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Research regarding the topic of mosquito population has been on the rise in the last 13 years, and because of that, it is an interesting topic to analyze the trends and growth of. This paper aims to analyze research papers and journals, then visualize research trends on the topic of mosquito population in the last 13 years and identify potential research topics related to mosquito population for future research. The method of this study uses a literature review and bibliometric analysis using Google Scholar, DBLP, and VOSviewer databases, in which 999 documents were collected. The results illustrate that mosquito population research has been on the rise gradually, reaching its peak in 2020 and showing a decline afterwards. The author with the highest contribution is Giovanni Belleni, and the most common type of document is a research paper. More research regarding mosquito populations can be used to analyze the transmission of diseases and the effects of climate change. This study is limited in its scope because most of the data was obtained through Google Scholar and DBLP without thorough filtering. Hence, it is recommended for future research to go through additional steps to filter more of the obtained data.

Renal complications are a major concern in individuals with diabetes, necessitating the search for effective antidiabetic agents with renoprotective properties. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, commonly known as Cermai leaves, have been recognized for their medicinal properties, including potential antidiabetic effects. This in silico study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of Phyllanthus acidus as an antidiabetic agent by targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (PDB code 1GZR) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (PDB code 6M0J) receptors. The prediction of phytochemical properties was made based on the five laws of Lipinski as seen from the values of absorption, distribution, and metabolism with Swiss ADME. The in-silico method was conducted with the assistance of computer devices, databases like Protein Data Bank (PDB) and PubChem, and software like PyRx and Discovery Studio. The results showed the compounds kaempferol and cafestol meet the five laws of Lipinski. The compound kaempferol has the lowest binding affinity, with a value of -5.8 kcal/mol on IGF-1 and -6.1 kcal/mol on ACE2 and cafestol, -5.6 kcal/mol on IGF-1 and -5.8 kcal/mol on ACE2. It’s compared to the native ligand value -3.9 kcal/mol on IGF-1 and -5.2 kcal/mol on ACE2. Based on the results, it is known that this compound has a high potential to be a drug candidate for renoprotective.

Ecoenzyme is a potential sustainable waste management solution that could make waste management more beneficial. This study seeks to analyze the evolution of ecoenzyme-related research publication topic trends over the past decade, then visualize them and identify potential ecoenzyme-related research topics for future study. Using Publish or Perish software with Google Scholar database sources and VOSviewer software, this research method employs a literature review and bibliometric analysis. The investigation and search produced a collection of published document metadata regarding ecoenzymes that included up to 666 documents from 2013 to 2023. During that time, ecoenzyme-related research publications covered a variety of topics, including composition, training, and product development. N. Ginting and T. Wikaningrum are the authors who have contributed the most to the publication of the ecoenzyme topic, with a total of 12 publication documents. Further research can be conducted on the development of ecoenzymes, such as the investigation of the efficacy and effectiveness of using ecoenzymes and the investigation of other ecoenzyme research involving various other scientific disciplines. This study has limitations due to its reliance on data obtained through Google Scholar and its lack of a rigorous screening process. Therefore, it is recommended that future research take additional measures to filter more collected data.

The persistent global health threat from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the cause of tuberculosis, is worsened by the rapid increase in drug-resistant strains, requiring the urgent development of new treatment approaches. This in silico study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A comprehensive computational method was employed, including target protein prediction, identification of common targets, protein-protein interaction analysis, and molecular docking. These tests were performed to accurately evaluate the binding affinity of tea polyphenols to the InhA protein, a key factor in Mtb survival and growth. The findings showed that EGCG has notable potential as an inhibitor of several essential Mtb proteins, such as enoyl-ACP reductase, methylated-DNA-protein-cysteine methyltransferase, daunorubicin-dim ABC transporter permeases DrrB and DrrC, and multidrug resistance ABC transporter permeases. Importantly, a network of interacting proteins was observed among EGCG-targeted proteins, suggesting potential synergistic effects. EGCG displayed strong binding affinity for the InhA protein and the multidrug transport system. Significantly, EGCG exhibited a higher binding affinity to InhA than isoniazid, with binding energies of -7.8 kcal/mol and -5.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular docking of other tea catechins with InhA produced results comparable to those for InhA, further supporting the potential of these polyphenols as anti-tuberculosis agents. However, it is crucial to emphasize that these in silico findings must be validated through rigorous in vitro and in vivo studies to fully evaluate their therapeutic potential and clarify the exact mechanisms of action.

Introduction: Knee injuries, particularly following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, are common among athletes and carry a high risk of recurrence when rehabilitation is incomplete. Many rehabilitation programs prioritize short-term recovery while overlooking long-term functional support. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of effleurage massage combined with self-directed exercise education in improving recovery outcomes and reducing recurrence risk in athletes with post-ACL knee injuries. Methodology: A mixed-methods design was applied using purposive sampling of 30 athletes treated at the MCO Arif Clinic. Knee injuries were confirmed through X-rays, MRI, and medical records. Participants received 30-minute effleurage massage sessions over three weeks, alongside structured self-training education. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, edema, balance, and functional activity. Results: The intervention significantly reduced pain and knee edema while improving flexion-extension ROM and muscle strength. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in edema (mean difference = 3.79 cm; t(29) = 111.96; p < .001). Participants who received exercise education demonstrated additional improvements in balance and functional movement, indicating enhanced rehabilitation outcomes. Discussion: The findings support previous evidence that manual therapy enhances circulation and reduces swelling, and suggest that combining massage with structured exercise produces synergistic benefits for joint stability and function. Conclusions: An integrated rehabilitation approach using effleurage massage and self-directed exercise effectively improves recovery and functional performance in athletes after ACL surgery while potentially reducing recurrence risk. Introducción: Las lesiones de rodilla, particularmente después de una cirugía del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), son comunes entre los atletas y conllevan un alto riesgo de recurrencia cuando la rehabilitación es incompleta. Muchos programas de rehabilitación priorizan la recuperación a corto plazo y pasan por alto el apoyo funcional a largo plazo. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad del masaje con efleurage combinado con educación autodirigida sobre ejercicios para mejorar los resultados de recuperación y reducir el riesgo de recurrencia en atletas con lesiones de rodilla posteriores al LCA. Metodología: Se aplicó un diseño de métodos mixtos mediante muestreo intencional de 30 atletas tratados en la Clínica MCO Arif. Las lesiones de rodilla se confirmaron mediante radiografías, resonancia magnética y registros médicos. Los participantes recibieron sesiones de masaje effleurage de 30 minutos durante tres semanas, junto con educación estructurada de autoaprendizaje. Las evaluaciones previas y posteriores a la intervención midieron el dolor, el rango de movimiento (ROM), la fuerza muscular, el edema, el equilibrio y la actividad funcional. Resultados: La intervención redujo significativamente el dolor y el edema de rodilla al tiempo que mejoró la ROM de flexión-extensión y la fuerza muscular. El análisis estadístico mostró una disminución significativa del edema (diferencia de medias = 3,79 cm; t(29) = 111,96; p < .001). Los participantes que recibieron educación sobre el ejercicio demostraron mejoras adicionales en el equilibrio y el movimiento funcional, lo que indica mejores resultados de rehabilitación. Discusión: Los hallazgos respaldan la evidencia previa de que la terapia manual mejora la circulación y reduce la hinchazón, y sugieren que combinar el masaje con ejercicio estructurado produce beneficios sinérgicos para la estabilidad y la función de las articulaciones. Conclusiones: Un enfoque de rehabilitación integrado que utiliza masaje de efleurage y ejercicio autodirigido mejora efectivamente la recuperación y el rendimiento funcional en atletas después de una cirugía de LCA, al tiempo que reduce potencialmente el riesgo de recurrencia. Introdução: As lesões da rodilla, especialmente após uma cirurgia do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), são comuns entre os atletas e apresentam um elevado risco de recidiva quando a reabilitação é incompleta. Muitos programas de reabilitação priorizam a recuperação num espaço curto e passam por um elevado apoio funcional num espaço largo. Objectivo: Este estudo tem como objectivo avaliar a eficácia da massagem com flor combinada com a educação autodirigida sobre o exercício para melhorar os resultados de recuperação e reduzir o risco de recorrência em atletas com lesões de rodilla superiores ao LCA. Metodologia: Foi aplicado um projeto de métodos mistos através de um levantamento intencional de 30 doentes tratados na Clínica MCO Arif. As lesões de rodilla podem ser confirmadas mediante radiografias, ressonância magnética e registos médicos. Os participantes receberam sessões de massagem effleurage de 30 minutos durante três semanas, juntamente com educação estruturada de autoaprendizagem. As avaliações anteriores e posteriores à intervenção medeiam a dor, o alcance do movimento (ROM), a força muscular, o edema, o equilíbrio e a atividade funcional. Resultados: A intervenção reduziu significativamente a dor e o edema da rodilla ao mesmo tempo que melhorou a ROM de flexão-extensão e a força muscular. A análise estadística mostrou uma diminuição significativa do edema (diferença de médias = 3,79 cm; t(29) = 111,96; p < 0,001). Os participantes que receberam educação sobre o exercício demonstraram melhorias adicionais no equilíbrio e no movimento funcional, o que indica melhores resultados de reabilitação. Discussão: Os hallazgos suportam a evidência prévia de que a terapia manual melhora a circulação e reduz a enxaqueca, e sugere que a combinação da massagem com exercício estruturado produz benefícios sinérgicos para a estabilidade e função das articulações. Conclusões: Uma abordagem de reabilitação integrada que utilize massagem de flores e exercício autodirigido melhora eficazmente a recuperação e o desempenho funcional em atletas após uma cirurgia do LCA, ao mesmo tempo que reduz possivelmente o risco de recorrência.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of effriction and frirage massage therapy methods in reducing pain in knee injuries. A total of 64 participants (Male, BMI = 21.48 kg/m2, Age ± SD = 24,07 ± 2.72), who were classified by 1-month and 2-month injury duration, underwent various therapy regimens with 10-minute and 15-minute treatment durations. The data collection instrument used the NPRS scale. The results of the analysis showed that the effriction intervention significantly reduced knee pain in injuries with a history of 1 month and 2 months, with a consistent reduction in pain at both 10 and 15 minute durations (p-value = 0.000). In contrast, frirage interventions also showed a reduction in pain, but their effectiveness varied; A significant reduction in pain was only observed at a 10-minute duration for a 1-month history injury (p-value = 0.041) and at a 15-minute duration for a 2-month history injury (p-value = 0.028). There was no significant reduction in pain in frirage with a duration of 10 minutes for 2 months of injury and a duration of 15 minutes for 1 month of injury. Overall, the effriction technique is more effective than frirage in reducing knee pain in traumatic injuries. These findings support the recommendation to use effriction as the primary method in knee pain therapy, while frirage may be considered for more specific contexts. Keywords: Effriction; frirage; massage therapy; knee injuries; therapy duration

The current experiment was designed to estimate the comparative efficacy of selected phytobiotics Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) and Piper betle leaf meal (PBLM) with halquinol, and tetracycline in broiler chickens. The 150-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five dietary groups. The dietary supplementation groups were the basal diet (BD), which served as the negative control (NC), and BD + 0.2 g/kg tetracycline, which served as the positive control (PC); BD + 0.03 g/kg halquinol (HAL), BD + 8 g/kg POLM (Po8), and BD + 4 g/kg PBLM (Pb4) were the treatment groups. Growth performance, gut morphology, ileal digestibility, and cecal microbiota composition were measured. On day 21, the body weight gain (BWG) was enhanced (p < 0.05) in the broiler chickens fed on phytobiotics (Po8 and Pb4) relative to the NC group, however, on day 42 and in terms of overall growth performance, BWG was enhanced (p < 0.05 in diets (Po8, Pb4, HAL and PC) in comparison with the NC group. Conversely, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded reduced (p < 0.05) in Pb4, Po8, HAL, and PC group in comparison with the NC group. Supplementation of phytobiotics (Po8 and Pb4), HAL and PC, positively improved the gut morphology compared to the NC group. Furthermore, the maximum (p < 0.05) villus height (VH) in duodenum and jejunum was observed in broilers fed on diet Pb4. Supplementation of phytobiotics, HAL and PC, improved (p < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (DM) (except for HAL), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and ash compared to the NC group. Dietary supplementation of phytobiotics (Po8 and Pb4), HAL and PC, significantly reduced the E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus (except for HAL) counts compared to the NC group. However, supplementation of Pb4 resulted in significantly decreased total anaerobic bacteria and Clostridium spp. counts compared to the NC group. In addition, supplementation of phytobiotics significantly increased the Lactobacillus count compared to HAL, PC, and NC groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of phytobiotics improved the gut morphology, positively modulated and maintained the dynamics of cecal microbiota with enhanced nutrient digestibility, thus, increased the growth performance. Based on current results, phytobiotics could be used as an alternative to AGPs for sustainable broiler chicken production.

Visualization and calculation of the airway dimensions are important because an increase of airway resistance may lead to life-threatening emergencies. The visualization and calculation of the airway are possible using radiography technique with their advance software. The aim of this study was to compare and to test the reliability of the measurement of the upper airway volume and minimum area using airway analysis function in two software. The sample consisted of 11 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans data, evaluated using the Invivo5 (Anatomage) and Romexis (version 3.8.2.R, Planmeca) software which afford image reconstruction, and airway analysis. The measurements were done twice with one week gap between the two measurements. The measurement obtained was analyzed with -tests and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with confidence intervals (CI) was set at 95%. From the analysis, the mean reading of volume and minimum area is not significantly different between Invivo5 and Romexis. Excellent intrarater reliability values were found for the both measurement on both software, with ICC values ranging from 0.940 to 0.998. The results suggested that both software can be used in further studies to investigate upper airway, thereby contributing to the diagnosis of upper airway obstructions.

Plants in coastal ecosystems are primarily known as natural sinks of trace metals and their importance for phytoremediation is well established. Salvadora persica L., a medicinally important woody crop of marginal coasts, was evaluated for the accumulation of metal pollutants (viz. Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr) from three coastal areas of Karachi on a seasonal basis. Korangi creek, being the most polluted site, had higher heavy metals (HM’s) in soil (Fe up to 17,389, Mn: 268, Zn: 105, Cu: 23, Pb: 64.7 and Cr up to 35.9 mg kg−1) and S. persica accumulated most of the metals with >1 TF (translocation factor), yet none of them exceeded standard permissible ranges except for Pb (up to 3.1 in roots and 3.37 mg kg−1 in leaves with TF = 11.7). Seasonal data suggested that higher salinity in Clifton and Korangi creeks during pre- and post-monsoon summers resulted in lower leaf water (ΨWo) and osmotic potential at full turgor (ΨSo) and bulk elasticity (ε), higher leaf Na+ and Pb but lower extractable concentrations of other toxic metals (Cr, Cu, and Zn) in S. persica. Variation in metal accumulation may be linked to metal speciation via specific transporters and leaf water relation dynamics. Our results suggested that S. persica could be grown on Zn, Cr and Cu polluted soils but not on Pb affected soils as its leaves accumulated higher concentrations than the proposed limits.

Wastewater from tanneries may ruin agricultural fields by polluting them with trace metals. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) from algal sources and their application could help in decreasing hazardous materials, for environmental safety. The potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles made from Oedogonium sp. was evaluated for removal of heavy metals from leather industrial wastewater. Synthesized algal nanoparticles (0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg) were applied to treat wastewater by using different concentrations of leather industrial effluents (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 100%) for 15, 30, and 45 d. The wastewater collected was dark brown to black in color with very high pH (8.21), EC (23.08 μs/cm), and TDS, (11.54 mg/L), while the chloride content was 6750 mg/L. The values of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged between 420 mg/L and 1123 mg/L in the current study. Prior to the application of nanoparticles, Cr (310.1), Cd (210.5), and Pb (75.5 mg/L) contents were higher in the leather effluents. The removal efficiency of TDS, chlorides, Cr, Cd, and Pb was improved by 46.5%, 43.5%, 54%, 57.6%, and 59.3%, respectively, following treatment with 1 mg of nanoparticles after 45 d. Our results suggested that the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is a useful and ecofriendly biotechnological tool for treating tannery effluents, before they are discharged into water bodies, thus making the soil environment clean.