cases were described, most cases have occurred in 2009 (12 cases) followed by the 2008 (8 cases) and 2006 (7 cases) respectively. Thus, Armenia has a high rate of prevalence (16.6 cases/100 000 inhabitants). Pulmonary forms had greater proportion with 74 %, of which 34 % were positive to sputum examination revealed Acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Epidemiological link allowed confirmation of 21 % of cases. TB treatment cohort revealed that 5 % of patients were cured, finished 17 %, transferred 4 %, dead 7% and in 67 % of cases the results were not documented. Conclusion Nowadays TB still an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The good BCG vaccine covertures and the high prevalence of pulmonary forms in childhood TB indicates that the most plausible explanation for this high prevalence is a failure in early detection of bacilli positive patients to cut recent transmission in this municipality. Key Words: Tuberculosis, BCG vaccine, latent tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (source: MeSH, NLM).

Objetivo Evaluar el conocimiento en el uso de Medicamentos de Uso Veterinario (MUV) de los productores ganaderos y personal involucrado en Bogotá y municipios aledaños. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a través de entrevistas a operarios y productores ganaderos de una muestra de 30 hatos lecheros localizados en 15 municipios cerca de Bogotá, Cundinamarca. Resultados Se identificó la implementación de prácticas para la administración de MUV, incluyendo parámetros que influencian su administración y conocimientos en las personas que los prescriben y administran. Se encontró que los medicamentos de mayor frecuencia fueron los antimicrobianos con 60,7%, entre los cuales se destaca el uso de penicilina y oxitetraciclina. Los MUV inyectables (parenterales) fueron las formas más frecuentes de aplicación con un 64,7%. Se identificaron 251 MUV en los hatos lecheros, de los cuales el 81,3% están compuestos por principios activos que requieren tiempo de retiro en leche y carne. Se destaca el rol del mayordomo en el cuidado animal a nivel diagnóstico y administración del tratamiento. Conclusión El presente estudio sugiere que el uso de MUV es implementado empíricamente en producciones lecheras y podría contribuir a mediano y largo plazo a la emergencia de cepas con resistencia a MUV.

Societal Impact Statement Colombia is a “megadiverse” country with vast natural resources. A history of recent conflict means that information is only now being collected on the natural capital of regions that were previously unexplored. Better access to data, tools, and expertise is required for evidence‐supported decisions on the conservation of these resources. The development of a bespoke cyberinfrastructure could help fulfill this need by providing access to digital resources in a collaborative cyberenvironment. We outline key priorities and develop a reference framework for building cyberinfrastructure in Colombia. This framework could be applied to other fields and countries to promote knowledge exchange, scientific innovation, and socioeconomic growth. Colombia is a “megadiverse” country with vast natural resources. A history of recent conflict means that information is only now being collected on the natural capital of regions that were previously unexplored. Better access to data, tools, and expertise is required for evidence‐supported decisions on the conservation of these resources. The development of a bespoke cyberinfrastructure could help fulfill this need by providing access to digital resources in a collaborative cyberenvironment. We outline key priorities and develop a reference framework for building cyberinfrastructure in Colombia. This framework could be applied to other fields and countries to promote knowledge exchange, scientific innovation, and socioeconomic growth.

To determine the childhood tuberculosis prevalence and its socio-demographics factors associated to this population in Armenia (Colombia). Methodology A retrospective-descriptive study was carried out; TB patients under the age of 14 years were included and notified to the TB control program in Armenia, those who started a Directly Observed Treatment Supervised (DOTS) scheme among from 2000 to 2009 years. 58 TB cases were described, most cases have occurred in 2009 (12 cases) followed by the 2008 (8 cases) and 2006 (7 cases) respectively. Thus, Armenia has a high rate of prevalence (16.6 cases/100 000 inhabitants). Pulmonary forms had greater proportion with 74 %, of which 34 % were positive to sputum examination revealed Acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Epidemiological link allowed confirmation of 21 % of cases. TB treatment cohort revealed that 5 % of patients were cured, finished 17 %, transferred 4 %, dead 7% and in 67 % of cases the results were not documented. Nowadays TB still an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The good BCG vaccine covertures and the high prevalence of pulmonary forms in childhood TB indicates that the most plausible explanation for this high prevalence is a failure in early detection of bacilli positive patients to cut recent transmission in this municipality.

Here, we characterized the structure of the two-component regulatory system, LisR/LisK, in Listeria monocytogenes. To predict the structure of both proteins and the relationship between them, we employed several bioinformatic tools and databases. Based on our results, LisK protein is embedded in the cell membrane and its modular composition (HAMP, histidine kinase and ATPase domains) is associated with its autophosphorylation (His-266). A stimulus-response likely determines the sequential signal propagation from the bacterial cell surface to its cytoplasmic components. According to our results, LisR is a cytoplasmic protein with a receptor domain (homologous to CheY) that comprises a phosphoacceptor residue (Asp-52) and a DNA-binding domain, which may allow the transmission of a specific transcriptional response. LisR/LisK has been experimentally characterized both biochemically and functionally in other Bacilli pathophysiology; our structure-function approach may facilitate the design of suitable inhibitors