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Set in Sydney, Australia, 'Courting Samira' is a charming and frothy romantic comedy about a twenty-seven-year-old Muslim woman who finds herself in an unexpected love triangle - a sparkling ode to meddling best friends, traditional courtship, The Princess Bride, and, of course, the possibility of love.

Background The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and forms of workplace violence (WPV) at the emergency departments (EDs) of Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUH), Cairo and identify risk factors for WPV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the EDs of ASUH comprising attending physicians and nurses using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with patients and relatives attending these departments to explore attitudes toward WPV against healthcare workers. Results The present study comprised 108 healthcare professionals working in EDs. Verbal violence was the most common type of WPV (86.1%), followed by sexual (48.1%) and physical violence (34.3%). Patient relatives were the most common perpetrator of all types of violence. A lack of facilities was the most common risk factor for violence (82.4%), followed by overcrowding (50.9%) and patient culture (47.2%). On the other hand, approximately 78% of interviewed patients and relatives agreed that the occurrence of violence at EDs was due to several triggering factors, including improper manner of communication by healthcare workers (63.2%), lack of facilities (32.4%), waiting time (22.1%), and unmet expectations (22.1%). Conclusion WPV represents a significant issue in EDs with violent behavior against healthcare workers widely accepted by attending patients.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampicillin resistance gene type C (ampC) in foodborne Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) pose a severe public health risk, especially when they combine with other critical resistance genes to produce a reservoir of resistance. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the prevalence, phenotypic, and genotypic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in C. freundii isolates obtained from diseased broiler chickens and native Egyptian buffaloes in Kafr El-Sheikh and Dakahlia governorates, Egypt. Also, the investigation of the antibacterial activity of chitosan (CS) 1%, 2%, and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs), including the estimation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and their combinations with ciprofloxacin (CIP), were evaluated. C. freundii was detected in 57.58% (19/33) of broiler chickens and 52.63% (20/38) of buffalo. Surprisingly, 26.32% (5/19) and 20% (4/20) of chicken and buffalo samples, respectively were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 42.11% (8/19) and 15% (3/20) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and 31.58% (6/19) and 65% (13/20) were pan drug-like-resistant (PDR). High frequencies of resistance genes were observed, including int1, dfrA1, sul2, aadA1, qnrA, and bla (≥ 80%), while other genes such as ermB, bla , bla , tet(M), mcr-1, bla and catA1 were detected at variable rates. Alarmingly, all ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates co-harbored multiple critical resistance genes. CSNPs showed markedly lower MIC and MBC values compared with 1% and 2% CS, indicating significantly stronger bactericidal activity. The concerning prevalence of PDR like-C. freundii in food animals is brought to light by our results, which also provide credence to the use of 2% CS-CIP and CSNPs-CIP combinations as potential substitute treatments for resistant infections.

Late in his intellectual life, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī espoused a dualistic position on the nature of the soul, denying that the soul is in any sense a material body. This view, which in broad terms concurs with Avicenna’s, sets al-Rāzī in opposition to the theologians’ materialistic stance. To make his position clear, in his last work Almaṭālib al-Rāzī sets out a comprehensive case for the theologians’ materialism, before critiquing that position. This paper offers a reconstruction of al-Rāzī’s arguments for the theologians’ materialism, providing an insight into arguments in the philosophy of mind during the Islamic Middle Ages.

Background Avian-pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are pathogenic strains of E. coli that are responsible for one of the most predominant bacterial disease affecting poultry worldwide called avian colibacillosis. This study describes the genetic determinants implicated in antimicrobial resistance among APEC isolated from different broiler farms in Egypt. Methods A total of 116 APEC were investigated by serotyping, antimicrobial resistance patterns to 10 antimicrobials, and the genetic mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes. Results Antibiogram results showed that the highest resistance was observed for ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. The detected carriage rate of integron was 29.3% (34/116). Further characterization of gene cassettes revealed the presence gene cassettes encoding resistance to trimethoprim ( dfrA1 , dfrA5 , dfrA7 , dfrA12 ), streptomycin/spectinomycin ( aadA1 , aadA2 , aadA5, aadA23 ), and streptothricin ( sat2 ). To our knowledge, this the first description of the presence of aadA23 in APEC isolates. Analysis of other antimicrobial resistance types not associated with integrons revealed the predominance of resistance genes encoding resistance to tetracycline ( tetA and tetB ), ampicillin ( bla TEM ), chloramphenicol ( cat1 ), kanamycin ( aphA1 ), and sulphonamide ( sul1 and sul2 ). Among ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, the S83L mutation was the most frequently substitution observed in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA (56.3%). The bla TEM and bla CTX−M−1 genes were the most prevalent among APEC isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESβL). Conclusions These findings provided important clues about the role of integron-mediated resistance genes together with other independent resistance genes and chromosomal mutations in shaping the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from poultry farms in Egypt.

Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE) became a persistent problem that had a major financial impact on the poultry business worldwide. Nevertheless, no prior research has assessed the related risk factors in Egyptian broiler farms. Thus, the purpose of this study is to perform an epidemiological analysis of C. perfringens occurrence, toxinotyping, and risk factors in El-Dakhlia and Damietta provinces, Egypt as well as their characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing. From 25 broiler farms, 1100 samples were gathered. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular typing were used to characterize the isolates. The findings revealed an overall prevalence of 26.3% (289/1100) from chickens’ clinical samples (30.3%; 273/900) and farm environmental samples (8%; 16/200). Toxinotyping of 289 isolates showed that 165 (57.1%) isolates were C. perfringens type A, harboring only alpha toxin gene ( cpa ) while 124 (42.9%) isolates were C. perfringens type G, containing net B gene. The cpb2 genes were found in 66 (22.8%) isolates with the highest positive rate from dead birds. Additionally, the study found a number of possible risk variables that were substantially linked to the prevalence of C. perfringens , including location in Damietta, winter season, history of coccidia infection, use of antimicrobial growth promoters, birds older than 22 days, wet litter type, and biosecurity strategy. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant association between C. perfringens infection and grower chickens (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.05–4.21, p = 0.037) compared to starter chickens. The isolates displayed their highest resistance rate to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (94.5%), erythromycin, imipenem (94.1% each), penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin (90.7% each), ampicillin/sulbactam (89.9%), cefuroxime and cefepime (85.8%), nalidixic acid (85.1%), and tetracycline (78.9%). Remarkably, none of the strains were resistant to meropenem. Multidrug-resistant was observed in 94.5% strains with MAR index of 0.32–0.79. The resistance genes carried by different strains were obviously different, among which the detection rate of aminoglycoside resistance gene aphA1 , was the highest (100%), followed by bla TEM (85.8%), erm B, qnr S (85.1%), sul 1 (80.6%), tet A(78.9%), drf A-1 (75.1%), qnr D, sul 2 (60.2%), cat A (57.4%), aad A (57.4%), amp C, mef A, qnr A (50.2%), bla CTX (46%), and tet M (42.2%). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was used to classify these isolates into eight different genotypes according to sampling place and sample type. The epidemiological information from this study was helpful in determining the danger of clostridial infection linked to Egyptian broiler farms. Our results also show that in order to combat multidrug resistance, new medications and antibiotic substitutes are required. The importance of conducting more surveys to better understand the prevalence of C. perfringens infection under strict management circumstances for various flock purposes cannot be overstated.

Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), a common commensal and opportunistic pathogen, circulates freely across interconnected human, animal, and environmental reservoirs, embodying the One Health concept. Its key virulence factors—urease activity, swarming motility, and biofilm formation—drive severe urinary tract infections, particularly catheter-associated ones. These virulence traits concurrently facilitate the acquisition and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) via mobile genetic elements, leading to extensively drug-resistant clones. Epidemiological and genomic evidence confirms that identical multidrug-resistant clones and resistance mechanisms (ESBLs, carbapenemases) are shared among human clinical isolates, livestock, food products, and environmental samples. This demonstrates continuous, multi-directional transmission through interconnected zoonotic, foodborne, and environmental pathways. The synergistic convergence of potent virulence and escalating AMR within shared reservoirs heightens public health risks. Effective containment therefore demands integrated One Health strategies: enhanced cross-sectorial surveillance, stringent antimicrobial stewardship, robust infection control, and the creation of novel treatments. A coordinated global response is crucial to curb the spread of resistant P. mirabilis and preserve antibiotic efficacy.

Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) serves as a multi-host–pathogen regarded as an alarming foodborne infectious disease, causing illnesses of variable severity in both livestock and human beings. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and associated antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of P. mirabilis isolates obtained from diseased broiler chickens and native Egyptian buffaloes in Kafr El-Sheikh and Dakahlia governorates, Egypt. In addition, this study investigated the antibacterial activity of chitosan (CS) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs), including the estimation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CS at concentrations of 1% and 2%, as well as CSNPs. Furthermore, the sub-MIC values were utilized to assess the inhibitory effects of CS and CSNPs on swarming motility. P. mirabilis was detected in 68% (34/50) of broiler chickens and 40.74% (11/27) of buffaloes. Interestingly, all P. mirabilis isolates were tested against 21 antimicrobial drugs and showed high resistance against either critical, highly important, or important antimicrobial drugs. For chicken-originated P. mirabilis, 50% (17/34) of isolates were revealed to be extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and 50% (17/34) of isolates were revealed to be pan-drug-resistant (PDR). Meanwhile, 9.09% (1/11) of buffalo-originated P. mirabilis isolates were revealed to be XDR and 90.91% (10/11) of the isolates were revealed to be PDR. Among P. mirabilis isolates from broiler chickens, the prevalence of resistance genes was as follows: int1 (97.06%), dfrA1 (100%), sul2 (97.06%), catA1 (44.12%), aadA1 (97.06%), tet(M) (81.82%), ermB (23.53%), msrA (0%), qnrA (47.06%), qnrS (0%), gyrA (0%), mcr-1 (11.76%), blaTEM (97.06%), blaCTX-M (26.47%), blaOXA-10 (2.94%), blaCMY-2 (41.18%), and blaSHV (0%). The corresponding detection rates in buffalo-derived isolates were 100%, 100%, 90.91%, 63.64%, 100%, 70.59%, 18.18%, 0%, 9.09%, 0%, 0%, 18.18%, 81.82%, 18.18%, 18.18%, 63.64%, and 0%, respectively. Carbapenemase genes were found in none of the isolates from either species. CSNPs demonstrated superior antibacterial and anti-virulence activity against resistant P. mirabilis. CSNPs exhibited significantly lower MIC (0.067–0.081 mg/mL) and MBC (0.167–0.177 mg/mL) values compared with conventional CS formulations (MIC: 3.25–4.5 mg/mL; MBC: 6.67–9.08 mg/mL) in both broiler and buffalo isolates. In inhibition zone assays, the CSNPs + ciprofloxacin (CIP) combination showed the highest efficacy with a 50–58% increase in the inhibition area. Both CSNPs and CS 2% substantially reduced swarming motility by 45–52%, with CSNPs showing the strongest inhibitory effect. These outcomes highlight how P. mirabilis carries and disseminates antibiotic resistance, presenting serious threats to health policy and livestock. Also, CS or CSNPs, either alone or enhanced with CIP, are effective in vitro against resistant P. mirabilis, which promotes the treatment of Proteus infections to guarantee a bactericidal impact.

Avian pathogenic (APEC) is pathogenic strains of that are responsible for one of the most common bacterial diseases affecting poultry worldwide. This study was designed to determine the occurrence, antibiotic resistance profile, and antibiotic resistance genes of isolated from diseased and freshly dead broilers. In that context, a total of 200 broilers samples were examined by standard microbiological techniques for isolation of , and tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility against 15 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion method. In addition, isolates were screened by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of a number of resistance genes including gene encodes streptomycin/neomycin, encodes resistance to tetracycline, sul1 encodes sulfonamides, and β-lactamase encoding genes (bla and bla ). A total of 73 (36.5%) isolates were biochemically identified as strains. O78, O2, and O1 are the most prevalent serotypes detected. displayed a high resistance against penicillin (100%), followed by cefepime (95.8%) and a low resistance to norfloxacin (36.9%), and chloramphenicol (30%). Depending on the results of PCR, 1 gene was the most predominant antibiotic resistant gene (87%) followed by bla (78%), genes (60%), and (54%). However, bla had the lowest prevalence (23%). The obtained results demonstrated the importance of studies on APEC and antibiotic resistance genes in our region which associated with intensive poultry industry, aiming to acquire preventive measures to minimize losses due to APEC and associated multidrug-resistance and resistance genes that of high significance to the rational use of antibiotics in clinical and public health.