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The DsTau(NA65) experiment at CERN was proposed to measure an inclusive differential cross-section of D s production with decay to tau lepton and tau neutrino in p – A interactions. The DsTau detector is based on the nuclear emulsion technique, which provides excellent spatial resolution for detecting short-lived particles like charmed hadrons. This paper presents the first results of the analysis of the pilot-run (2018 run) data and reports the accuracy of the proton interaction vertex reconstruction. High precision in vertex reconstruction enables detailed measurement of proton interactions, even in environments with high track density. The measured data has been compared with several Monte Carlo event generators in terms of multiplicity and angular distribution of charged particles. The multiplicity distribution obtained in p–W interactions is tested for KNO-G scaling and is found to be nearly consistent. The interaction length of protons in tungsten is measured to be 93.7 ± 2.6 mm . The results presented in this study can be used to validate event generators of p – A interactions.

Mountain glaciers form landscapes with U-shaped valleys, roche moutonées and overdeepenings through bedrock erosion. However, little evidence for active glacial carving has been provided particularly for areas above the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) where glaciers originate. This is mainly due to our lack of information about the shape of the bedrock underneath active glaciers in highly elevated areas. In the past years, the bedrock morphology underneath active glaciers has been studied by geophysical methods in order to infer the subglacial mechanisms of bedrock erosion. However, these comprise surveys on the glaciers’ surface, from where it has been difficult to investigate the lateral boundary between the ice and the bedrock with sufficient resolution. Here we perform a muon-radiographic inspection of the Eiger glacier (Switzerland, European Alps) with the aid of cosmic-ray muon attenuation. We find a reach (600 × 300 m) within the accumulation area where strong lateral glacial erosion has cut nearly vertically into the underlying bedrock. This suggests that the Eiger glacier has profoundly sculpted its bedrock in its accumulation area. This also reveals that the cosmic-ray muon radiography is an ideal technology to reconstruct the shape of the bedrock underneath an active glacier.

Learning achievement is one indicator in determining the success of an educational institution, student learning achievement consists of three aspects, namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. The student has unique and distinctive characteristics in behaving as well as in the learning process. A good learning process will result in a good learning achievement as well. Learning achievement is a proof of the success of learning or ability of a person in doing learning activities in accordance with the weight achieved. Many factors that affect learning achievement one of them is the student's personality. Personality can affect student achievement level. This study uses a descriptive correlative design that aims to determine the relationship between the personality with student achievement. The sample in this study amounted to 234 students of the Faculty of Nursing USU, with the approach of proportionate stratified random sampling. Chi-square test results obtained a relationship of personality with student achievement with p-value value of 0.043. Furthermore, the test statistic nonparametric test sperman rho that produces strength correlation relationship of the personality variable to the achievement index of -0.050. The suggestion for further research is to include other variables that influence academic achievement such as interest, motivation, lecturer and teaching method and environmental factors so that can be seen the influence of these variables.

The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) neutrino experiment measures neutrino oscillations by using an almost pure muon neutrino beam produced at the J-PARC accelerator facility. The T2K muon monitor was installed to measure the direction and stability of the muon beam which is produced in conjunction with the muon neutrino beam. The systematic error in the muon beam direction measurement was estimated, using data and MC simulation, to be 0.28 mrad. During beam operation, the proton beam has been controlled using measurements from the muon monitor and the direction of the neutrino beam has been tuned to within 0.3 mrad with respect to the designed beam-axis. In order to understand the muon beam properties, measurement of the absolute muon yield at the muon monitor was conducted with an emulsion detector. The number of muon tracks was measured to be $(4.06\\pm 0.05\\pm 0.10)\\times 10^4$cm$^{-2}$ normalized with $4\\times 10^{11}$ protons on target with 250 kA horn operation. The result is in agreement with the prediction, which is corrected based on hadron production data.

Behavior changes in diabetic patients are needed in the management of the disease to achieve the maintaning of blood glucose levels within normal limits. Self-efficacy of the patients will influence in making decisions about their behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tuntungan Primary Health Care (PHC) in Medan city. The study population was all patients with type 2 diabetes who came and control to Tuntungan PHC in Medan city. The samples were consecutive sampling about 83 patients who meet the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire. Data analysis used Chi-Square test. The results showed the self-efficacy of many patients in Tuntungan PHC was in the less category as many as 66 people (79.5%). While in general, the quality of life of patients is in a good category as M7 as 64 people (77.1%). Chi-square test results are known there is a relationship between self-efficacy with the quality of life DM Type 2 patients in Tuntungan PHC Medan. Appropriate and continuing education is needed to improve self-efficacy from diabetic patients.

The endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) strictly controls immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS). In neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, this tight control is, however, disturbed, leading to immune cell infiltration into the CNS. The development of in vitro models of the BBB combined with microfluidic devices has advanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the multistep T-cell extravasation across the BBB. A major bottleneck of these in vitro studies is the absence of a robust and automated pipeline suitable for analyzing and quantifying the sequential interaction steps of different immune cell subsets with the BBB under physiological flow in vitro. Here, we present the under-flow migration tracker ( UFM Track) framework for studying immune cell interactions with endothelial monolayers under physiological flow. We then showcase a pipeline built based on it to study the entire multistep extravasation cascade of immune cells across brain microvascular endothelial cells under physiological flow in vitro. UFM Track achieves 90% track reconstruction efficiency and allows for scaling due to the reduction of the analysis cost and by eliminating experimenter bias. This allowed for an in-depth analysis of all behavioral regimes involved in the multistep immune cell extravasation cascade. The study summarizes how UFM Track can be employed to delineate the interactions of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells with the BBB under physiological flow. We also demonstrate its applicability to the other BBB models, showcasing broader applicability of the developed framework to a range of immune cell-endothelial monolayer interaction studies. The UFM Track framework along with the generated datasets is publicly available in the corresponding repositories.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of complication chronic of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of duration and lipid profile (dyslipidemia) on the prevalence of DR complications in patients with type 2 DM in Medan. This research is a cross-sectional study. The population was typed 2 DM patients at primary care in Medan with sample of 89 patients. The research data are primary, assessment of lipid profile by taken venous blood and examination by the Enzymatic Colorimetric method, while the determination of DR complications using indirect fundoscopy. Data were processed with SPSS with Independent T-test analysis. The results showed the duration of illness and triglyceride levels had a strong relationship with DR in type 2 DM patients (p <0.05), while total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C levels had a weak relationship (p> 0.05).

Knowledge about muon tomography has spread in recent years in the geoscientific community and several collaborations between geologists and physicists have been founded. As the data analysis is still mostly done by particle physicists, much of the know-how is concentrated in particle physics and specialised geophysics institutes. SMAUG (Simulation for Muons and their Applications UnderGround), a toolbox consisting of several modules that cover the various aspects of data analysis in a muon tomographic experiment, aims at providing access to a structured data analysis framework. The goal of this contribution is to make muon tomography more accessible to a broader geoscientific audience. In this study, we show how a comprehensive geophysical model can be built from basic physics equations. The emerging uncertainties are dealt with by a probabilistic formulation of the inverse problem, which is finally solved by a Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm. Finally, we benchmark the SMAUG results against those of a recent study, which, however, have been established with an approach that is not easily accessible to the geoscientific community. We show that they reach identical results with the same level of accuracy and precision.

Street children are the children who spend most of their time to earn for money or work at the streets and other public places. Consequently, the street children’s eating habit is not regular and it will lead to irregular food consumption pattern. Eating pattern influences one’s nutritional status. The objective of this research was to discover the correlation between food consumption pattern and nutritional status among street children in Shelter Home, Medan Maimun Sub-district. This is a quantitative research with descriptive correlational approach. The population was all street children in the shelter home, Medan Maimun Sub-district i.e. 51 children. The results of the research demonstrated that there was a positive and significant correlation between food consumption pattern and nutritional status of street children in the shelter home, Medan. Street children in shelter home, Medan mostly have poor food consumption patterns and very poor nutritional status categories. Therefore, it is expected that No-governmental Organizations such as KOPA provide socializations or counselling to the families of the street children about food consumption patterns and nutritional status so that they will have understanding of nutritious food and healthy eating pattern.

In recent years, the use of radiographic inspection with cosmic-ray muons has spread into multiple research and industrial fields. This technique is based on the high-penetration power of cosmogenic muons. Specifically, it allows the resolution of internal density structures of large-scale geological objects through precise measurements of the muon absorption rate. So far, in many previous works, this muon absorption rate has been considered to depend solely on the density of traversed material (under the assumption of a standard rock) but the variation in chemical composition has not been taken seriously into account. However, from our experience with muon tomography in Alpine environments, we find that this assumption causes a substantial bias in the muon flux calculation, particularly where the target consists of high Z2∕A rocks (like basalts and limestones) and where the material thickness exceeds 300 m. In this paper, we derive an energy loss equation for different minerals and we additionally derive a related equation for mineral assemblages that can be used for any rock type on which mineralogical data are available. Thus, for muon tomography experiments in which high Z2∕A rock thicknesses can be expected, it is advisable to plan an accompanying geological field campaign to determine a realistic rock model.