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01 02 This book is an exciting additionto themigration studies literature, presentingresearch conducted in Britain, France and South Africa which explores the migration experiences of African families across two generations.Global processes of African migration areexamined through a comparative approach that employs an intergenerational lens to uncover the ways in which familial relations, citizenship and belonging are shaped post-migration. This comparative approach explores the commonalities of African migration as well as the differential impacts as a result of particular socio-cultural contexts and national migration regimes. The book enables readers to learn about the lived experiences of African migrants in areas such as citizenship, belonging, intergenerational transmission, work, education, social mobility and discrimination. 04 02 Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: Citizenship, Belonging and Intergenerational Relations in African Migration; J.Cook & J.Hoffman African Migration in its National and Global Context; J.Barou, P.Aigner & B.Mbenga From Generation to Generation: Changing Family Relations, Citizenship and Belonging; C.Attias-Donfut & L.Waite Typical Migration Stories: Comparing Trajectories of African Migration; V.Roos, J.Cook, S.Aouici, R.Gallou & P.Aigner Country Monographs: France; J.Barou Country Monographs: Britain; L.Waite & P.Aigner Country Monographs: Post-Apartheid South Africa; I.Kalule-Sabiti, A .Yaw Amoateng, B.Mbenga & J.Hoffman Understanding African Migration: Intergenerational Relations, Citizenship and Belonging in a Comparative Context; C.Attias-Donfut, J.Cook & J.Hoffman References Bibliography 02 02 This book explores migration experiences of African families across two generations in Britain, France and South Africa. Global processes of African migration are investigated, and the lived experiences of African migrants are explored in areas such as citizenship, belonging, intergenerational transmission, work and social mobility. 19 02 Examines migration across generations and examines the evolution of intergenerational relationships post-migration Focus is on African migration to France, Britain and South Africa Focuses on key areas of research in migration - belonging and integration Examines and compares lived experiences of migration 13 02 CLAUDINE ATTIAS-DONFUT is Director of the Ageing Research Department of the CNAV (National Retirement Fund of Public Social Security), France. She has authored numerous books including The Myth of Generational Conflict: Family and the State in Ageing Societies (co-edited with S. Arber), Grandparenting: The Family Across Generations (with M. Segalen), and Putting Down Roots. JOANNE COOK Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Organisational Ethics in the Hull Business School, Hull University, UK. JACO HOFFMAN Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, UK. LOUISE WAITE Senior Lecturer in Human Geography in the School of Geographyat the University of Leeds, UK. 31 02 This book explores the diverse lived experiences of two generations of African migrants living in post-colonial Britain and France and post-Apartheid South Africa

The ageing of Western societies has provoked extensive sociological debate, surrounding both the role of the state and whether it can afford the cost of an ageing population, and the role of the family, especially women, in supporting older people. In this important book, the authors examine how changes, such as cuts in welfare provision, migration, urbanization and individualisation influence intergenerational relations. The collection addresses theoretical and policy issues connecting age and generation with the family and social policy, and focuses both on cross-cultural comparison within societies and analysis based on a range of societies. This edited collection brings together a range of leading researchers and theorists from across Europe to advance a sociological understanding of generational relations, in terms of the state and the family and how they are interlinked. It will be of interest to academics and researchers in sociology, social policy and ageing, and to policy makers concerned with the implications of demographic and policy changes.

This study examined whether formal care services delivered to frail older people's homes in France and Israel substitute for or complement informal support. The two countries have comparable family welfare systems but many historical, cultural and religious differences. Data for the respondents aged 75 or more years at the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were analysed. Regressions were examined of three patterns of care from outside the household: informal support only, formal support only and both formal and informal care, with the predictor variables including whether informal help was provided by a family member living in the household. The results revealed that about one-half of the respondents received no help at all (France 51%, Israel 55%), about one-tenth received care from a household member (France 8%, Israel 10%), and one-third were helped by informal carers from outside the household (France 34%, Israel 33%). More French respondents (35%) received formal care services at home than Israelis (27%). Most predictors of the care patterns were similar in the two countries. The analysis showed that complementarity is a common outcome of the co-existence of formal and informal care, and that mixed provision occurs more frequently in situations of greater need. It is also shown that spouse care-givers had less formal home-care supports than either co-resident children or other family care-givers. Even so, spouses, children and other family care-givers all had considerable support from formal home-delivered care.

The ageing of the European population is expected to strongly influence both the structure of family relations and the pattern of private transfers between generations. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe conducted from the perspective of adults aged 50 and above in ten European countries, we provide an analysis of financial and time transfers, either given or received. Our results show that cash gifts mainly flow to the younger generations, while time transfers are directed both upwards and downwards. When comparing the countries, we find some remarkable similarity in the pattern of transfers, although there are inter-country differences. These differences sometimes follow the expected north-south European gradient, but not always. The results suggest that the social and demographic transformations currently taking place in Europe often have contradictory and paradoxical effects upon the nature of intergenerational exchanges.

This article presents an analysis of relations between generations, within the family, & with public-private interface, based on the study of cultural transmission & forms of mutual assistance. It uses data from a three-generation survey built in such a way that the notion of generation becomes operative, by making family, historical, & welfare generations coincide. The results show that transmission & transfer between generation, similar to the way they operate in family interactions, work as mediators of social change, transmission links of the welfare state, & economic & social regulators. The relations between generations are closely connected to the relations between sexes. Social mobility plays an important role in the determination of their solidarity & of their cultural influence. This study also shows the necessity to take into account a minimum of three generations in order to perceive the temporal dimension that established the specificity of these relations. 9 Tables, 3 Appendixes, 70 References. Adapted from the source document.

Cet article présente une analyse des rapports de générations, dans la famille et à l'interface public/privé, à travers l'étude des transmissions culturelles et des formes d'entraide. Il s'appuie sur les données d'une enquête trigénérationnelle, dont la construction permet de rendre opératoire la notion de génération, en faisant coïncider générations familiales, générations historiques et générations du welfare. Les résultats montrent que les transmissions et transferts entre générations, tels qu'ils se jouent dans les interactions familiales, fonctionnent à la fois comme médiateurs du changement social, courroies de transmission du welfare state et régulateurs économiques et sociaux. Les rapports de générations sont étroitement articulés aux rapports de sexes. La mobilité sociale joue un rôle important dans le fonctionnement de leurs solidarités et de leurs influences culturelles. Cette étude montre aussi la nécessité de prendre en compte un minimum de trois générations pour appréhender la dimension temporelle qui fonde la spécificité de ces rapports. /// This article presents an analysis of relations between generations, within the family and with public/private interface, based on the study of cultural transmission and forms of mutual assistance. It uses data from a three-generation survey built in such a way that the notion of generation becomes operative, by making family, historical and welfare generations coincide. The results show that transmission and transfer between generations, similar to the way they operate in family interactions, work as mediators of social change, transmission links of the welfare state and economic and social regulators. The relations between generations are closely connected to the relations between sexes. Social mobility plays an important role in the determination of their solidarity and of their cultural influence. This study also shows the necessity to take into account a minimum of three generations in order to perceive the temporal dimension which establishes the specificity of these relations. /// Dieser Aufsatz legt eine Untersuchung der Generationsbeziehungen vor, innerhalb der Familie und an der Schnittstelle öffentlich/privat, mit Hilfe einer Studie der Kulturübertragungen oder der verschiedenen Formen der gegenseitigen Hilfe. Er stützt sich auf die Daten einer Dreigenerationsuntersuchung, deren Aufbau erlaubt, den Begriff der Generation zu nutzen und dazu die Familien-, die historische-, und die Welfaregenerationen zu vereinen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Übertragungen und Transfers zwischen den Generationen, wie sie in den Interaktionen der Familien gehen, sowohl als Vermittler des sozialen Wechsels arbeiten, als auch als Treibriemen des Wohlfahrtsstaats und als sozialer und wirtschaftlicher Regulator. Die Generationsbeziehungen sind stark von den Geschlechtsbeziehungen geprägt. Die Sozialmobilität spielt eine bedeutende Rolle im Wirken ihrer Solidaritäten und kultureller Einflüsse. Diese Untersuchung zeigt außerdem die Notwendigkeit auf, mindestens drei Generationen zu berücksichtigen, um die zeitliche Dimension zu erfassen, die die Besonderheit dieser Beziehungen begründet. /// Mediante el estudio de los legados culturales y de las formas de ayuda mutua este artículo presenta un análisis de los informes generacionales, dentro de la familia y en las relaciones público/privado. Apoyándose en los datos obtenidos en una encuesta tri-generacional, su análisis y construcción permite volver operativa la noción de generación, y también hace coincidir generaciones familiares, generaciones históricas y generaciones de welfare. Los resultados muestran que los legados culturales y transferencias entre generaciones, tal como se realizan en las interacciones familiares, funcionan a la vez como mediadoras del cambio social, soportes de transmisión del welfare state y reguladores económicos y sociales. Las relaciones generacionales están intimamente vinculados a las relaciones de los sexos. La movilidad social juega un papel importante en el funcionamiento de sus solidaridades y de sus influencias culturales. Este estudio muestra también la necesidad de considerar como mínimo tres generaciones para comprender la dimensión temporal en la que se basa la especificidad de esas relaciones.

The mobility of old people is a focus of growing attention. Among immigrants, as among the rest of the population, retirement results in increased mobility, with some retirees even choosing to return to their home country. In this article, Claudine ATTIAS-DONFUT and François-Charles WOLFF examine the burial location preferences of persons born outside France. Using a survey conducted among immigrants aged 45 to 70, they show that people are by no means indifferent to the question of their future burial site, especially as they increase in age. The determinants of the preference for burial in France or in the home country are numerous and complex. Women choose their home country less often than men, and immigrants living in France from an early age tend to prefer burial in their country of adoption. Family geography also plays a key role in determining preferences. The authors show that other independent factors are also involved, since for an equal duration of migration, Muslims always have a stronger desire than others to be buried in their home country. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]