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Water scarcity in semi-arid/arid regions is driving the use of salt water in mining operations. A consequence of this shift, is the potentially unheeded effect upon Mine Tailing (MT) management. With existing stabilization/solidification methodologies exhibiting vulnerability to MT toxicity and salinity effects, it is essential to explore the scope for more environmentally durable sustainable alternatives under these conditions. Within this study we investigate the effects of salinity (NaCl, 0–2.5 M) and temperatures associated with arid regions (25 °C, 40 °C), on Locust Bean Gum (LB) biopolymer stabilization of MT exemplar and sand (control) soil systems. A cross-disciplinary ‘micro to macro’ pipeline is employed, from a Membrane Enabled Bio-mineral Affinity Screen (MEBAS), to Mineral Binding Characterisation (MBC), leading finally to Geotechnical Verification (GV). As predicted by higher Fe 2 O 3 LB binding affinity in saline in the MEBAS studies, LB with 1.25 M NaCl, results in the greatest soil strength in the MT exemplar after 7 days of curing at 40 °C. Under these most challenging conditions for other soil strengthening systems, an overall UCS peak of 5033 kPa is achieved. MBC shows the critical and direct relationship between Fe 2 O 3 -LB in saltwater to be ‘high-affinity’ at the molecular level and ‘high-strength’ achieved at the geotechnical level. This is attributed to biopolymer binding group’s increased availability, with their ‘salting-in’ as NaCl concentrations rises to 1.25 M and then ‘salting-out’ at higher concentrations. This study highlights the potential of biopolymers as robust, sustainable, soil stabilization additives in challenging environments.

Sustainable biopolymer additives offer a promising soil stabilisation methodology, with a strong potential to be tuned to soil’s specific nature, allowing the tailoring of mechanical properties for a range of geotechnical applications. However, the biopolymer chemical characteristics driving soil mechanical property modifications have yet to be fully established. Within this study we employ a cross-scale approach, utilising the differing galactose:mannose (G:M) ratios of various Galactomannan biopolymers (Guar Gum G:M 1:2, Locust Bean Gum G:M 1:4, Cassia Gum G:M 1:5) to investigate the effect of microscale chemical functionality upon macroscale soil mechanical properties. Molecular weight effects are also investigated, utilising Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC). Soil systems comprising of SiO2 (100%) (SiO2) and a Mine Tailing (MT) exemplar composed of SiO2 (90%) + Fe2O3 (10%) (SiO2 + Fe) are investigated. The critical importance of biopolymer additive chemical functionality for the resultant soil mechanical properties, is demonstrated..For Galactomannan G:M 1:5 stabilised soils the ‘high-affinity, high-strength’, mannose-Fe interactions at the microscale (confirmed by mineral binding characterisation) are attributed to the 297% increase in the SiO2 + Fe systems Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), relative to SiO2 only. Conversely for SiO2 Galactomannan-stabilised soils, when increasing the G:M ratio from 1:2 to 1:5, a 85% reduction in UCS is observed, attributed to mannose’s inability to interact with SiO2. UCS variations of up to a factor of 12 were observed across the biopolymer–soil mixes studied, in line with theoretically and experimentally expected values, due to the differences in the G:M ratios. The limited impact of molecular weight upon soil strength properties is also shown in CMC-stabilised soils. When considering a soil’s stiffness and energy absorbance, the importance of biopolymer–biopolymer interaction strength and quantity is discussed, further deciphering biopolymer characteristics driving soil property modifications. This study highlights the importance of biopolymer chemistry for biopolymer stabilisation studies, illustrating the use of simple low-cost, accessible chemistry-based instrumental tools and outlining key design principles for the tailoring of biopolymer–soil composites for specific geotechnical applications.

To explore associations of recent moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise (MVAE) participation and lifetime mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history with measures of brain gray matter volumes among military service members and Veterans (SMVs). Participants (n = 1,340; aged 41.3 ± 10.3 years; 13% female) were SMV's who participated in the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Prospective Longitudinal Study (LIMBIC-CENC PLS). MVAE participation was self-reported via the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and categorized according to current MVAE recommendations (Inactive, Insufficiently Active, Active, and Highly Active). Lifetime mTBI history was queried via validated structured interview and categorized as 0 mTBI, 1-2 mTBIs, 3 + mTBIs. Structural MRI (T1- and T2-weighted images) were used to measure gray matter volumetrics: ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR); bilateral volumes of the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, cingulate, hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus regions. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to test associations of MVAE participation, mTBI history, and their interaction on each of the volumetric outcomes while controlling for age, sex, education attainment, and PTSD symptoms. Effects were considered statistically significant if the corresponding unstandardized beta (B) and 95% CI did not include 0. Regarding main effects, participants in the Inactive MVAE group had significantly larger VBR values (worse outcome) than those in the Insufficiently Active group (B[95%CI] = -0.137[-0.260, -0.014]). Interaction effects showed participants with no lifetime mTBIs in the Highly Active group had larger VBR values (worse outcome) when compared to those in the Inactive and Insufficiently Active groups. SMVs with 3 + lifetime mTBIs who were Highly Active also had smaller VBR values (better outcome) when compared to Highly Active SMVs with fewer lifetime mTBIs. There were no other statistically significant differences for MVAE participation, mTBI history, or their interactions. History of one or more lifetime mTBIs was not associated with measures of brain gray matter volumes, suggesting that declines in structural brain health are not expected for the most SMVs with mTBI(s). Although MVAE may benefit brain health, a positive association between self-reported MVAE participation and gray matter volumes was not observed.

ObjectivesTo explore associations of recent moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise (MVAE) participation and lifetime mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history with measures of brain gray matter volumes among military service members and Veterans (SMVs).MethodsParticipants (n = 1,340; aged 41.3 ± 10.3 years; 13% female) were SMV's who participated in the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Prospective Longitudinal Study (LIMBIC-CENC PLS). MVAE participation was self-reported via the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and categorized according to current MVAE recommendations (Inactive, Insufficiently Active, Active, and Highly Active). Lifetime mTBI history was queried via validated structured interview and categorized as 0 mTBI, 1-2 mTBIs, 3 + mTBIs. Structural MRI (T1- and T2-weighted images) were used to measure gray matter volumetrics: ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR); bilateral volumes of the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, cingulate, hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus regions. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to test associations of MVAE participation, mTBI history, and their interaction on each of the volumetric outcomes while controlling for age, sex, education attainment, and PTSD symptoms. Effects were considered statistically significant if the corresponding unstandardized beta (B) and 95% CI did not include 0.ResultsRegarding main effects, participants in the Inactive MVAE group had significantly larger VBR values (worse outcome) than those in the Insufficiently Active group (B[95%CI] = -0.137[-0.260, -0.014]). Interaction effects showed participants with no lifetime mTBIs in the Highly Active group had larger VBR values (worse outcome) when compared to those in the Inactive and Insufficiently Active groups. SMVs with 3 + lifetime mTBIs who were Highly Active also had smaller VBR values (better outcome) when compared to Highly Active SMVs with fewer lifetime mTBIs. There were no other statistically significant differences for MVAE participation, mTBI history, or their interactions.ConclusionsHistory of one or more lifetime mTBIs was not associated with measures of brain gray matter volumes, suggesting that declines in structural brain health are not expected for the most SMVs with mTBI(s). Although MVAE may benefit brain health, a positive association between self-reported MVAE participation and gray matter volumes was not observed.

Poetry sung, recited, or written in the Judeo-Sp. (Judezmo, Ladino) dialect, in the various postdiasporic communities of the Se-phardic Jews—North

The Weimar Moment’s evocative assault on closure and political reaction, its offering of democracy against the politics of narrow self-interest cloaked in nationalist appeals to Volk and “community”—or, as would be the case in Nazi Germany, “race”—cannot but appeal to us today. This appeal—its historical grounding and content, its complexities and tensions, its variegated expressions across the networks of power and thought—is the essential context of the present volume, whose basic premise is unhappiness with Hegel’s remark that we learn no more from history than we cannot learn from it. The challenge of the papers in this volume is to provide the material to confront the present effectively drawing from what we can and do understand.

The expression puertas de rey(es), documented in only three versions of a single ballad collected on the Island of Rhodes in 1911, corresponds to Old Spanish puerta del rey 'king's court', which occurs in Calila e Dimna & the Libro de los cient capitulos. The semantic correspondence between puerta & corte is known in many Near Eastern languages, both ancient & modern: Classical Arabic bab al-malik, Ottoman Turkish qapu, Persian & Urdu darbar, Assyrio-Babylonian babu, Hebrew Sa'ar & Aramaic tera, Late Egyptian 'ryt, Old Persian *duvar, Classical Greek thurai, & North African Latin porta. The Old Spanish form doubtless originated in the Arabic source of Kalila wa-Dimna, while the Judeo-Spanish expression is a semantic calque (loan translation) based on Turkish qapu, in line with numerous other Turkish & Pan-Balkan influences on Eastern Judeo-Spanish. 96 References. Adapted from the source document

El corrido es, sin duda, un tipo de balada, aunque exhibe características peculiares que la diferencian de otras típicas baladas, propias de varias tradiciones lingüísticas y geográficas. El nexo entre los corridos y el romancero tradicional ha de ser genético y directo. Conviene insistir, por otra parte, en varias diferencias que separan los dos géneros. Una de tales diferencias es que el corrido, en contraste con el romance, no suele relatar una historia. Más bien alude a una serie de detalles que, a lo más, nos pueden sugerir el trasfondo de un relato, que se puede intuir. Otro aspecto de la poética del corrido --otra vez a diferencia del romance-- es que el corrido tiene menos interés en la acción, que en los comentarios verbales, en lo que el protagonista tiene que decir acerca de aquella acción. Por lo tanto, el corrido no es narrativo sino alusivo. Tales características --el estilo alusivo y el interés casi exclusivo por el diálogo-- no resultan ser privativas del corrido. Se descubren estas mismas tendencias en varios subgéneros tardíos de la balada y en áreas muy lejanas del mundo hispánico. * Se basa en una comunicación que se leyó en inglés y en forma preliminar y abreviada, durante el Tercer Congreso Internacional del Corrido «Corridos sin Fronteras», organizado por Guillermo E. Hernández, Universidad de California, Los Ángeles, el 5 de junio de 1998. 15 Samuel G. Armistead

De la abundante colección de literatura oral judeoespañola de los Balcanes, recogida en 1898-1899 por William Milwitzky en Yugoslavia, Rumanía, Bulgaria, Grecia y Turquía, se editan y se estudian nueve adivinanzas hasta ahora inéditas procedentes de Estambul, cuyas soluciones son el cerrojo (de la puerta) (1), el asno (2), el caballo (y sus arreos) (3-4), el cubo del pozo (5), la oreja (6a-6b), la pluma (7), el rábano (8) y el sol (9). Por lo que se refiere a su posible origen, cuatro de estas adivinanzas resultan ser hispánico-peninsulares (1, 5, 9; y posiblemente también 3), otras dos son obviamente de origen oriental (6, 8), en tanto que el origen de otras tres resulta imposible de precisar (2, 4, 7). Pese a la limitadísima extensión del corpus, tiende a confirmar, según creemos, el carácter culturalmente ecléctico de la tradición «enigmática» judeoespañola, ya señalado en la exigua colección del rabino Menahem Azuz (vid. nota 6 supra).