Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
101
result(s) for
"Arthur, Ray R."
Sort by:
Lessons Learned from CDC’s Global COVID-19 Early Warning and Response Surveillance System
Early warning and response surveillance (EWARS) systems were widely used during the early COVID-19 response. Evaluating the effectiveness of EWARS systems is critical to ensuring global health security. We describe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) global COVID-19 EWARS (CDC EWARS) system and the resources CDC used to gather, manage, and analyze publicly available data during the prepandemic period. We evaluated data quality and validity by measuring reporting completeness and compared these with data from Johns Hopkins University, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and indicator-based data from the World Health Organization. CDC EWARS was integral in guiding CDC's early COVID-19 response but was labor-intensive and became less informative as case-level data decreased and the pandemic evolved. However, CDC EWARS data were similar to those reported by other organizations, confirming the validity of each system and suggesting collaboration could improve EWARS systems during future pandemics.
Journal Article
Statistics for business and economics
Clarity and cutting-edge examples have made 'Statistics for Business and Economics' the definitive textbook for students across the United Kingdom, Europe, Middle East, and Africa. This new edition builds on the text's well-respected foundations to deliver a clear, up-to-date and comprehensive revision. All the key concepts, combined with the latest technologies and applications, are introduced with hallmark precision, making this your complete introduction to business statistics.
Book
Genetic Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus throughout Egypt
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem in Egypt, where the seroprevalence is 10–20-fold higher than that in the United States. To characterize the HCV genotype distribution and concordance of genotype assessments on the basis of multiple genomic regions, specimens were obtained from blood donors in 15 geographically diverse governorates throughout Egypt. The 5′ noncoding, core/E1, and NS5B regions were amplified by reverse transcription—polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by both restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic tree construction. For the 5′ noncoding region, 122 (64%) of 190 specimens were amplified and analyzed by RFLP: 111 (91%) were genotype 4, 1 (1%) was genotype 1a, 1 (1%) was genotype 1b, and 9 (7%) could not be typed. Phylogenetic analyses of the core/E1 and NS5B regions confirmed the genotype 4 preponderance and revealed evidence of 3 new subtypes. Analysis of genetic distance between isolates was consistent with the introduction of multiple virus strains 75–140 years ago, and no clustering was detected within geographic regions, suggesting widespread dispersion at some time since then.
Journal Article
The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt
The population of Egypt has a heavy burden of liver disease, mostly due to chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Overall prevalence of antibody to HCV in the general population is around 15–20%. The risk factor for HCV transmission that specifically sets Egypt apart from other countries is a personal history of parenteral antischistosomal therapy (PAT). A review of the Egyptian PAT mass-treatment campaigns, discontinued only in the 1980s, show a very high potential for transmission of blood-bome pathogens. We examine the relative importance of PAT in the spread of HCV in Egypt.
The degree of exposure to PAT by cohort was estimated from 1961–86 Ministry of Health data. A cohort-specific exposure index for PAT was calculated and compared with cohort-specific HCV prevalence rates in four regions.
HCV prevalence was calculated for 8499 Egyptians aged 10–50 years. A significant association between seroprevalence of antibodies to HCV and the exposure index (1.31 [95% CI 1.08–1.59]; p=0.007) was identified across four different regions. In all regions cohort-specific HCV prevalence was lowest in children and young adults than in older cohorts. These lower prevalence rates coincided with the gradual and final replacement of PAT with oral antischistosomal drugs at different points in time in the four regions.
The data suggest that PAT had a major role in the spread of HCV throughout Egypt. This intensive transmission established a large reservoir of chronic HCV infection, responsible for the high prevalence of HCV infection and current high rates of transmission. Egypt's mass campaigns of PAT may represent the world's largest iatrogenic transmission of blood-borne pathogens.
Journal Article
What we are watching-five top global infectious disease threats, 2012: a perspective from CDC's Global Disease Detection Operations Center
Disease outbreaks of international public health importance continue to occur regularly; detecting and tracking significant new public health threats in countries that cannot or might not report such events to the global health community is a challenge. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Global Disease Detection (GDD) Operations Center, established in early 2007, monitors infectious and non-infectious public health events to identify new or unexplained global public health threats and better position CDC to respond, if public health assistance is requested or required. At any one time, the GDD Operations Center actively monitors approximately 30-40 such public health threats; here we provide our perspective on five of the top global infectious disease threats that we were watching in 2012: (
1
) avian influenza A (H5N1), (
2
) cholera, (
3
) wild poliovirus, (
4
) enterovirus-71, and (
5
) extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Journal Article
New Tools in the Ebola Arsenal
In an ongoing outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo, some patients have received investigational agents that are approved for compassionate use. Efforts are under way to develop a clinical trial that can provide generalizable results.
Journal Article
U.S. Government engagement in support of global disease surveillance
Global cooperation is essential for coordinated planning and response to public health emergencies, as well as for building sufficient capacity around the world to detect, assess and respond to health events. The United States is committed to, and actively engaged in, supporting disease surveillance capacity building around the world. We recognize that there are many agencies involved in this effort, which can become confusing to partner countries and other public health entities. This paper aims to describe the agencies and offices working directly on global disease surveillance capacity building in order to clarify the United States Government interagency efforts in this space.
Journal Article
Preparation of at-risk west African countries for Ebola
Improvement of Ebola preparedness and response capacity in neighbouring at-risk west African countries should therefore be prioritised so that public health responses can be rapidly initiated elsewhere if the need arises.
Journal Article
Rapid Laboratory Identification of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C as the Cause of an Outbreak — Liberia, 2017
On April 25, 2017, a cluster of unexplained illness and deaths among persons who had attended a funeral during April 21-22 was reported in Sinoe County, Liberia (1). Using a broad initial case definition, 31 cases were identified, including 13 (42%) deaths. Twenty-seven cases were from Sinoe County (1), and two cases each were from Grand Bassa and Monsterrado counties, respectively. On May 5, 2017, initial multipathogen testing of specimens from four fatal cases using the Taqman Array Card (TAC) assay identified Neisseria meningitidis in all specimens. Subsequent testing using direct real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed N. meningitidis in 14 (58%) of 24 patients with available specimens and identified N. meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) in 13 (54%) patients. N. meningitidis was detected in specimens from 11 of the 13 patients who died; no specimens were available from the other two fatal cases. On May 16, 2017, the National Public Health Institute of Liberia and the Ministry of Health of Liberia issued a press release confirming serogroup C meningococcal disease as the cause of this outbreak in Liberia.
Journal Article