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The use of nanotechnology-derived products in the development of sensors and analytical measurement methodologies has increased significantly over the past decade. Nano-based sensing approaches include the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures to enhance sensitivity and selectivity, design new detection schemes, improve sample preparation and increase portability. This review summarizes recent advancements in the design and development of NP-based sensors for assessing food safety. The most common types of NPs used to fabricate sensors for detection of food contaminants are discussed. Selected examples of NP-based detection schemes with colorimetric and electrochemical detection are provided with focus on sensors for the detection of chemical and biological contaminants including pesticides, heavy metals, bacterial pathogens and natural toxins. Current trends in the development of low-cost portable NP-based technology for rapid assessment of food safety as well as challenges for practical implementation and future research directions are discussed.

Functional nanomaterials with fluorescent or quenching abilities are important for the development of molecular probes for detection and studies of nucleic acids. Here, we describe a new class of molecular nanoprobes, the NanoCeracQ that uses nanoceria particles as a nanoquencher of fluorescent oligonucleotides for rapid and sensitive detection of DNA sequences and hybridization events. We show that nanoceria forms stable and reversible bionanoconjugates with oligonucleotides and can specifically recognize and detect DNA sequences in a single step. In absence of the target DNA, the nanoprobe produced minimal background fluorescence due to the high quenching efficiency of nanoceria. Competitive binding of the target induced a concentration dependent increase in the fluorescence signal due to hybridization and release of the fluorescent tag from the nanoparticle surface. The nanoprobe enabled sensitive detection of the complementary strand with a detection limit of 0.12 nM, using a single step procedure. The results show that biofunctionalized nanoceria can be used as a universal nanoquencher and nanosensing platform for fluorescent DNA detection and studies of nucleic acid interactions. This approach can find broad applications in molecular diagnostics, sensor development, gene expression profiling, imaging and forensic analysis.

Recent years have witnessed an overwhelming integration of nanomaterials in the fabrication of biosensors. Nanomaterials have been incorporated with the objective to achieve better analytical figures of merit in terms of limit of detection, linear range, assays stability, low production cost, etc. Nanomaterials can act as immobilization support, signal amplifier, mediator and artificial enzyme label in the construction of aptasensors. We aim in this work to review the recent progress in mycotoxin analysis. This review emphasizes on the function of the different nanomaterials in aptasensors architecture. We subsequently relate their features to the analytical performance of the given aptasensor towards mycotoxins monitoring. In the same context, a critically analysis and level of success for each nano-aptasensing design will be discussed. Finally, current challenges in nano-aptasensing design for mycotoxin analysis will be highlighted.

Examining the behavior of a single cell within its natural environment is valuable for understanding both the biological processes that control the function of cells and how injury or disease lead to pathological change of their function. Single-cell analysis can reveal information regarding the causes of genetic changes, and it can contribute to studies on the molecular basis of cell transformation and proliferation. By contrast, whole tissue biopsies can only yield information on a statistical average of several processes occurring in a population of different cells. Electrowetting within a nanopipette provides a nanobiopsy platform for the extraction of cellular material from single living cells. Additionally, functionalized nanopipette sensing probes can differentiate analytes based on their size, shape or charge density, making the technology uniquely suited to sensing changes in single-cell dynamics. In this review, we highlight the potential of nanopipette technology as a non-destructive analytical tool to monitor single living cells, with particular attention to integration into applications in molecular biology.

The implementation of nanotechnology‐enabled innovations in the development of analytical assays has led to a new generation of sensing systems and portable assays with enhanced detection capabilities. Nanomaterial‐based approaches include the use of nanoparticles (NPs), nanostructures, and nanocomposite materials to increase detection sensitivity and portability, and facilitate field analysis of complex samples. Recent advancements in the design and development of nanotechnology‐based approaches for the detection of antioxidants have been summarized in this contribution. The most common types of NPs and nanostructures used to fabricate analytical assays and portable sensing platforms are discussed, with the focus on colorimetric and electrochemical detection methods. The current state of the art and recent trends in the development of low‐cost portable methods as well as challenges for practical implementation and future research needs are discussed.

Objective: This research was conducted to identify the relationship between the chronotypes of nurses working in shifts and the quality of their lives. Methods: The research sample that was designed as a descriptive study comprised 267 nurses working in shifts. The research data were collected with the descriptive survey form, the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: As per the breakdown of the nurses by chronotype, 68.9% of the nurses were intermediate-type (n=184), 15.7% of the nurses were morning-type (n=42), and 15.4% of the nurses were evening-type (n=41). The evening-type nurses had a higher number of night shifts than the morning-type nurses (p

Objective: There are insufficient data in the literature concerning whether cellular changes in tissue are reflected in blood circulation in granulomatous infections, such as zoonotic brucellosis. In this study, we compared laboratory parameters between patients with brucella (BEO) and non-brucella epididymo-orchitis (NBEO). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 84 patients with BEO and 92 with NBEO who presented to six medical centers between 2017 and 2021. Results: The median age of the patients was 41 (interquartile range: 27-61) years. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of abdominal pain (p=0.003), the percentage of lymphocytes (p=0.012) and the percentage of monocytes (p=0.029) were significantly higher in the BEO group than in the NBEO group. In addition, the percentage of neutrophils (p=0.001) was significantly lower in the BEO group than in the NBEO group. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the percentage of lymphocytes had an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.808 at a cut-off point of >22.1%, the percentage of monocytes had an AUC value of 0.745 at a cut-off point of >7.7%, and the percentage of neutrophils had an AUC value of 0.746 at a cut-off point of <66.8%. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, there is no other study comparing the percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils between patients with BEO and NBEO. The percentages of mononuclear leukocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes) and neutrophils may be useful for the pre-diagnosis of BEO in endemic areas. Keywords: Brucella, orchitis, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils