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"Aspinall, Edward"
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The new nationalism in Indonesia
A new nationalist mood is visible in Indonesia, expressed in increasingly bellicose rejection of alleged foreign interference in Indonesia's affairs and in demands for greater international recognition of Indonesia's power and status. This new mood has been visible for several years, but became particularly marked during the 2014 presidential election and under the new Joko Widodo administration. This article analyses Indonesia's new nationalism, especially as manifested in economic, cultural and territorial spheres, noting both continuities with past episodes, and novel features. A chief novelty is contemporary nationalism's markedly non-ideological and nonintellectual form; continuity is visible in its discursive style, with many contemporary nationalists anachronistically reproducing tropes rooted in earlier periods. The article concludes by identifying forces driving the contemporary resurgence of nationalism, notably the effects of democratisation as well as deeper feelings of insecurity about Indonesia's achievements.
Journal Article
Democratization and Ethnic Politics in Indonesia: Nine Theses
After the downfall of President Suharto in 1998, communal violence occurred in several Indonesian provinces, producing an image of the country as one characterized by strong ethnic politics. In this article, I propose that this image is mistaken. The political salience of ethnicity has subsided greatly as a new democratic system has settled into place. Overall, Indonesia is a weakly ethnicized polity. Ethnicity still counts in arenas such as local elections, but what prevails is a soft form of ethnic politics, with few of the deep disputes about ethnohistory or cultural policy that occur in more ethnicized polities. Moreover, rather than producing ethnic polarization, democratization has created powerful new norms of compromise. I present this overarching argument by advancing nine general theses on Indonesian ethnic politics and by pointing to explanations concerning institutional crafting, historical legacies, and the deep architecture of politics, notably the prevalence of patronage. Rather than positing definitive answers, I propose new questions and frameworks for investigating the weakness of ethnic politics in contemporary Indonesia.
Journal Article
Democracy for sale : elections, clientelism, and the state in Indonesia
\"Written on the basis of extensive fieldwork and survey research, Democracy for Sale shows how Indonesian politics is built around the exchange of cash, goods and favors, and organized through informal relationships and networks rather than parties and formal institutions\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Southeast Asia's Troubling Elections: Nondemocratic Pluralism in Indonesia
Though pluralism and democracy are generally seen as being mutually supportive, recent developments in Indonesia suggest that they can also be in tension. Over the last five years, an old social cleavage separating pluralists from Islamists has been reactivated. In the 2019 presidential election, the incumbent, Joko Widodo, won by increasing support from religious minorities and traditionalist Muslims; his authoritarian-populist challenger, Prabowo Subianto, was backed by groups promoting a greater role for Islam in political life. Empowered by this socioreligious polarization, Widodo's government has relied on increasingly illiberal measures to contain the populist-Islamist alliance, undermining some of Indonesia's democratic achievements in the process.
Journal Article
Oligarchic Populism: Prabowo Subianto's Challenge to Indonesian Democracy
In 2014, Indonesian democracy came close to experiencing significant regression when Prabowo Subianto missed winning the presidential election by 6.5 percentage points. Prabowo, a leading hard-line general during the final years of the Suharto regime, aimed to wind back important elements of Indonesia's democratic reforms. This article analyzes the ideological and material foundations of Prabowo's challenge, and its implications for Indonesian democracy. It argues that Prabowo presented a classically populist challenger, advancing an economic nationalist platform and depicting himself as embodying the popular will and as a strong leader who would smash through the corruption gripping the political elite. Prabowo mounted this challenge using economic and political resources that he derived from his position as a leading oligarch. A member of a prominent Suharto-era elite family, his campaign underlined the fusion of informal political and economic power that continues to characterize Indonesia's oligarchy. His campaign, moreover, was supported by a wide array of established parties and entrenched economic interests, pointing not so much to the vulnerability of Indonesian democracy to outsider challenge as to the fragility of many of its core participants' commitment to democratic values and procedures.
Journal Article
Popular Agency and Interests in Indonesia's Democratic Transition and Consolidation
This article reviews the part played by lower class groups in Indonesia's democratic
transition and consolidation. While mainstream analyses emphasize dominance of Indonesian politics
by oligarchs and other elites, this article also finds many new avenues for lower class political
agency. It focuses on two: fragmented activism, through which lower class groups organize and
mobilize to advance their own interests, and electoral populism, by which candidates for elective
office respond to the preferences of poor voters by offering them policy concessions. The article
illustrates these propositions by focusing on the labor movement and healthcare programs.
Journal Article