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The environment is threatened by a diversity of pollutants, and synthetic dyes are considered a foremost environmental pollutant among them. The characteristics detected for the dye, e.g., toxicity and carcinogenicity, have brought severe problems for humans and aquatic organisms. The present study was done to clarify the potential of activated carbon made from cherry tree wood (CWAC) in the adsorption of cationic red 14 dye. In our experimental-laboratory study, the changes in removal efficiency were assessed by considering the changes in values of pH, concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. In addition, the nature of our prepared adsorbent was defined based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. The concentration of dye after the completion of experiments was recorded using a spectrophotometer at 514 nm. Evaluating the attained data by isotherm and kinetic models were also considered. Our results demonstrated the enhancement in the efficiency of the studied process at higher contact times, temperatures, and pH and its decline at higher initial dye concentrations. pH = 11, time of 45 min, dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and AC mass of 0.25 g/l were optimal values in obtaining the highest removal of the studied dye. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order (PSO) with ( R 2  = 0.9972) and ( R 2  = 0.9947) were the best isotherms and kinetic models in the description of the observed data, respectively. Considering the results, CWAC could be effectively utilized for the adsorption of cationic red 14 dye from solutions.

Background and Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a clinical pathological syndrome characterized by steatosis and fat accumulation in liver parenchymal cells in patients without a history of excessive alcohol drinking. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for MASLD, and its prevalence increases with age and obesity, and after menopause. Among the ways to treat it, we can mention regular sports exercises and the use of natural supplements. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate and compare the effects of aerobic-resistance training with royal jelly supplementation on changes in paraoxonase 1, oxidized LDL, liver function, and lipid profile in postmenopausal women with Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study involved 23 women with Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with an average weight (71.34 ± 11.63 kg), age (48.54 ± 3.88 years), and body mass index (27.63 ± 4.20 kg/m2). They were randomly divided into two groups: exercise + supplement (n = 12) and exercise + placebo (n = 11). Both groups performed eight-station resistance exercises (8–12 repetitions in 2–4 sets) for 8 weeks, with three sessions per week (for 35–40 min, from 10-15 RPE), and then, for 10–15 min of active rest, they performed aerobic exercises with an intensity of 40–85% of the target heart rate, in two-minute intervals with 45 s of active rest. Royal jelly supplement (500 mg on training days, before each training session) was consumed. Blood sampling was done before and 48 h after the last training session. Statistical analysis was performed using a variance test with repeated measures (two groups × two stages of pre-test-post-test) in SPSS software (Version 26) with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The results of the statistical analysis show that the effects of eight weeks of exercise + supplement and exercise + placebo on PON1, oxLDL, lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, TC, and TG), and liver enzymes (ALT, AST) in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The results show a significant increase in PON1 (p = 0.008) and HDL (p = 0.005) in the exercise + supplement group compared to the exercise + placebo group. But significant decreases in oxLDL (p = 0.031), TC (p = 0.045), TG (p = 0.013), LDL (p = 0.027), ALT (p = 0.015) and AST (p = 0.009) were observed in the exercise + supplement group compared to the exercise + placebo group (<0.05). The results show a significant increase in PON1 (p = 0.008) and HDL (p = 0.005) in the exercise + supplement group compared to the exercise + placebo group. However, significant decreases in oxLDL (p = 0.031), TC (p = 0.045), TG (p = 0.013), LDL (p = 0.027), ALT (p = 0.015), and AST (p = 0.009) was observed in the exercise + supplement group compared to the exercise + placebo group. Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that aerobic-resistance exercises with the addition of royal jelly can probably be an efficient and recommended strategy to minimize the harmful effects of Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by affecting the activity of liver enzymes, paraoxonase 1, LDL oxidation, and lipid profile. Although exercise alone also yielded favorable results, according to the findings of this research, it can be said that exercise, combined with the use of royal jelly supplements, may have more positive effects on reducing liver complications and improving body function. However, in order to obtain more accurate scientific evidence, it is necessary to investigate more doses and timing of royal jelly in future studies.

Background Mitochondrial fission and fusion both contribute to maintaining mitochondrial function and optimizing bioenergetic capacity. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance training on mitochondrial fission and fusion markers in skeletal and cardiac muscles of Wistar rats. Method 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT) and control (CON). The MIIT and HIIT groups performed treadmill exercises with an intensity of 60–65% and 80–85% of the maximum speed, respectively, while the RT group performed resistance training with an intensity of 30–60% of the rat’s body weight for 8 weeks. The soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and left ventricular tissues were used to evaluate markers of mitochondrial fission and fusion PGC-1α (fusion/fission), Opa-1 (fusion), Fis-1 (fission), Drp-1 (fission), Mfn-1 and Mfn-2 (fusion) genes expression. Results In all three tissues, a significant increase in some mitochondrial fusion markers was observed after 8 weeks of training (p = < 0.0001–0.0452). Furthermore, a significant decrease in cardiac mitochondrial fission markers was observed in all three groups (p = < 0.0001–0.0156). This reduction in some markers was evident in the SOL tissue of the HIIT group ( p  < 0.0001 for Drp-1 and p  = 0.0007 for Fis-1) and in the EDL tissue of the RT group ( p  = 0.0005 for Fis-1 and p  = 0.0012 for Drp-1). The mitochondrial fission/fusion markers in the heart ( p  = 0.0007–0.0449) and SOL ( p  = 0.0050–0.0258) tissues of the HIIT group had more changes than the RT group, while the mitochondrial fission markers in the EDL tissue of the RT group had a lower level than the HIIT ( p  = 0.0087 for Drp-1) and MIIT ( p  = 0.0130 for Fis-1 and p  = 0.0010 for Drp-1) groups. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that HIIT, through better regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission than RT, improves mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac and SOL tissues.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of combined physical training (CPT) on social skills and physical fitness (PF) in children with ASD. Sixteen children with autism (age 6–10 years) were randomly assigned into two groups: CPT and control. The CPT group participated in a program involving ball game, rhythmic movements, and resistance training for eight weeks (three sessions per week). PF and behavior profile were assessed before and after training. CPT program had a significant effect on indicators of social skills such as stereotypic behavior and communication, as well as PF such as handgrip strength, upper and lower body power, flexibility, balance, and agility (P < 0.05). CPT in autistic children can improve indicators of social skills and PF.

Problem Statement. Obesity is a major threat to public health across the world. The progressive trend of overweight is serious among the children and adolescents. Physical activity is a useful way of proper development of the young adolescents. Irisin, a hormone secreted by skeletal muscle, protects body against the side effects of obesity such as increased body weight and insulin resistance. Purpose.This semi-experimental research aimed to investigate the impact of an 8 week combined exercise training program on specific physical fitness factors, as well as on the serum levels of irisin and insulin resistance in children classified as obese or overweight. Materials and methods. Twenty female students classified as obese or overweight (mean age: 10.85 ± 1.03 years, weight: 49.07 ± 9.64 kg, BMI: 23.25 ± 2.73 kg/m2) were selected using convenience (availability) sampling and subsequently randomized into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group underwent an 8-week program consisting of combined resistance-aerobic exercise training (with a 3:2 ratio on alternate days), totaling five sessions per week. Conversely, the control group adhered to their regular daily routines. Baseline and post-training assessments included measurements of anthropometric and physical fitness indices. Blood samples were collected 24 h before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, Shapiro-Wilk tests assessed normality, RM-ANOVA examined intragroup changes, and ANCOVA tests evaluated intergroup differences, with a statistical significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. Results. The inferential analysis unveiled a significant difference between the two groups, specifically in insulin resistance, lower-body and static strength, VO2max, and dynamic balance. However, no significant disparities were observed in irisin levels, lower-body explosive power, upper body strength, BMI, weight, fat percentage, and fat-free mass. Notably, irisin levels exhibited a significant increase within the intervention group. Conclusions. This study shows that a combined aerobic (rope skippingj-resistance exercise training regimen holds promise for enhancing selected physical fitness indices. Additionally, this exercise modality significantly reduces insulin resistance in obese and overweight children.

Mitochondrial fission and fusion both contribute to maintaining mitochondrial function and optimizing bioenergetic capacity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance training on mitochondrial fission and fusion markers in skeletal and cardiac muscles of Wistar rats. 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT) and control (CON). The MIIT and HIIT groups performed treadmill exercises with an intensity of 60-65% and 80-85% of the maximum speed, respectively, while the RT group performed resistance training with an intensity of 30-60% of the rat's body weight for 8 weeks. The soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and left ventricular tissues were used to evaluate markers of mitochondrial fission and fusion PGC-1[alpha] (fusion/fission), Opa-1 (fusion), Fis-1 (fission), Drp-1 (fission), Mfn-1 and Mfn-2 (fusion) genes expression. In all three tissues, a significant increase in some mitochondrial fusion markers was observed after 8 weeks of training (p = < 0.0001-0.0452). Furthermore, a significant decrease in cardiac mitochondrial fission markers was observed in all three groups (p = < 0.0001-0.0156). This reduction in some markers was evident in the SOL tissue of the HIIT group (p < 0.0001 for Drp-1 and p = 0.0007 for Fis-1) and in the EDL tissue of the RT group (p = 0.0005 for Fis-1 and p = 0.0012 for Drp-1). The mitochondrial fission/fusion markers in the heart (p = 0.0007-0.0449) and SOL (p = 0.0050-0.0258) tissues of the HIIT group had more changes than the RT group, while the mitochondrial fission markers in the EDL tissue of the RT group had a lower level than the HIIT (p = 0.0087 for Drp-1) and MIIT (p = 0.0130 for Fis-1 and p = 0.0010 for Drp-1) groups. Our study demonstrated that HIIT, through better regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission than RT, improves mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac and SOL tissues.

Purpose To improve basketball players’ athletic performance, effective and optimal training programs are needed. The study aim was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training (PT) to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on youth female basketball player’s athletic performance. Methods The athletes were randomly divided into PT ( n  = 8), HIIT ( n  = 8), and control ( n  = 8) group. The two experimental groups participated separately in a PT and HIIT program during 6 weeks and 2 sessions of 30–60 min per week. Before and after the intervention the athletes were assessed for 20-m sprint (s), jump-specific power (W), medicine ball throw for distance (m), change of direction sprint ability (s), basketball-specific anaerobic power (W), basketball-specific performance (s), basketball dribble sprint skill (s), basketball pass skill (points), and basketball shot skill (points). Results The between-group analyses revealed similar improvements in dependent variables between PT and HIIT groups. However, the PT and HIIT groups had greater ( p  ≤ 0.001–0.009, pη 2  = 0.372–0.555) improvements compared to the control group for 20-m sprint, jump-specific power, basketball-specific performance, basketball dribble sprint skill with right hand, and basketball dribble sprint skill with left hand, and near-significant ( p  = 0.054–0.060, pη 2  = 0.246–0.254) for the outcomes basketball-specific anaerobic power, medicine ball throw for distance, and basketball shot skill. Conclusion Compared to regular basketball training, both PT and HIIT improved youth female basketball player’s athletic performance.

The catalytic performance of SAPO-34 catalysts which were synthesised hydrothermally under different conditions was investigated in methanol-to-olefins reactions. The significance of template, silicon sources and crystallisation time on catalytic performance, and deactivation of SAPO-34 catalysts, were studied. High methanol conversion and yield of light olefins were obtained over the nano-sized catalyst synthesised with tetraethylammonium hydroxide as template source and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica source with a crystallisation time of 24 h, owing to its higher crystallinity and smaller crystal size. The SAPO-34 catalysts with larger sizes of crystals deactivate rapidly, while smaller crystals retain their activity for a longer time.

Following the COVID-19 virus epidemic, extensive, coordinated international research has led to the rapid development of effective vaccines. Although vaccines are now considered the best way to achieve collective safety and control mortality, due to the critical situation, these vaccines have been issued the emergency use licenses and some of their potential subsequence side effects have been overlooked. At the same time, there are many reports of side effects after getting a COVID-19 vaccine. According to these reports, vaccination can have an adverse event, especially on nervous system. The most important and common complications are cerebrovascular disorders including cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and demyelinating disorders including transverse myelitis, first manifestation of MS, and neuromyelitis optica. These effects are often acute and transient, but they can be severe and even fatal in a few cases. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of documents reporting neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in international databases from 2020 to 2022 and discussed neurological disorders possibly caused by vaccination.

In the past years, overdue due receivables of the banks have increased in an unprecedented way compared to all the facilities granted in Iran’s banking network, showing the not very acceptable quality of bank assets that decrease the bank credit and make them financially unstable. The macroeconomic variables in this article are as follow: GDP growth rate, economic growth, exchange rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate, government debt. The decrease in this amount of arrears shows the ability of banks to maintain their resources. At this research, after identifying the macroeconomic variables affecting the default of banks using the stress test and applying one standard deviation with the help of the historical scenario, the study examined the banks’ resilience to the shocks of these variables from 2006 to 2019. The results indicated that the shock of the economic growth rate had the greatest effect. In other words, the decrease in the economic growth rate had the greatest effect on the increase of borrowers’ default rates. In addition to this, shocks of economic growth and government debt have highly effect on the borrowers’ default rates and inflation rate, unemployment rate, GDP growth rate and exchange rate have a significant impact upon borrowers’ default rates.