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"Ashraf Muhammad"
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Knowledge hiding behavior in higher education institutions: a scientometric analysis and systematic literature review approach
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to systematically review knowledge hiding (KH) behavior in higher education institutions (HEIs). KH is regarded as an unethical and antisocial behavior by many scholars, which should not be prevalent in HEIs.
Design/methodology/approach
A two-phase analysis through quantitative scientometric analysis and qualitative systematic literature review method through the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) model was applied. In phase 1,174 articles were analyzed using the VOSviewer through co-word and co-citation analyses. In Phase 2, 20 related studies on KH in HEIs were qualitatively analyzed on the fundamental concept of KH. The main themes were determined based on current research findings, through the identification of relevant gaps in the context of higher education.
Findings
In Phase 1, co-word and co-citation analyses resulted in six and three clusters, respectively. Subsequently, in Phase 2, five themes were discovered: terminology of KH, scale of KH, cultural and geographical context, KH among academics and students and relevant theories. Further, discussion on the institutional factors of individuals, organizations, technology and culture is presented.
Practical implications
This review lays out a practical guide to facilitate HEIs in managing KH behavior among academics, employees, and students. Strategies can be planned and implemented to foster and inculcate knowledge sharing behavior to circulate knowledge while at the same time diminishing KH behavior in HEIs.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to review KH behavior in the context of HEIs through quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Journal Article
Bioregulators: unlocking their potential role in regulation of the plant oxidative defense system
Key messagePlant bioregulators play an important role in managing oxidative stress tolerance in plants. Utilizing their ability in stress sensitive crops through genetic engineering will be a meaningful approach to manage food production under the threat of climate change.Exploitation of the plant defense system against oxidative stress to engineer tolerant plants in the climate change scenario is a sustainable and meaningful strategy. Plant bioregulators (PBRs), which are important biotic factors, are known to play a vital role not only in the development of plants, but also in inducing tolerance in plants against various environmental extremes. These bioregulators include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, polyamines, strigolactones, and ascorbic acid and provide protection against the oxidative stress-associated reactive oxygen species through modulation or activation of a plant’s antioxidant system. Therefore, exploitation of their functioning and accumulation is of considerable significance for the development of plants more tolerant of harsh environmental conditions in order to tackle the issue of food security under the threat of climate change. Therefore, this review summarizes a new line of evidence that how PBRs act as inducers of oxidative stress resistance in plants and how they could be modulated in transgenic crops via introgression of genes. Reactive oxygen species production during oxidative stress events and their neutralization through an efficient antioxidants system is comprehensively detailed. Further, the use of exogenously applied PBRs in the induction of oxidative stress resistance is discussed. Recent advances in engineering transgenic plants with modified PBR gene expression to exploit the plant defense system against oxidative stress are discussed from an agricultural perspective.
Journal Article
Osmoprotection in plants under abiotic stresses: new insights into a classical phenomenon
Main conclusion
Plant osmoprotectants protect against abiotic stresses. Introgression of osmoprotectant genes into crop plants via genetic engineering is an important strategy in developing more productive plants.
Plants employ adaptive mechanisms to survive various abiotic stresses. One mechanism, the osmoprotection system, utilizes various groups of low molecular weight compounds, collectively known as osmoprotectants, to mitigate the negative effect of abiotic stresses. Osmoprotectants may include amino acids, polyamines, quaternary ammonium compounds and sugars. These nontoxic compounds stabilize cellular structures and enzymes, act as metabolic signals, and scavenge reactive oxygen species produced under stressful conditions. The advent of recent drastic fluctuations in the global climate necessitates the development of plants better adapted to abiotic stresses. The introgression of genes related to osmoprotectant biosynthesis from one plant to another by genetic engineering is a unique strategy bypassing laborious conventional and classical breeding programs. Herein, we review recent literature related to osmoprotectants and transgenic plants engineered with specific osmoprotectant properties.
Journal Article
A bibliometric review on knowledge management in tourism and hospitality: past, present and future trends
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review the plethora of studies on knowledge management (KM) in the hospitality and tourism. The purposes of this paper through a bibliometric analysis via the VOSviewer tool are to analyze the current research stream and to assess emerging trends in KM in the tourism and hospitality field.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 1,732 publications with 65,150 cited references were retrieved from the Web of Science to uncover the structure and intellectual base of studies in tourism with a KM perspective. Three bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer software (citation, co-citation and co-occurrence of keywords); this study aims to uncover the knowledge structure of the past, current and future trends based on the bibliographic database by assessing the most influential past publication; determining the structure of the co-cited publications; and evaluating emerging trends for future studies.
Findings
This study produced two ground-breaking research streams inductively evaluated from the three bibliometric analyses: KM and digital technology; and innovation in tourism. Furthermore, the pressing issue of sustainability in tourism from the perspective of KM would be a crucial aspect in the tourism field. These streams would provide fundamental knowledge-based and further enhance the assimilation of KM within the tourism sector. The outcome would facilitate future scholars to link important tourism topics to benefit the tourism industry facing a competitive and challenging business environment.
Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the current theoretical understanding through thematic knowledge mapping of KM and the tourism and hospitality field.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to apply bibliometric analysis to the tourism and KM field by providing a basis for the most significant issue in tourism and the essence of emerging topics and trends.
Journal Article
Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in knowledge management studies: Knowledge sharing in virtual communities
Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) has been used as a popular research method in various disciplines, including knowledge management (KM). This paper reviews how PLS-SEM has been used in KM studies, which focus on knowledge sharing in the context of virtual community (VC). The review includes 30 articles published from 2007 to 2019. The review discusses the reasons behind the use of the PLS-SEM, data and model characteristics, evaluation of measurement, and structural model in these studies. This paper also provides guidance on how PLS-SEM can be better used and applied in future research.
Journal Article
Study of Heat and Mass Transfer in MHD Flow of Micropolar Fluid over a Curved Stretching Sheet
A comprehensive investigation of mass and heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian micropolar fluid because of curved stretching sheet is presented. Flow is originated by stretching of curved sheet by means of linear velocity. Concentration and energy equations are incorporated to study repercussion of mass and heat transfer. To define basic equations of the model, curvilinear coordinates are used. The transformed BL (boundary layer) equations for the momentum, concentration, angular momentum and temperature with appropriate boundary conditions are numerically solved by SOR (successive over relaxation) algorithms combined with the quasi-linearization technique. Flow features such as temperature fields, micro rotation, velocity and concentration are appraised for manipulation of pertinent parameters. The radius of curvature enhances the temperature and concentration whereas it declines micro-rotation as well as velocities of the fluid. It is significant to notice that magnetic field interaction is caused counterproductive in increasing concentration distribution and fluid temperature while diminishing micro-rotation and velocities at all domain flow points. As schmidt number increases concentration of fluid reduces.
Journal Article
Exogenously applied zinc and copper mitigate salinity effect in maize (Zea mays L.) by improving key physiological and biochemical attributes
Zinc or copper deficiency and salinity are known soil problems and often occur simultaneously in agriculture soils. Plants undergo various changes in physiological and biochemical processes to respond to high salt in the growing medium. There is lack of information on the relation of exogenous application of Zn and Cu with important salinity tolerance mechanisms in plants. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of foliar Zn and Cu on two maize cultivars (salt-tolerant cv. Yousafwala Hybrid and salt-sensitive cv. Hybrid 1898). Salinity caused a significant reduction in water and turgor potentials, stomatal conductance, and transpiration and photosynthetic rate, while increase in glycine betaine, proline, total soluble sugars, and total free amino acids was evident in plants under saline regimes. Furthermore, there was significant decline in P, N, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu and increase in Na and Cl contents in plants fed with NaCl salinity. Nitrate reductase activity was lower in salt-stressed plants. However, foliar application of Zn and Cu circumvented salinity effect on water relations, photosynthesis, and nutrition and this was attributed to the better antioxidant system and enhanced accumulation of glycine betaine, proline, total free amino acids, and sugars. The results of the present study suggested that Zn application was superior to Cu for mediating plant defense responses under salinity.
Journal Article
Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Growth Regulation: Implications in Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Abiotic stresses hamper plant growth and productivity. Climate change and agricultural malpractices like excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides have aggravated the effects of abiotic stresses on crop productivity and degraded the ecosystem. There is an urgent need for environment-friendly management techniques such as the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for enhancing crop productivity. AMF are commonly known as bio-fertilizers. Moreover, it is widely believed that the inoculation of AMF provides tolerance to host plants against various stressful situations like heat, salinity, drought, metals, and extreme temperatures. AMF may both assist host plants in the up-regulation of tolerance mechanisms and prevent the down-regulation of key metabolic pathways. AMF, being natural root symbionts, provide essential plant inorganic nutrients to host plants, thereby improving growth and yield under unstressed and stressed regimes. The role of AMF as a bio-fertilizer can potentially strengthen plants' adaptability to changing environment. Thus, further research focusing on the AMF-mediated promotion of crop quality and productivity is needed. The present review provides a comprehensive up-to-date knowledge on AMF and their influence on host plants at various growth stages, their advantages and applications, and consequently the importance of the relationships of different plant nutrients with AMF.
Journal Article