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During a survey of the Indonesian diatoms, five Luticola D.G.Mann taxa that could not be identified, based on the available literature were discovered. Based on light microscopy, scanning electron microscope observations and comparisons with similar taxa, all of them are described as new species. All taxa were found on mosses growing on tree trunks and concrete on the islands of Banda Besar and Seram and from spring on Java Island. Luticola insularis sp. nov. is most similar to L. aequatorialis and L. simplex , but it can easily be distinguished from both taxa, based on the lower striae density, the narrower valves and the well-developed silica ridges on the valve face/mantle junction. Luticola bandanensis sp. nov. resembles L. frequentissima , but they can be easily distinguished, based on their valve widths and the direction of the grooves located on the distal and proximal raphe endings. Luticola elliptica sp. nov. is most similar to L. sparsipunctata , L. tenuis and L. bryophila . Amongst all the species compared, L. elliptica sp. nov. is the only one with a highly asymmetrical central area, with the isolated pore located on the wider side. Luticola malukuana sp. nov. shares similarities with L. dismutica and L. areolata , but it has a notably higher stria density. From L. areolata , it can also be separated by the morphology of striae and the lack of ghost areolae in the central area. Luticola poliporea sp. nov. is unique in the whole genus due to the presence of multiple isolated pores.

Indonesia is listed as a region with high marine biodiversity, especially when considering the three large tropical ecosystems: seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs. It is likely that the biodiversity of diatoms in this area is also high. Samples for this research were taken from the remote area of Bawean Island and Tomini Gulf in Central Sulawesi. In this research, we explored marine benthic diatoms from coral reef areas and presented two new genera: Paracatenula and Wallaceago , and seven new species: Paracatenula porostriata sp. nov. , Wallaceago porostriatus sp. nov. , Catenula boyanensis sp. nov. , C. komodensis sp. nov. , C. decusa sp. nov. , C. densestriata sp. nov. , and Catenulopsis baweana sp. nov. The new genus Paracatenula is characterized by its perforated cingulum, and the genus Wallaceago is distinguished by its proximal and apical raphe ends bent to the ventral side and the presence of a stauros in the mantle.

The current article introduces and describes Haslea berepwari sp. nov. , a new species of diatom discovered in the vicinity of Boulouparis, New Caledonia. Under light microscopy, H. berepwari sp. nov. strongly resembles Haslea pseudostrearia , but preliminary molecular barcoding conducted using partial 18S and rbcL genes suggested that it was a distinct species. This was confirmed first by scanning electron microscopy which showed the differences in stria densities between both species. A short-reads genome-skimming protocol applied on H. berepwari sp. nov. led us to obtain its complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes. The mitogenome is 36,572 bp in length and as already observed among other species of Haslea spp., the nad6 and nad2 genes are fused within a single open-reading frame. The plastome is 131,897 bp length, and unlike the mitogenome, it is not colinear with those of H. pseudostrearia . The results derived from the sequencing of the plastome allowed to perform a 123-gene multigene maximum likelihood phylogeny that associates H. berepwari sp. nov. to H. pseudostrearia with maximum support at the nodes but also strictly distinguishes them, suggesting a greater genetic distance between these species than what has been previously observed between other marennine-producing species.

The concentration of chlorophyll-a in the Gorontalo Bay is necessary to be observed since it could describe the condition of water richness. The semi-enclosed Gorontalo Bay morphology causes the status of water fertility to be largely determined by the input of inorganic or organic materials originating from the mainland. This study aimed to figure out the concentration and horizontal distribution pattern of the chlorophyll-a then further to decide the relationship between the concentration of chlorophyll-a and the nutrients in the Gorontalo Bay. There were fifteen sub-sampling sites selected based on coastal and ecological characteristics. Results showed that the distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a in the Gorontalo Bay in June and July 2017 was dissimilar and its concentration ranged from 0.984 to 3.744 mg.m-3. In addition, there was a positive and substantial relationship between chlorophyll-a and phosphate (p<0.01). Nonetheless, there was no significant correlation between chlorophyll-a and nitrate (p>0.01) and ammonia (p>0.01).

Background and aims - The present study aims to describe a new species of pennate blue diatom from the genus Haslea, H. nusantara sp. nov., collected from Semak Daun Island, the Seribu Archipelago, in Indonesian marine waters. Methods - Assessment for species identification was conducted using light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and molecular techniques. The morphological characteristics of H. nusantara have been described, illustrated and compared to other morphologically similar blue Haslea taxa, distributed worldwide. Additionally, molecular characterization was achieved by sequencing plastidial and mitochondrial genomes. Key results - This new species, named Haslea nusantara, cannot be discriminated by its morphology (stria density) but it is characterized by its gene sequences (rbcL chloroplast gene and cox1 mitochondrial gene). Moreover, it differentiates from other blue Haslea species by the presence of a thin central bar, which has been previously reported in non-blue species like H. pseudostrearia. The complete mitochondrion (36,288 basepairs, bp) and plastid (120,448 bp) genomes of H. nusantara were sequenced and the gene arrangements were compared with other diatom genomes. Phylogeny analyses established using rbcL indicated that H. nusantara is included in the blue Haslea cluster and close to a blue Haslea sp. found in Canary Islands (H. silbo sp. ined.). Conclusions - All investigations carried out in this study show that H. nusantara is a new blue-pigmented species, which belongs to the blue Haslea clade, with an exceptional geographic distribution in the Southern Hemisphere.

                                                               AbstrakMata Air Sumberawan merupakan sumber penyedia kebutuhan air bersih bagi masyarakat Desa Toyomarto Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang yang bernaung dalam lembaga kemasyarakatan HIPPAM (Himpunan Pengguna Pemakai Air), dan juga dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat luar desa yang dikelola oleh Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM). Dengan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan air bersih, maka pengelolaan sumberdaya air yang tepat, sangatlah diperlukan. Beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan dalam kaitan pengelolaan Mata Air Sumberawan adalah dengan mengetahui profil mengenai upaya pengelolaan mata air yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Desa Toyomarto, menganalisa tingkat kapasitas masyarakat Desa Toyomarto dalam upaya pengelolaan Mata Air Sumberawan, dan mendapatkan faktor pendorong dan penghambat dalam upaya pengelolaan mata air di Desa Toyomarto.Hasil studi menunjukkan upaya konservasi, yaitu pemanfaatan, perlindungan dan pelestarian Mata Air Sumberawan sudah dilakukan masyarakat Desa Toyomarto, namun secara keseluruhan masih didominasi oleh aspek pemanfaatan. Untuk tingkat kapasitas masyarakat Desa Toyomarto dalam pengelolaan Mata Air Sumberawan sudah cukup tinggi, ditunjukkan dari jumlah masyarakat yang mengerti terhadap manfaat peduli terhadap lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan ketersediaan air. Mengingat kepedulian dalam pengelolaan konservasi mata air telah tertanam dalam sebagian besar masyarakat Desa Toyomarto maka hal yang harus dilakukan adalah meningkatkan kegiatan konservasi ke lingkup yang lebih luas, sehingga masyarakat yang belum peduli akan sadar dan ikut terlibat dalam pengelolaan konservasi Mata Air Sumberawan.                                                             AbstractSumberawan Wellspring is a source provider of clean water for villagers in Toyomarto Singosari Malang whose take shelter in community institutions of HIPPAM (Himpunan Pengguna Pemakai Air), and is also used to the needs of the community outside the village which is managed by the Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM). Some things that can be done in terms of the management of Sumberawan Wellspring is to know the profile of the efforts of the management of the wellspring by the community Toyomarto Village, analyze the level of community capacity in an effort to the management of Sumberawan Wellspring, and to get powerful and inhibitors factors in an effort to manage wellsprings in the Toyomarto Village The results of a study showing effort conservation, namely aspect of the utilization, conservation and preservation in Sumberawan wellspring have been done by community of Toyomarto Village, but the whole are still dominated by utilization aspects. The capacity level of the Toyomarto village community in the management of Sumberawan Wellspring already quite high which indicated the number of people who have understood the benefits of environmental care related to availability clean water. Considering concern in the management of springs conservation has embedded in most of the community of Toyomarto Village then thing to do is improve conservation activities to scope broader, so that people who do not care to be aware of and involved in conservation management Sumberawan Wellspring

                                                               AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan monitoring kualitas air di tambak budidaya udang vaname, membandingkan efektivitas penerapan budidaya dengan sistem pemeliharaan berbeda pada tambak dan variasi pemberian pakan. Pada kegiatan ini, empat tambak budidaya digunakan sebagai tempat pembesaran udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Parameter yang diukur meliputi parameter fisika dan kimia yaitu suhu, kecerahan, pH, oksigen terlarut, salinitas, amonia, dan alkalinitas; sedangkan performa pertumbuhan organisme budidaya dilihat dengan cara menghitung tingkat kelulushidupan (survival rate) udang pada akhir pemeliharaan, efisiensi konsumsi pakan melalui perhitungan FCR, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik udang (SGR) dengan menghitung ABW (Average Body weight) dan ADG (Average Daily Growth) udang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara keseluruhan kisaran kualitas air yang diperoleh masih dalam keadaan layak untuk kegiatan budidaya dan bahkan Tambak 3 dan 4 menunjukkan kisaran optimum untuk kualitas air budidaya, sedangkan untuk parameter performa pertumbuhan, pada Tambak 3 dan 4 diperoleh nilai SR lebih dari 80 %, dan Tambak 1 dan 2 mempunyai SR di bawah 70 %. Selain itu, nilai FCR berada di bawah 1.7 pada tambak 3 dan 4, sedangkan pada Tambak 1 dan 2 nilainya lebih dari 1.7. Terakhir untuk nilai SGR, Tambak 3 dan 4 juga menunjukkan presentasi yang bagus jika dibandingkan Tambak 1 dan 2. Secara komprehensif, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan sistem pemeliharaan dengan menggunakan sistem flok pada Tambak 3 dan 4 meningkatkan performa kualitas air dan hasil produksi dibandingkan pada Tambak 1 dan 2.                                                                 AbstractThe aim of this study was to monitor water quality in vaname culture pond and compare the application of different rearing culture system and feeding variations. Four ponds culture were used as vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth place. Measured parameters include physical and chemical factors such as temperature,brightness, pH, DO, salinity, ammonia, and alkalinity, while growth shrimp performance showed by SGR, SR and FCR. The research result of the water quality parameters show an adequate range values for all of the ponds and good enough for shrimp growth, and especially an optimum range value presented in pond three and four. Survival rate (SR) both pond 3 and 4 exhibit a good presentation that is more than 80%, whereas pond 1 and 2 were just less than 70% of SR value. The specific growth rate (SGR) presents also a good presentation in Pond 3 and 4 rather than pond 1 and 2. Based on the feed consumption, pond 1 and 2 show high FCR that is more than 1.7 while pond 3 and 4 present smaller FCR value which is less than 1.7. Finally, it could be concluded that application of floc in culture rearing system of pond 3 and 4 increase water quality and production value than pond 1 and 2.

[...]an evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of Sargassum polycystum on mice model of fed-inflammatory is evaluated. According to Patton and Benson (1966) hexadecen-1-ol is a phytol group with unsaturated acid structure, which has important role in chlorophylls molecule placement in cellular plant chloroplast membrane. According to Bhakuni and Rawat (2005), fucosterol was dominant in brown algae; and Pierong et al (2006) has isolated sterol (24.98%) from Sargassum muticum, while other brown algae, Stilophorarhizodes (4.6%), Punctarialatifolia and Punctariaplantaginea (18.7%). According to Navarro (2001), sterol inhibit the pain by decreasing cellular membrane sensitivity, this can be function as stabilization.

Samples from coastal tropical waters of Central Sulawesi, Bangka Island and Bawean Island in Indonesia and from the Great Barrier Reef at Fitzroy Island in Queensland, Australia were analysed for species composition of diatom assemblages with a focus on Olifantiella . Whereas samples from Fitzroy Island littoral in Australia retrieved only one species of Olifantiella , in Poso Bay, Indonesia, we observed at least six species. All established taxa were documented with light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was used to compare the species, based on the basic valve parameters of length, width, length to width ratio and striae density. A new species of the genus Olifantiella , O. gondwanensis is described from Australia. In addition, we showed the distinct nature of O. pilosella var. rhizophorae permitting to species status. Particular attention is placed on girdle bands in this genus.

Samples from coastal tropical waters of Central Sulawesi, Bangka Island and Bawean Island in Indonesia and from the Great Barrier Reef at Fitzroy Island in Queensland, Australia were analysed for species composition of diatom assemblages with a focus on Olifantiella. Whereas samples from Fitzroy Island littoral in Australia retrieved only one species of Olifantiella, in Poso Bay, Indonesia, we observed at least six species. All established taxa were documented with light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was used to compare the species, based on the basic valve parameters of length, width, length to width ratio and striae density. A new species of the genus Olifantiella, O. gondwanensis is described from Australia. In addition, we showed the distinct nature of O. pilosella var. rhizophorae permitting to species status. Particular attention is placed on girdle bands in this genus.