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This study investigates whether the ownership of a retirement program is owned only by those who have a purpose in life in old age or also owned by those who focus on working well now and do not have a purpose in life in old age. The study population is employees, and entrepreneurs who have worked, with sample criteria have a steady income with a specific educational background. The number of samples is 52 respondents. The result revealed that having the purpose of life in old age, and focusing on the purpose of life at the moment encourage someone to have a pension program. The results of the study stated that the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable appeared weak. The independent variable \"has the purpose of old age life\" and the independent variable \"focus on life goals current\" can explain 0.69 % of the dependent variable \"has retirement fund program.

This paper is a review of some experiments using black soldier fly (BSF) and its by-product to explore their nutritional value, production potential in Indonesia and its application in the ration of ruminants. Evaluation on the effect of milk replacer, creep feed containing BSF, BSF frass and the possibility to use lactic acid bacteria from BSF as probiotics are presented. Utilization of BSF larvae in milk replacer as skim and cream milk substitute showed that there were similarity on physiological, hematological status and performance of goat kids compared to those offered goat milk or commercial milk replacer. In addition, BSF larvae can be used to substitute soybean meal in the creep feed for post weaning goat kids without any differences in weight gain and blood profiles. However, utilization of BSF frass in the fattening goat ration resulted lower digestibility of dry matter and organic matter due to the chitin content in the frass. Black soldier fly larvae grown on chicken manure harbour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have potential as probiotics for ruminants. In general, BSF larvae has potential as ingredient for milk replacer, creep feed, fattening ration, and source of LAB for probiotics.

Individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation are essentials for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to drive their performance, including surviving or even growing during economic crises. The entrepreneur’s gender might have an impact on those relationships. Hence, this study aims to analyze whether there were some differences in the five dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation and differences in the influence of individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation on performance between male and female entrepreneurs. The study was performed through an online survey of 352 SME owners in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that all dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation are valid for developing this construct, but only the risk-taking dimension distinguishes male and female entrepreneurs the most. Male entrepreneurs are more willing to take risks than female. Furthermore, individual entrepreneurial orientation affects performance mediated by innovation, and this effect is not different between male and female entrepreneurs. These findings enrich the literature on the impact of gender on entrepreneurial orientation and the influence of innovation on SME performance. In Indonesia, individual entrepreneurial orientation affects performance assisted by innovation; however, this influence is not different for SMEs managed by male and female entrepreneurs. AcknowledgmentWe acknowledge and thank all of the respondents and parties who supported this research. This study was funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Engagement, Universitas Indonesia, contract number NKB-1782/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2020.

In the last ten years, insects have been widely recognized for food and feed. Many studies using insects (Black soldier fly, cricket and silkworm pupae) as feed to explore their nutritional value and apply it in some animal rations as an alternative source of protein and fat. Data showed that Black soldier fly (BSF) has high protein and fat, especially lauric acid which potential as an antibacterial pathogen. In vitro study showed that BSF extracted could phagocyte 99% of pathogen bacteria such as E coli and S aureus. Meanwhile, cricket has also high fat and protein, including glutamic acid for brain development, and mineral Fe has to support hemoglobin synthesis. Silkworm pupae contain 67.48% of unsaturated fatty acid with linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3) which very good as a steroid hormone precursor. Application insects to substitute imported ingredients (Casein, fish, meat bone, and soybean meal) in poultry diets resulted in a good performance and the animal still healthy with low mortality. The BSF and cricket meal as part of milk replacer could produce ADG of pre-weaning goat/sheep around 100-120 g/h/d, meanwhile if those ingredients are used as part of creep feed, the daily gain of post-weaning goat/sheep could be more than 150 g/h/d. Application of silkworm meal as a substitute for the fish meal could improve egg quality and quantity of laying quail. It was concluded that insects have the potential to be used as a protein source in the poultry and pre-weaning small ruminant rations without any negative effect on the animal.

This paper examines the significance of gendered counterterrorism cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia. The rising threat of female terrorism in both countries underscores the urgent need for a gendered approach to counterterrorism efforts. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with government officials, civil society organisations, and former female ISIS sympathisers. This article is divided into explanations in the form of a significant gap in existing counterterrorism strategies, particularly regarding gender and explains the gender exploitation of female ISIS sympathisers. The findings underscore the urgent need for a gender-sensitive approach to address the root causes of female involvement in terrorism effectively and to prevent future radicalisation. In conclusion, the findings also highlight the potential of gender-based analysis to inform the development of more effective counterterrorism strategies that can be applied in the case of Indonesia and Malaysia.

The identification of chemical compounds in Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) endosperm has been done. The extraction of chemical compounds in Nipah endosperm has been done using the maceration method with heating and followed with absorbs-desorbs on active carbon given ethanol fraction. The result obtained was a brownish-yellow fraction. The phytochemical screening test did on endosperm and ethanol fraction. Phytochemical screening results showed that the Nipah endosperm contains phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, and saponin compounds, while the ethanol fraction of Nipah endosperm did not contain alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, phenolic, tannin, and saponin compounds. Based on UV-vis, IR, and GCMS spectra, the ethanol fraction contains of furfural compounds.

The high moisture content of kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca), a nutrient-rich by-product, limited its direct use as substrate for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three drying methods: air drying (P1); oven-drying at 40°C (P2); and oven-drying at 60°C (P3), on the moisture reduction, moisture ratio (MR), and total phenolic content (TPC) of banana peels over six days. Moisture content was determined using a two-stage gravimetric oven-drying method, MR was modeled using the Page equation, and TPC was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. All treatments began with similar initial moisture content (86.41%) and phenolic content (134.84 mg GAE/g). P3 reached the optimal BSFL substrate moisture range (64.77%) by day 3 but continued drying to 3.93% by day 6, requiring rehydration. P1 and P2 reached the target moisture range more gradually by day 6 (60.63% and 63.43%), show better energy efficiency. P1 and P2 preserved most phenolics, while P3 drying caused a >90% loss. These findings suggest that air drying, low-temperature, or short-duration high-temperature drying treatments could optimize substrate preparation for BSFL while preserving functional compounds.

IntroductionWolfram syndrome (WFS1-Spectrum Disorder) is an ultra-rare monogenic form of progressive neurodegeneration and diabetes mellitus. In common with most rare diseases, there are no therapies to slow or stop disease progression. Sodium valproate, an anticonvulsant with neuroprotective properties, is anticipated to mediate its effect via alteration of cell cycle kinetics, increases in p21cip1 expression levels and reduction in apoptosis and increase in Wolframin protein expression. To date, there have been no multicentre randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of treatments for neurodegeneration in patients with Wolfram syndrome.Methods and analysisTREATWOLFRAM is an international, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial designed to investigate whether 36-month treatment with up to 40 mg/kg/day of sodium valproate will slow the rate of loss of visual acuity as a biomarker for neurodegeneration in patients with Wolfram syndrome. Patients who satisfied the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive two times per day oral gastro-resistant sodium valproate tablets up to a maximum dose of 800 mg 12 hourly or sodium valproate-matched placebo. Using hierarchical repeated measures analyses with a 5% significance level, 80% power and accounting for an estimated 15% missing data rate, a sample size of 70 was set. The primary outcome measure, visual acuity, will be centrally reviewed and analysed on an intention-to-treat population.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Service (West of Scotland; 18/WS/0020) and by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Recruitment into TREATWOLFRAM started in January 2019 and ended in November 2021. The treatment follow-up of TREATWOLFRAM participants is ongoing and due to finish in November 2024. Updates on trial progress are disseminated via Wolfram Syndrome UK quarterly newsletters and at family conferences for patient support groups. The findings of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03717909.

In Indonesia, basic community health services are provided to all citizens through Primary Health Care (PHC) settings under the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme. The insurance is compulsory and provides basic community health needs. Based on a gatekeeper concept, the PHC is deemed to be the first contact point for all basic healthcare needs. Despite the commencement of services through PHC settings in 2014 under this concept, utilization in PHC settings remains lower than in hospital settings. This study aimed to assess factors associated with utilization of PHC under National Health Insurance in Samarinda Municipality, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The research examined the utilization of services over six months. It employed a cross-sectional method and included 382 NHI participants in 10 districts of Samarinda Municipality. Each district was divided into urban and semi-urban areas based upon local government indicators representing the whole research area. A two-stage random sampling and purposive sampling approach was implemented to select the sample. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to determine the impact of factors on the utilization of PHC. Only 17.3% of participants used PHC services regularly. Three constitutive factors, type of NHI participants (Adj. OR: 2.62; p<0.005), accommodation (Adj. OR: 2.18; p<0.005) and awareness (Adj. OR: 3.27; p<0.005) most profoundly influenced the under-utilization of PHC by NHI participants. The study found that the type of NHI participant and the utilization factors of accommodation and awareness significantly influenced the degree of utilization of PHC facilities by NHI participants and that the differences arose from variations in knowledge and experience. Strengthening these factors will rely upon an expanded role of government and community collaboration, emphasizing the needs of NHI participants.

After two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, research on travel risk perception has been dominated by the study of health risks as a significant factor that influences tourists’ purchase behavior toward tourism and hospitality products, such as accommodation selection. However, research on other travel-risk-related factors remains limited. This study aimed to fill this gap in the literature. Through exploratory factor analysis, the study explored various risk perception factors toward staying in tourist accommodation among tourists during the easing of travel restrictions in Indonesia. Through a survey of 411 foreign and domestic tourists, the study identified 22 risk items and categorized the items into the following 5 dimensions of risk perception: potential loss risk (six items, 39.9% variance), psychological risk (five items, 9.1% variance), health risk (four items, 5.7% variance), social risk (three items, 5.3% variance), and financial risk (four items, 4.7% variance). This study is one of the few studies on risk perception that proposes a multi-dimensional approach rather than a single-dimension approach to risk perception in the hospitality context. These findings may enhance the literature on travel risk perception amidst the crisis and contribute to tourism recovery strategies in the post-pandemic era.