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Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, asthma, and oral cancer, and is central to the altered innate immune responsiveness to infection. Many hypotheses have provided evidence that cigarette smoking induces more genetic changes in genes involved in the development of many cigarette-related diseases. This alteration may be from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in innate immunity genes, especially the toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, the genotype frequencies of TLR2 and TLR6 in smoking and nonsmoking population were examined. Saliva samples were collected from 177 smokers and 126 nonsmokers. The SNPs used were rs3804100 (1350 T/C, Ser450Ser) and rs3804099 (597 T/C, Asn199Asn) for TLR2 and rs3796508 (979 G/A, Val327Met) and rs5743810 (745 T/C, Ser249Pro) for TLR6. Results showed that TLR2 rs3804100 has a significant effect in short-term smokers (OR =2.63; =0.04), and this effect is not observed in long-term smokers (>5 years of smoking). Therefore, this early mutation may be repaired by the DNA repair system. For TLR2 rs3804099, the variation in genotype frequencies between the smokers and control patients was due to a late mutation, and its protective role appears only in long-term smokers (OR =0.40, =0.018). In TLR6 rs5743810, the TT genotype is significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (OR =6.90). The effect of this SNP is observed in long-term smokers, regardless of the smoking regime per day. TLR2 (rs3804100 and rs3804099) and TLR6 (rs5743810) can be used as a potential index in the diagnosis and prevention of more diseases caused by smoking.

The experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2024 in the protected agriculture section of the Basra Agriculture Directorate in Khor Al-Zubair, south of the Basra Province. In the current study, the effect of cultivar, apical bud pinching, and foliar spraying with cobalt on the growth and yield of cowpea plants was investigated. It was implemented as a split-split plot factorial experiment with three replicates according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that the local cultivar was significantly superior in plant height, number of leaves, weight of root nodules, and green pod yield per plant, reaching (173.33) cm plant−1, (52.83) leaves plant−1, (87.30) mg plant−1, and (152.86) gm plant−1 respectively. The American cultivar was superior in pod weight, with an average of (6.59) gm. The Dutch cultivar was superior in increasing the number of root nodules, reaching (30.11) nodules plant−1. Apical bud pinching significantly affected the number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, number of root nodules, weight of root nodules, and green pod yield per plant, reaching (5.85) branches plant−1, (52.81) leaves plant−1, (58.58) dcm2 plant−1, (27.89) nodules plant−1, (56.40) mg plant−1, and (146.94) gm plant−1 respectively. Pinching caused a significant decrease in the plant height. As for foliar spraying with cobalt at a concentration of (8) mg L−1, it caused a significant superiority in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, number of root nodules, weight of root nodules, and green pod yield per plant, reaching (171.56) cm, (5.44) branches plant−1, (51.94) leaves plant−1, (62.29) dm2 plant−1, (35.33) nodules plant−1, (65.70) mg plant−1, and (147.15) gm plant−1 respectively. Some two-way and three-way interactions had significant effects on some of the studied traits.

Apnea testing is a standard method when diagnosing brain or more specifically brainstem death; however, it is imperative to acknowledge the potential for lung injury during this procedure and follow clinical practice guideline recommendations that may reduce the risk of complications. Two cases of barotrauma leading to pneumothorax occurred during apnea tests that used higher-than-recommended oxygen flow rates. Additional data are necessary to clarify the mechanism and incidence of this life-threatening complication.

The construction industry has been experiencing a rapid increase in complex projects for the last two decades. Simultaneously, project complexity has received more attention from academics and practitioners worldwide. Many studies suggest that perceiving complexity is critical for successful construction project management. This study investigates the current status and future trends in construction project complexity (CPC) literature from the Scopus database. This review systematically uses bibliometric and scientometric methods through co-occurrence and co-citation analysis. First, 644 academic documents were retrieved from the Scopus database. Then, co-occurrence and co-citation analysis were performed along with network visualization to examine research interconnections’ patterns. As a result, relevant keywords, productive authors, and important journals have been highlighted. The prominent research topics within the literature on construction project complexity focus on the following topics: identifying and measuring project complexity, schedule performance and cost estimation, system integration and dynamic capabilities, and risk assessment and uncertainty. Finally, the potential research directions are developing towards safety performance, organizational resilience, and integrated project delivery (IPD). The study still has a limitation. The review focuses only on the academic documents retrieved from the Scopus database, thus restricting the coverage of the reviewed literature relating to construction project complexity. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first study that provides a systematic review of the literature from the Scopus database on construction project complexity.

The experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture in Basra Governorate during the first spring season 2022-2023, and the study Borin and Rivera, the factor of adding organic compost before planting (plant residue compost and corn acid compost) and the spraying agent (with barley extract 100 g liters and also bay leaf 50 g l 2) and the results showed the superiority of the Burin variety with the addition of leaf residue compost and spraying with barley extract in most of the vegetative qualities of the potato. A splinter worker experiment was carried out twice and according to the design of random sectors. Split-spilt-plot design complete where compost is the main factor and varieties are the secondary factor extracted sub secondary. The study proved the superiority of the Burin variety with leaf residue compost sprinkled with barley extract with the best percentage of dissolved solids of tubers (5.880) Percentage of protein in tubers (13.47) Percentage of starch in tubers (13.35) Percentage of dry matter of tubers (19.53) Specific density of tubers (1.14).

This study aims to design and optimize a backup renewable energy station and possibility of the grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic (PV) power system for firms in 2nd Jeddah industrial city workshops. Wind and solar energy potentials were examined, and data from a variety of sources were obtained as part of the study process. It is important to utilize the application hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER) to evaluate relevant data as well as the suggested hybrid power system’s economic feasibility. The system’s payback is solely based on monthly grid bill savings and increased profits due to the absence of a power shortage. The most cost-effective system design is measured in terms of the original cost, ongoing cost, cost per unit, and total system net present value. As a result, fulfilling the load demand with 220 kW wind turbines and 500 kW solar PV is both cost-effective and efficient. The simulation results for the second scenario with a wind turbine show that a combination of a 500 kW PV, 300 kWh battery capacity, 22 kW wind turbine, and 315 kW converter is the most feasible solution for this case study, with SAR 4,433,658 net present cost (NPC) and SAR 0.1741 LCOE.

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless technology provides an installation alternative that offers a lot of benefit compared to traditional open-cut method. It’s called HDD because its steering ability to avoid existing utilities or other obstacles either horizontally, vertically and even pulled back where she got its name. HDD was developed in California in the 1970s and was introduced in Europe in 1986. Since year 1992 up to 2016 there are about 40 thousand unit HDD machine were sold worldwide. Contractors, consultants, municipalities and decision makers are always in difficulties to determine the installation cost and the duration required when using the HDD method due to the presence of many qualitative factors. Understanding the HDD productivity factors will assist the stakeholders to overcome this matter. The aims of this study are to identify the existing HDD productivity factors, identify the factors that affect HDD productivity, identify the current tools that are used by current researcher, and identify the open problems and areas related to HDD productivity for improvement. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried to previous related papers retrieved by a manual search, critically analysed and discussed. Researches regarding HDD productivity conducted by previous researchers were compared and discussed. The studies involved journal articles, conference papers, books, guidelines and etc. Consequently, these previous experiences and models can assist the contractors, consultants, municipalities and decision makers in preparing their costing and scheduling. The lacking factors on HDD productivity factors were highlighted and suggested for futre studies.

Availability of internet access is one of the needs for tourists when traveling. Unfortunately, the availability of access is quite limited when in a tourist destination, usually Wi-Fi also generally uses a closed system that cannot be accessed by just anyone, except those who get access keys only. This paper provides a solution for the model of internet access for tourists provided by Tourism Service Providers, by utilizing drone technology as an access point. In addition, this model also provides services to track the position of tourists who spread and facilities for communication between tourists, especially for certain conditions, such as the occurrence of saturation for tourists while in one of the tourist destinations.

هدفت الدراسة الوصفية الحالية إلى التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة بين العوامل الخمسة الكبرى للشخصية، وكل من الكفاءة الذاتية، والمرونة النفسية، والفروق بين الجانحين وغير الجانحين في تلك المتغيرات، وكذلك القدرة التنبؤية للعوامل الخمسة الكبرى للشخصية بالكفاءة الذاتية والمرونة النفسية. وعلى عينة من (200) حدث من الجانحين، وغير الجانحين، تراوحت أعمارهم بين (13-18) سنة بمتوسط عمري (16.2) وبانحراف معياري (1.098) طبق عليهم مقياسين الكفاءة الذاتية والمرونة النفسية. أسفرت النتائج الرئيسية أن الجانحين أكثر عصابية من غير الجانحين بفروق جوهرية (0.01). وأن لدى غير الجانحين مستويات عالية من الانبساط، والانفتاح على الخبرة، والمقبولية، ويقظة الضمير، وكذلك الفعالية الذاتية، والمرونة النفسية مقارنة بالجانحين، بفروق ذات دلالة إحصائية (0.01). وأشارت النتائج أيضاً إلى أن الانبساط، والانفتاح على التجربة، ويقظة الضمير بوصفهما منبئين بالفعالية الذاتية، ولكن يمكن أن يكون الانبساط والتوافق منبئين بالمرونة النفسية بين غير الجانحين. وقد أوصت الدراسة بأهمية تعزيز الفعالية الذاتية والمرونة النفسية لدى الأطفال وتوفير جو مناسب في دور الملاحظة، لما له من تأثير إيجابي على خصائص الأحداث الجانحين وتكيفهم النفسي والاجتماعي مع المواقف الضاغطة، وكذلك الحاجة إلى الاهتمام الخاص للبرامج الإرشادية للمراهقين وتعزيز السمات الإيجابية في شخصياتهم.

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless technology provides an installation alternative that offers a lot of benefit compared to traditional open-cut method. It's called HDD because its steering ability to avoid existing utilities or other obstacles either horizontally, vertically and even pulled back where she got its name. HDD was developed in California in the 1970s and was introduced in Europe in 1986. Since year 1992 up to 2016 there are more than 40 thousand-unit HDD machine were sold worldwide. The aims of this study are to determine the present local authorities' technical requirements in HDD works, to determine the factors of HDD good practices and to develop a standard HDD's technical requirement. This research shall use mixed method in achieving the objectives. A descriptive and exploratory research design will be used for the study. The research design for this study contains the following consist of the research problem and research questions, sampling design, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validation/verification of the HDD standard technical requirements and its' frameworks. This study shall able to produce a standard HDD technical requirement and its' framework. With the establishment of a thorough and a standard local authority' technical requirements it's will able to educate the HDD contractors and assist them in carrying out their work properly, successfully and safely. It's will also able to educate the stake holders on how important to follow the stipulated technical requirements that contributed to the project success.