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The widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is evidenced by various devices, systems, and applications that enable organizations and individuals to interact with one another and the digital world. In this study, a comparative analysis framework was employed to evaluate different panel data techniques for the period 1990–2020. The aim is to ensure the robustness of the results and effectively assess ICT modeling in an economic context. The panel techniques found to be relevant and utilized in this study include pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), the fixed effects model (FEM), the random effects model (REM), two-stage least squares (2SLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and robust least squares (ROBUSTLS). The sample comprises 12 trading partners in Pakistan, including both developed and developing economies. The results were consistent and robust across all the techniques employed. Based on these findings, various policy implications can be derived, such as the need for Pakistan to form strategic partnerships with both developed and developing nations to increase the trade component of ICT for rapid growth, because enhancing the ICT-based domestic industry will provide more employment and production opportunities.This study emphasizes the essential role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in fostering international trade, with a particular focus on Pakistan’s interactions with its trading partners. Using a comparative analysis of various panel data techniques over three decades, the research not only verifies the positive impact of ICT advancement on both exports and imports, but also recommends strategic collaborations with technologically advanced nations to enhance Pakistan’s trade dynamics. These findings are vital for policymakers, as they suggest that integrating ICT into trade policies can significantly promote economic growth, sustainability, and global competitiveness. By demonstrating the consistent and robust effect of ICT on trade volumes, this study underscores the importance of Pakistan investing in ICT infrastructure and innovation, promoting a digital economy that can lead to increased employment, production opportunities, and sustainable economic practices in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This study investigates the cross-cultural relationships of corporate social responsibility (CSR) factors, culture dimensions, and consumer’s buying intentions in China and Pakistan. Moreover, this study also reveals the moderating effect of national culture values on these relationships. Data from 239 respondents from each sample group were collected through a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. The results from the Chinese sample group showed that ethical CSR and philanthropic CSR has a significant impact on buying intention, while economic CSR and legal CSR have an insignificant impact on buying intention. Moreover, data from Pakistan found that legal, ethical and philanthropic CSR have a significant impact, while economic CSR has an insignificant impact on buying intentions of consumers. Significant moderation impact of national cultural values is observed on the relationship of economic CSR and buying intention, however, the insignificant impact of national culture values proved on the relationship of legal, ethical, and philanthropic CSR and buying intention. This study provides substantial insights for the industry that strong improvement and appropriate communication of philanthropic and ethical CSR stimulates the consumers’ motivation to alter their buying intentions and help them to retain loyalty.

Building The research study is primarily focused on identifying the parameters of Performance Measurement System within the healthcare sectors of Pakistan. The main purpose is to identify the efficacy of different Performance Measurement Systems within Pakistan, and its impacts on performance of physicians. Considering the current performance and situation in healthcare sector of Pakistan, it has been analyzed that the country has come a long way towards progress, however there is still a major lacking of proper standards and guidelines which must be followed in all the healthcare institutions. The problem statement emphasizes over the need of PMS in the healthcare institutions, with the help of which the improvements and efficacy in performance of the healthcare professionals can be determined. The research objective designed for this study is identify the impact of Performance Measurement Systems on the improvisations in current practices, on patient satisfaction and recovery, changes in patterns of mortality rates and budgetary control within the country for healthcare sectors. In order to conduct this research study, the type of research method which has been mainly opted is qualitative analysis involving the write up of a Systematic Literature Review. This review has been designed on the basis of PRISMA method, and proper skimming of research articles have been performed accordingly. 22 articles have been taken for further investigation, published after the year of 2010. The indicators which have been focused on in this study include Patient Satisfaction, Mortality, Survival rates and Cost Allocation to healthcare sectors of the country. Based on the findings of number of research articles, it has been identified that Patient Satisfaction and Cost Allocation have not been improved via Performance Management System. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality and survival rates in the public and private sectors of the country were controlled due to constant supervision by governmental agencies and the use of an effective and efficient Performance Measurement method for staff members in the healthcare industry.  

Performance measurement system (PMS), as an integral part of management control systems (MCS), has a critical role in guiding organizational members toward goals and evaluating the extent to which management has achieved the set goals. This is because organizations which are able to continuously monitor and manage their performance are more likely to succeed. Thus, owing to the growing importance of MCS and PMS, especially in developing countries which are under studied, this study has been targeted to evaluate the impact of PMS and MCS on organizational performance (OP) in a developing country ‘Pakistan’. Moreover, there are very limited studies that have targeted to study the same in banking industry in developing countries, and in this case in Pakistan, using the variables of PMS and MCS. The present study is aimed to evaluate the impact of PMS on OP in the banking sector of Pakistan and it has also discussed the different types of MCS and factors of PMS contributing at banks in Pakistan. Moreover, the mediating role of MCS between PMS and OP is analyzed.In this regard, a sample of 106 bank branches in Pakistan has been selected which are located in different parts of the country. The data has been collected using a structured questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using linear regression and mediation as well as multiple mediation analysis. The findings suggest that the banks in Pakistan implement the four levers of controls including diagnostic controls systems (DCS), interactive controls systems (ICS), belief controls systems (BLCS), boundary controls systems (BCS), with highest application of BCS. The results of the study also suggest that both financial performance measurement system (FPMS) and non-financial performance measurement system (NFPMS) have a significant positive relationship with MCS whereas MCS has significant positive impact on organizational financial performance (FP) and non-financial performance (NFP) of banks. Mediation analysis suggests that MCS partially mediate the relationship between PMS and OP (both FP and NFP). In a model of multiple mediation taking all four controls simultaneously, the results indicate that BCS and BLCS are partial mediators between FPMS and FP while DCS and BLCS have been proved as significant partial mediators between NFPMS and NFP. Results also revealed that ICS has not proved as a mediator in any relationship except in the linear model.The study is quite helpful in making both practical and theoretical contributions. It has bridged the gap in literature by analyzing the impact of PMS on OP taking MCS as a mediator in Pakistani banking system. It has also combined both financial and non- financial performance aspects in one study which has rarely been made in literature of PMS and OP, in the context of Pakistan. On practical side, the study provides valuable suggestions to Pakistani banks to improve their performance. Keywords: Performance measurement systems, management control systems, organizational performance, diagnostic controls systems, interactive controls systems, belief controls systems, boundary controls systems

This study investigates the factors influencing green buying intentions among consumers in Pakistan, with a focus on the relationships among attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived value, and willingness to pay for premium green products. Employing a quantitative methodology through an online survey of 250 participants. The results indicate that all examined variables significantly impact consumers' intention to purchase green products. Specifically, positive attitudes and subjective norms were found to have a profound influence on green buying intentions, underpinning the relevance of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Furthermore, perceived value and willingness to pay were crucial in determining the premium consumers are willing to invest in sustainable products. These findings offer practical implications for marketers and policymakers in crafting effective strategies to promote sustainable consumption. They also provide a theoretical enhancement to existing literature by elucidating the psychological mechanisms driving eco-friendly purchasing behaviors in emerging markets.