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Description of the subject. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed waste, from the date industry in Mexico, is an attractive source of biomass for bioenergy due to its renewability, availability, and not being otherwise usable. Objectives. In this research project, we calculated and determined the amount of biofuel that could potentially be used from the thermal energy recovery of raw date seed (RDS) and processed date seed (PDS) through oil extraction. Method. The physicochemical composition and thermal behavior of RDS and PDS was determined to evaluate their usefulness for thermal energy production. Proximate and thermogravimetric analyses, Scanning Electron Microscope imaging, and different fuel properties such as Higher Heating Value (HHV), bulk, and energetic density and Fuel Value Index (FVI), were determined. Furthermore, the potential energy production from seed waste of the Mexican date industry was estimated. Results. The RDS presented better HHV 19.33 MJ.kg-1 and energetic density 14.42 MJ.m-3, however, PDS has lower moisture 5.12% and ash content 5.89%. The FVI of PDS is more favorable than RDS, 363.81 and 208.43 respectively. Conclusions. The potential energy production from date seeds produced in Mexico in 2018 was calculated RDS 10.17 TJ, PDS 8.04 TJ and Biodiesel 2.01 TJ and with a tendency to increase every year.

Currently, climate change, high dependence on oil, problems regarding the assurance of energy supply, low air quality and concerns from the point of view of health, have caused a boom in the valorization and use of biomass in the international context. Hence, the present book addresses the uses and applications that have been given to biomass in recent years, and its future uses, divided into two broad categories: energy-related and non-energy-related.

Buildings and construction account for nearly one-third of global energy demand, making the thermal performance of building envelopes an important factor in reducing heating and cooling loads. Conventional steady-state indicators are useful for comparison, but they do not always describe how complete assemblies respond to changing outdoor conditions. This study presents a dynamic experimental method for evaluating construction assemblies using energy compensation under controlled indoor conditions. A highly insulated test module was used to maintain a stable indoor temperature while measuring the electrical heating energy required to compensate for heat losses through interchangeable assemblies exposed to outdoor temperature variations. Three systems were tested: double gypsum board, hollow concrete block, and externally insulated hollow concrete block. To compare the assemblies under different outdoor conditions, corrected heating energy was normalized by test area and heating degree-hours (HDHs), resulting in a Dynamic Thermal Performance Index (DTPI). The DTPI decreased from 52.4 Wh/(m2·°C·h) for the double gypsum board assembly to 21.5 Wh/(m2·°C·h) for the externally insulated hollow concrete block, while the mean corrected heating energy decreased from 2.23 to 0.91 kWh/day. The gypsum board assembly showed the fastest thermal response and the highest energy demand, whereas the externally insulated block provided the most stable indoor-side behavior by reducing the effect of outdoor fluctuations on the concrete mass. The method links transient thermal behavior with measured energy consumption and offers a practical complement to conventional steady-state metrics for comparing building envelope systems.

Description of the subject. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed waste, from the date industry in Mexico, is an attractive source of biomass for bioenergy due to its renewability, availability, and not being otherwise usable. Objectives. In this research project, we calculated and determined the amount of biofuel that could potentially be used from the thermal energy recovery of raw date seed (RDS) and processed date seed (PDS) through oil extraction. Method. The physicochemical composition and thermal behavior of RDS and PDS was determined to evaluate their usefulness for thermal energy production. Proximate and thermogravimetric analyses, Scanning Electron Microscope imaging, and different fuel properties such as Higher Heating Value (HHV), bulk, and energetic density and Fuel Value Index (FVI), were determined. Furthermore, the potential energy production from seed waste of the Mexican date industry was estimated. Results. The RDS presented better HHV 19.33 MJ·kg-1 and energetic density 14.42 MJ·m-3, however, PDS has lower moisture 5.12% and ash content 5.89%. The FVI of PDS is more favorable than RDS, 363.81 and 208.43 respectively. Conclusions. The potential energy production from date seeds produced in Mexico in 2018 was calculated RDS 10.17 TJ, PDS 8.04 TJ and Biodiesel 2.01 TJ and with a tendency to increase every year. Valeur bioénergétique des déchets de grains provenant de l'industrie mexicaine des dattes (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Description du sujet. Les déchets de grains de dattes (Phoenix dactylifera L.), provenant de l'industrie des dattes au Mexique, sont une source de biomasse intéressante étant donné leur contenu énergétique. En plus, ils représentent une ressource renouvelable et disponible qui n’est pas valorisée actuellement. Objectifs. Dans le présent travail, la récupération d'énergie thermique des grains de dattes brutes (GDB) et des grains de dattes transformées (GDT) a été calculée. Et aussi, nous avons estimé la quantité de biocarburant qui pourrait potentiellement être utilisée. Méthode. La composition physico-chimique et le comportement thermique du GDB et du GDT ont été déterminés pour évaluer leur utilité pour la production d'énergie thermique. Des analyses proximales et thermogravimétriques, une imagerie au microscope électronique à balayage et différentes propriétés du carburant telles que pouvoir calorifique supérieur (PCS), densité apparente et énergétique et indice de valeur du carburant (FVI) ont été déterminées. Ensuite, la production potentielle d'énergie à partir des déchets de grains de l'industrie mexicaine des dattes a été estimée. Résultats. Le GDB a présenté un meilleur PCS de 19,33 MJ·kg-1 et une densité énergétique de 14,42 MJ·m-3 ; cependant, le GDT a une humidité plus faible de 5,12 % et une teneur en cendres de 5,89 %. Le FVI du GDT est plus favorable que le GDB, 363,81 et 208,43 respectivement. Conclusions. La production d'énergie potentielle à partir des grains de dattes produites au Mexique en 2018 a été calculée en 10,17 TJ de GDB, 8,04 TJ de GDT et 2,01 TJ de biodiesel et avec une tendance à augmenter chaque année.