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The main objective of this study was to show and analyze the representation of alienation in selected Amharic films. The films selected for the analysis include T'eza (Morning Dew) (2008) by Haile Gerima and SÉlä ʾänÉci (About you) (2009) by Belay Getaneh. The study explores how the selected Amharic films depict characters facing estrangement and marginalization in Ethiopian society, focusing on their struggles with alienation and identity. It aims to uncover the psychological and social dynamics behind these experiences and provide insights into themes of identity, loss, and societal exclusion. Using psychoanalytic and Marxist theories, the study analyzed the psychological, cultural, political, and social dimensions of alienation portrayed in these films. This study is sought with an interpretative paradigm and qualitative approach, employing narrative and descriptive designs. The films serve as the primary source of data, supplemented by secondary data from journals, books, and internet sources to provide additional context and theoretical support. The study highlights varied experiences of alienation among main characters, aiming to deepen understanding of this theme in Ethiopian cinema and inform efforts to address alienation in Ethiopian society. The significance of the study lies in its contribution to understanding this theme within the Ethiopian context, specifically through the lens of Amharic films. In conclusion, the study's findings and analysis can inform discussions and interventions aimed at addressing alienation and its consequences in Ethiopian society.

The main objective of this study was to show and analyze the representation of alienation in selected Amharic films. The films selected for the analysis include T'eza (Morning Dew) (2008) by Haile Gerima and SÉlä ʾänÉci (About you) (2009) by Belay Getaneh. The study explores how the selected Amharic films depict characters facing estrangement and marginalization in Ethiopian society, focusing on their struggles with alienation and identity. It aims to uncover the psychological and social dynamics behind these experiences and provide insights into themes of identity, loss, and societal exclusion. Using psychoanalytic and Marxist theories, the study analyzed the psychological, cultural, political, and social dimensions of alienation portrayed in these films. This study is sought with an interpretative paradigm and qualitative approach, employing narrative and descriptive designs. The films serve as the primary source of data, supplemented by secondary data from journals, books, and internet sources to provide additional context and theoretical support. The study highlights varied experiences of alienation among main characters, aiming to deepen understanding of this theme in Ethiopian cinema and inform efforts to address alienation in Ethiopian society. The significance of the study lies in its contribution to understanding this theme within the Ethiopian context, specifically through the lens of Amharic films. In conclusion, the study's findings and analysis can inform discussions and interventions aimed at addressing alienation and its consequences in Ethiopian society.

The main objective of this study was to show and analyze the representation of alienation in selected Amharic films. The films selected for the analysis include T’eza (Morning Dew) (2008) by Haile Gerima and Səlä ʾänəči (About you) (2009) by Belay Getaneh. The study explores how the selected Amharic films depict characters facing estrangement and marginalization in Ethiopian society, focusing on their struggles with alienation and identity. It aims to uncover the psychological and social dynamics behind these experiences and provide insights into themes of identity, loss, and societal exclusion. Using psychoanalytic and Marxist theories, the study analyzed the psychological, cultural, political, and social dimensions of alienation portrayed in these films. This study is sought with an interpretative paradigm and qualitative approach, employing narrative and descriptive designs. The films serve as the primary source of data, supplemented by secondary data from journals, books, and internet sources to provide additional context and theoretical support. The study highlights varied experiences of alienation among main characters, aiming to deepen understanding of this theme in Ethiopian cinema and inform efforts to address alienation in Ethiopian society. The significance of the study lies in its contribution to understanding this theme within the Ethiopian context, specifically through the lens of Amharic films. In conclusion, the study’s findings and analysis can inform discussions and interventions aimed at addressing alienation and its consequences in Ethiopian society.

Amharic literature has always occupied an important place in the history of the literary traditions of Ethiopia. Although this literature is believed to be strongly related to the politics of the country, there has been no study that proves this claim across the different political periods in the country. It would be ambitious to deal with all the literary genres in this respect. Therefore, delimiting the investigation of the problem is considered to be useful to filling the knowledge gap. Accordingly, this comparative research which investigates a representation of Ethiopian politics in selected Amharic novels across three political periods: 1930 – 2010 was designed.The objective of the research is to investigate the representation of Ethiopian politics in selected Amharic novels. The basic research question focuses on how these representations can be explained. An eclectic theoretical approach (the New Historicism, Bourdieu’s System Theory and the Critical Discourse Analysis) is employed to understand the representations. The main method of data collection focuses on a close reading of non-literary and literary texts. A purposive sampling technique is used to select the sample novels as the technique allows to select those that yield the most relevant data using some criteria. Based on the criteria set, sixteen novels are selected. The manners in which the political events represented in the novels are examined using different parameters. The parameters also look into the methods used in representing the political events and the time in which the events were represented, i.e. whether they are represented contemporarily, post-contemporarily or before the actual happening of the event.Having read the novels critically, the political events that took place in the three respective states are identified, analyzed and interpreted. The analysis mainly shows that different novels represented the political events in different manners: lightly or deeply, overtly or covertly, positively or negatively, contemporaneously or post-contemporaneously. Regarding the ‘how’ of the representations, it is observed that the critical novels, for instance, Alïwälädïm and Adäfrïsare covert and use symbols, direct and indirect allusions and other figures of speeches, and other techniques including turn taking, and size of dialogues to achieve their goals. Some political events are found to be either under-represented or totally un-represented in the novels. In some cases, same political events are represented differently in different novels at different times. Some novels that criticized the political events of the governments contemporaneously have been removed from market, republished in the political period that followed and exploited by the emerging government for its political end.There are some patterns observed in the analyses and interpretations of the politics in the novels. One of the patterns is that sharp criticisms on the events of an earlier political period are usually reflected in novels published in a new period. The critique novels of the Haileselassie government, for instance, Maïbäl Yabïyot Wazema, were published during the Darg period, and those that were critical of the Darg government, for instance, Anguz, were published in the EPRDF period. Another pattern observed is that there is no novel that praises a past regime, even despite being critical of a contemporary government. No novel written during the Darg period admired the Haileselassie period; and no novel written during the EPRDF period appreciated the Darg period.

IntroductionZero-dose children refer to a child who has not yet received any childhood vaccines. Globally, zero-dose children are the major public health problem. In sub-Saharan African countries, one among five children do not have access to vaccines. But the efforts to identify the factors contributing to the zero-dose children are not well addressed in Ethiopia.ObjectivesTo assess individual and community-level maternal factors of zero-dose children in Ethiopia using mini-Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2019.MethodsA secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study was used among a total of 3208 participants. STATA-14 was used for descriptive and multilevel binary logistic regression (mixed effects model) analysis. Model selection was conducted using Akaike information criteria. To identify significant factors for zero-dose children, a p value of <0.05 with 95% CI was used.ResultsThe prevalence of zero-dose children among children aged 12–35 months was 523 (16.3%, 95% CI 15% to 17.6%). Women with no antenatal care follow-up (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.55, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.35), uneducated women (AOR=1.47, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.95), women who gave birth at home (AOR=1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.86), women who had poor wealth index (AOR=2.15, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.85) and women from low proportions of community media exposure (AOR=1.39, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.71) were the risk factors for zero-dose children in Ethiopia.ConclusionCompared with previous studies, the prevalence of zero-dose children was low in Ethiopia. Variables like urban residence, no education, home delivery, poor wealth index, no antenatal care(ANC) visit and women from low proportions of community media exposure were the risk factors for zero-dose children in Ethiopia. Therefore, expanding maternal health services and media access for women is highly recommended to reduce zero-dose children mortality.

Background A birth interval of less than 33 months was considered short, and in low- income countries like Ethiopia, a short birth interval is the primary cause of approximately 822 maternal deaths every day. Due to that this study aimed to predict short birth interval and associated factors among women (15–49) in Ethiopia using ensemble learning algorithms. Methods A secondary data analysis of Ethiopian demographic health servey from 2016 to 2019 was performed. a total of weighted sample of 12,573 women in the reproductive age group was included in this study. Data have been extracted and processed with Stata version 17. The dataset was then imported into a Jupyter notebook for further detailed analysis and visualization. An ensemble Machin learning algorithm using different classification models were implemented. All analysis and calculation were performed using Python 3 programming language in Jupyter Notebook using imblearn, sklearn, and xgboost pakages. Results Random forest demonstrated the best performance with an accuracy 97.84%, recall of 99.70%, F1-score of 97.81%, 98.95% precision on test data and AUC (98%). Region, residency, age of women, sex of child, respondent education, distance health facility, husband education and religion were top predicting factors of short birth interval among women in Ethiopia. Conclusion Random forest was best predictive models with improved performance. \"The most significant features that contribute to the accuracy of the top-performing models, notably the Random Forest should be highlighted because they outperformed the other model in the analysis.In general, ensemble learning algorithms can accurately predict short birth interval status, making them potentially useful as decision-support tools for the pertinent stakeholders.

Background One of the reasons for the high rates of maternal and child morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa is the rising proportion of teenage pregnancy. Preventing teenage pregnancy is critical to meeting sustainable development goal number three which aims to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. To support the achievement of this goal, this study aimed to assess the spatial variation and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia using the recent nationally representative data. Methods A secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian mini Demographic and Health Survey was conducted with a total weighted sample of 2211 (unweighted 2100) teenagers. The Bernoulli model was fitted using SaTScan version 9.6 to identify hotspot areas and the geospatial pattern and prediction of teenage pregnancy were mapped using ArcGIS version 10.7. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with teenage pregnancy among teenagers. Adjusted OR with 95% CI was calculated and variables having a p-value less than 0.05 were statistically significant factors of teenage pregnancy. Result The prevalence of teenage pregnancy among adolescents aged 15–19 years in Ethiopia was 12.89% (95% CI: 11.56%, 14.36%). The SaTScan analysis identified a primary cluster in the Gambella region of Ethiopia (log-likelihood ratio = 14.02, p  < 0.001). A high prevalence of teenage pregnancy was observed in Somalia, Afar, Gambella, and the southern part of the Oromia regions of Ethiopia. Age, educational status- primary and secondary, religion- protestant, having television, contraceptive knowledge, household head-female, and region- Small peripheral were significant determinants of teenage pregnancy. Conclusion The spatial distribution of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia was nonrandom. Age, educational status, religion, having television, contraceptive knowledge, sex of household head, and region were significant determinants of teenage pregnancy. Therefore, concerned government bodies and other stakeholders should organize periodic educational campaigns and youth-friendly reproductive health services. Collaboration between healthcare professionals, and religious and community leaders could also form a strategic partnership that makes interventions more comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and effective in reducing teenage pregnancy.

Toxoplasma gondii infection is main cause of abortion, congenital defects and fatality in pregnant women and HIV/AIDS infected individuals respectively. The seroprevalence and risk factor assessment of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and HIV/AIDS infected individuals in Addis Ababa, Jinka, Mojo and Awash towns of Ethiopia was conducted in this study. The study also assessed knowledge and perception of health professionals including physician, nurses and gynecologist, working in antenatal care in selected health institution of different parts of Ethiopia. From 293 pregnant women of study 9.5% were IgG negative and IgM positive and 25.5% were both IgG and IgM positive, which means 28.6% of pregnant women had detectable IgM antibodies during pregnancy. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that study areas, age, residential places, educational status, HIV/AIDS status, ART utilization, pregnancy status, number of pregnancy, stage of pregnancy, history of abortion and number of abortion, cat at home, contact with cat, separate cat house, raw milk and vegetables consumption were significantly associated with seropositivity of T. gondii.