Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
7,476
result(s) for
"Arthur David"
Sort by:
Causes and Consequences of Innate Immune Dysfunction in Cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis is an increasing health burden and public health concern. Regardless of etiology, patients with cirrhosis are at risk of a range of life-threatening complications, including the development of infections, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality and frequent hospital admissions. The term Cirrhosis-Associated Immune Dysfunction (CAID) refers to a dynamic spectrum of immunological perturbations that develop in patients with cirrhosis, which are intimately linked to the underlying liver disease, and negatively correlated with prognosis. At the two extremes of the CAID spectrum are systemic inflammation, which can exacerbate clinical manifestations of cirrhosis such as hemodynamic derangement and kidney injury; and immunodeficiency, which contributes to the high rate of infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Innate immune cells, in particular monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, are pivotal effector and target cells in CAID. This review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to impaired innate immune function in cirrhosis. Knowledge of the phenotypic manifestation and pathophysiological mechanisms of cirrhosis associated immunosuppression may lead to immune targeted therapies to reduce susceptibility to infection in patients with cirrhosis, and better biomarkers for risk stratification, and assessment of efficacy of novel immunotherapies.
Journal Article
From Yellow to Red: Emission Tuning of Benzothioxanthene Imides Through Selective Multi‐Arylamine Functionalization
The selective bis‐ and tris‐functionalization of benzothioxanthene imides (BTI) with extended triphenylamine (eTPA) units, enabling precise tuning of optical and electronic properties, is introduced herein. Controlled bromination and subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling allow modular introduction of donor groups, resulting in redshifted emission into the red–near‐infrared (NIR) region with large Stokes shifts and fluorescence quantum yield strongly modulated by solvent polarity and molecular environment. Photoemission measurements reveal HOMO stabilization upon addition of the third eTPA, illustrating the impact of subtle structural modifications on frontier orbital energies in the solid state. Both derivatives exhibit excellent film‐forming and solvent‐resistance properties, enabling, as an early proof of concept, their incorporation as emissive guests in solution‐processed flexible organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Remarkably, while spectral variations were small, the third eTPA unit induces pronounced differences in device performance, illustrating how minimal and simple molecular modifications can deliver substantial functional gains. Selective bis‐ and tris‐functionalization of benzothioxanthene imides with extended triphenylamine (eTPA) donors enables fine control over optical, electronic, and solid‐state properties. Subtle molecular modifications induce red–near‐infrared (NIR) emission and HOMO stabilization, leading to pronounced differences in flexible organic light‐emitting devices (OLED) performance and highlighting the critical role of structure–property relationships in both solution and the solid state.
Journal Article
Mirror-image cyclodextrins
For over a century, naturally occurring cyclodextrins (CDs) have been investigated intensively and extensively. CDs possess inherently stable chiralities, which render them versatile players in diverse arenas of technology. Although naturally occurring CDs can be mass-produced by the enzymatic modification of amylose, their mirror-images have, however, remained inaccessible. Here we report the syntheses of three mirror-image CDs—namely, α-, β- and γ-l-CDs, which are composed of six, seven and eight α-1,4-linked l-glucopyranosyl residues, respectively. Hallmarks of their syntheses include the highly diastereoselective installations of multiple contiguous 1,2-cisl-glucopyranosidic linkages, the rapid assembly of linear oligosaccharides employing one-pot glycosylation strategies and three efficient diastereoselective cyclizations. The structures and inherent chiralities of all three synthetic l-CDs have been established unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and induced electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The availability of l-CDs has enabled the elucidation of an unprecedented chiral self-sorting of a racemic modification of β-CDs in the solid state and an investigation of the chiral recognition of enantiomeric fenchone by α-l-CD. This research identifies a missing piece of the cyclodextrin jigsaw and sets the stage for scientists to explore the mirror-image world of naturally occurring CDs.The making of mirror-image versions of naturally occurring cyclodextrins (CDs) is challenging and constitutes an untouched goal of the CD community. Now a concise approach is developed for the diastereoselective synthesis of three mirror-image CDs in an efficient and scalable manner.
Journal Article
A Systematic Review of the Biological Effects of Cordycepin
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of cordycepin on cell survival and proliferation, inflammation, signal transduction and animal models. A total of 1204 publications on cordycepin were found by the cut-off date of 1 February 2021. After application of the exclusion criteria, 791 papers remained. These were read and data on the chosen subjects were extracted. We found 192 papers on the effects of cordycepin on cell survival and proliferation and calculated a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 135 µM. Cordycepin consistently repressed cell migration (26 papers) and cellular inflammation (53 papers). Evaluation of 76 papers on signal transduction indicated consistently reduced PI3K/mTOR/AKT and ERK signalling and activation of AMPK. In contrast, the effects of cordycepin on the p38 and Jun kinases were variable, as were the effects on cell cycle arrest (53 papers), suggesting these are cell-specific responses. The examination of 150 animal studies indicated that purified cordycepin has many potential therapeutic effects, including the reduction of tumour growth (37 papers), repression of pain and inflammation (9 papers), protecting brain function (11 papers), improvement of respiratory and cardiac conditions (8 and 19 papers) and amelioration of metabolic disorders (8 papers). Nearly all these data are consistent with cordycepin mediating its therapeutic effects through activating AMPK, inhibiting PI3K/mTOR/AKT and repressing the inflammatory response. We conclude that cordycepin has excellent potential as a lead for drug development, especially for age-related diseases. In addition, we discuss the remaining issues around the mechanism of action, toxicity and biodistribution of cordycepin.
Journal Article
Atomically Precise Distorted Nanographenes: The Effect of Different Edge Functionalization on the Photophysical Properties down to the Femtosecond Scale
Nanographenes (NGs) have been attracting widespread interest since they combine peculiar properties of graphene with molecular features, such as bright visible photoluminescence. However, our understanding of the fundamental properties of NGs is still hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity usually characterizing most of these materials. In this context, NGs obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes represent optimal benchmarks to unambiguously relate their properties to well-defined structures. Here we investigate in deep detail the optical response of three curved hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes. They are constituted by the same graphenic core, characterized by the presence of a heptagon ring determining a saddle distortion of their sp2 network, and differ from each other for slightly different edge functionalization. The quite similar structure allows for performing a direct comparison of their spectroscopic features, from steady-state down to the femtosecond scale, and precisely disentangling the role played by the different edge chemistry.
Journal Article