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The COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Implications for People With Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) global pandemic has already had an unprecedented impact on populations around the world, and is anticipated to have a disproportionate burden on people with schizophrenia and related disorders. We discuss the implications of the COVID-19 global pandemic with respect to: (1) increased risk of infection and poor outcomes among people with schizophrenia, (2) anticipated adverse mental health consequences for people with schizophrenia, (3) considerations for mental health service delivery in inpatient and outpatient settings, and (4) potential impact on clinical research in schizophrenia. Recommendations emphasize rapid implementation of measures to both decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission and maintain continuity of clinical care and research to preserve safety of both people with schizophrenia and the public.
Journal Article
كتاب أرسطو : فن الشعر = On the art of poetry : ملحق به أوثق ترجمة إنجليزية للعلامة إنجرام باى ووتر
يتناول كتاب (كتاب أرسطو : فن الشعر) والذي قام بترجمة إبراهيم حمادة في حوالي (312، 84) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (الشعر) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : المدخل إلى كتاب فن الشعر لأرسطو، أرسطو الرجل، أرسطو المؤلف، العالم الناقد، الجزء الأول بعنوان بعض الحقائق والأسس الأولية، المحاكاة وفنونها، الاختلاف في مواد المحاكاة، الفرق بين الشاعر والناظم، الجزء الثاني بعنوان التراجيديا، التراجيديا تعريفا وأجزاء كيفية، الحبكة والشخصية، الفكر والشخصية، الجزء الثالث بعنوان الشعر الملحمي، الملحمة، أنواع الملاحم وخصائصها، الموازنه بين الملحمة والتراجيديا.
BOOK
A review of structural neuroimaging in schizophrenia: from connectivity to connectomics
In patients with schizophrenia neuroimaging studies have revealed global differences with some brain regions showing focal abnormalities. Examining neurocircuitry, diffusion-weighted imaging studies have identified altered structural integrity of white matter in frontal and temporal brain regions and tracts such as the cingulum bundles, uncinate fasciculi, internal capsules and corpus callosum associated with the illness. Furthermore, structural co-variance analyses have revealed altered structural relationships among regional morphology in the thalamus, frontal, temporal and parietal cortices in schizophrenia patients. The distributed nature of these abnormalities in schizophrenia suggests that multiple brain circuits are impaired, a neural feature that may be better addressed with network level analyses. However, even with the advent of these newer analyses, a large amount of variability in findings remains, likely partially due to the considerable heterogeneity present in this disorder.
Journal Article
Modeling and prediction of clinical symptom trajectories in Alzheimer’s disease using longitudinal data
Computational models predicting symptomatic progression at the individual level can be highly beneficial for early intervention and treatment planning for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individual prognosis is complicated by many factors including the definition of the prediction objective itself. In this work, we present a computational framework comprising machine-learning techniques for 1) modeling symptom trajectories and 2) prediction of symptom trajectories using multimodal and longitudinal data. We perform primary analyses on three cohorts from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), and a replication analysis using subjects from Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL). We model the prototypical symptom trajectory classes using clinical assessment scores from mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-13) at nine timepoints spanned over six years based on a hierarchical clustering approach. Subsequently we predict these trajectory classes for a given subject using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, genetic, and clinical variables from two timepoints (baseline + follow-up). For prediction, we present a longitudinal Siamese neural-network (LSN) with novel architectural modules for combining multimodal data from two timepoints. The trajectory modeling yields two (stable and decline) and three (stable, slow-decline, fast-decline) trajectory classes for MMSE and ADAS-13 assessments, respectively. For the predictive tasks, LSN offers highly accurate performance with 0.900 accuracy and 0.968 AUC for binary MMSE task and 0.760 accuracy for 3-way ADAS-13 task on ADNI datasets, as well as, 0.724 accuracy and 0.883 AUC for binary MMSE task on replication AIBL dataset.
Journal Article
The mystical as political : democracy and non-radical Orthodoxy
Theosis, or the principle of divine-human communion, sparks the theological imagination of Orthodox Christians and has been historically important to questions of political theology. In The Mystical as Political: Democracy and Non-Radical Orthodoxy, Aristotle Papanikolaou argues that a political theology grounded in the principle of divine-human communion must be one that unequivocally endorses a political community that is democratic in a way that structures itself around the modern liberal principles of freedom of religion, the protection of human rights, and church-state separation. Papanikolaou hopes to forge a non-radical Orthodox political theology that extends beyond a reflexive opposition to the West and a nostalgic return to a Byzantine-like unified political-religious culture. His exploration is prompted by two trends: the fall of communism in traditionally Orthodox countries has revealed an unpreparedness on the part of Orthodox Christianity to address the question of political theology in a way that is consistent with its core axiom of theosis; and recent Christian political theology, some of it evoking the notion of “deification,” has been critical of liberal democracy, implying a mutual incompatibility between a Christian worldview and that of modern liberal democracy. The first comprehensive treatment from an Orthodox theological perspective of the issue of the compatibility between Orthodoxy and liberal democracy, Papanikolaou’s is an affirmation that Orthodox support for liberal forms of democracy is justified within the framework of Orthodox understandings of God and the human person. His overtly theological approach shows that the basic principles of liberal democracy are not tied exclusively to the language and categories of Enlightenment philosophy and, so, are not inherently secular.
eBook
Connectivity between default mode and frontoparietal networks mediates the association between global amyloid‐β and episodic memory
Βeta‐amyloid (Aβ) is a neurotoxic protein that deposits early in the pathogenesis of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to identify network connectivity that may alter the negative effect of Aβ on cognition. Following assessment of memory performance, resting‐state fMRI, and mean cortical PET‐Aβ, a total of 364 older adults (286 with clinical dementia rating [CDR‐0], 59 with CDR‐0.5 and 19 with CDR‐1, mean age: 74.0 ± 6.4 years) from the OASIS‐3 sample were included in the analysis. Across all participants, a partial least squares regression showed that lower connectivity between posterior medial default mode and frontoparietal networks, higher within‐default mode, and higher visual–motor connectivity predict better episodic memory. These connectivities partially mediate the effect of Aβ on episodic memory. These results suggest that connectivity strength between the precuneus cortex and the superior frontal gyri may alter the negative effect of Aβ on episodic memory. In contrast, education was associated with different functional connectivity patterns. In conclusion, functional characteristics of specific brain networks may help identify amyloid‐positive individuals with a higher likelihood of memory decline, with implications for AD clinical trials.
Zhukovsky et al. show that connectivity of the posterior medial default mode network with frontoparietal areas mediates the relationship between amyloid‐beta levels and episodic memory. In contrast, education was associated with different functional connectivity patterns.
Journal Article