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Purpose Adolescence is an important developmental period for the first onset of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), a behavior known to be associated with elevated suicide risk. Little is currently known, however, about NSSI among adolescents. The primary objectives of this research were to establish the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a representative sample of Turkish high school students and to identify and describe distinct subgroups of self-injurers. Methods A total of 1656 of 1676 eligible students (98.8 % participation rate) from 18 schools were surveyed during the 2010–2011 academic year. Questionnaires were administered that assessed prior engagement in a variety of self-injurious behaviors, current psychiatric symptoms, suicide-related risk factors, and participation in health-risk behaviors. Latent class analysis (LCA) methods were used to identify distinct groups of self-injurers. Results Almost one-third of the sample ( N  = 519) endorsed some previous engagement in NSSI behaviors. In LCA analyses restricted to youth with prior histories of NSSI, four distinct classes were identified characterized by: (1) low rates of NSSI behaviors (29 %); (2) high rates of self-battery (32 %); (3) high rates of self-cutting (19 %); and (4) high rates of multiple NSSI behaviors (19 %). These classes were further distinguished by current psychiatric symptoms, suicide risk factors, and other health-risk behaviors. Conclusions Findings from the present study indicate that NSSI is a common form of behavior among adolescent youth. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity among those with NSSI histories, with about 40 % at particularly high risk for ongoing distress, future acts of intentional self-harm, and suicidal behavior.

Introduction The recent term phubbing is the amalgamation of the words ph one and sn ubbing , and refers to those phone-related behaviors through which we ignore, dismiss, or otherwise eschew social interactions. Little is known about phubbing among child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs), a group often called upon to provide direction on how to guide children in their rapidly evolving cybernetic contexts. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study of trainees in CAP ( n  = 73; 68% women), recruited in the US (6 training programs; n  = 35) and Türkiye (5 programs; n  = 38). For the quantitative component, we administered two standardized tests: the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) , and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP). For the qualitative component, we conducted site-specific focus groups. After transcription, translation, and anonymization of the digitally recorded sessions, we analyzed the data using thematic analysis informed by interpretative phenomenology. Results Younger participants scored higher on the GSP ( r = -0.43, < 0.001), but ratings did not differ between countries (F = 0.65, df = 1, 70, p  = 0.42). GSBP scores did not differ across age or country ( p  > 0.05). Through thematic analysis we arrived at a four-domain model: (1) Perceptions : regarding the role of smartphone use in modern society and their social implications); (2) Explanations : respondents’ conceptualization of antecedents to phubbing behaviors; (3) Consequences : specific outcomes, such as normalization or split attention; and (4) Recommendations : strategies to address phubbing and problematic phone use. Conclusions Phubbing is a ubiquitous behavior that can have social and emotional consequences. Through a more nuanced understanding of their own phubbing practices, CAPs can modify maladaptive behaviors of their own, have a more empathetic understanding of phubbing by youths under their care, and provide more realistic guidance regarding smartphone use to patients and their families.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as the repetitive deliberate destruction of one's body tissue without suicidal intent and is frequently repetitive. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a measure designed to comprehensively assess non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The ISAS assesses 13 functions of NSSI, as well as the frequency of 12 NSSI behaviors. The ISAS was administered to 529 high school students who had performed at least one NSSI behavior. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the scale were examined; for construct validity, the relationship between the Turkish form of the ISAS and various criteria scales was examined, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Consistent with previous research, factor analysis of the functions scale confirmed the good-fit of the original's 2-dimension model (c²=243; s.d. = 59; NCI (c²/sd) = 4; RMSEA = 0.08 (.07-.09); CFI=0.97; NFI=0.97). In order to test the scale for construct validity, the Brief Symptom Inventory and Suicide Probability Scale were administered to participants, in addition to the ISAS, and the correlations with clinical constructs (e.g., suicidality, depression, anxiety) were in the expected direction. Also the reliability analysis revealed that the ISAS subscales demonstrated high internal consistency. In the light of the findings, it was concluded that the Turkish version of ISAS could be used as a reliable and valid tool in assessing non-suicidal self-injury in research and treatment contexts.

Amaç: Çocuk ve ergenlerdeki ruhsal bozukluk belirtileriyle beden kitle indeksi ve beslenme tutum ve davranışları arasında ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları polikliniklerine başvuran olguların beden kitle indeksi, beslenme tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendirmek ve bu tutum ve davranışlarla duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniklerine başvuran 11-16 yaş arası 169 kişi çalışmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcıların içe yönelim ve dışa yönelim sorunları Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketi (GGA) Ergen Formu ile, beslenme tutum ve davranışları Beslenme Tutum Ölçeği (BTÖ) ve Beslenme Davranış Ölçeği (BDÖ) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan gönüllülerin kilo ve boyları ölçülerek beden kitle indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların %9,5’i obez, %10,1’i aşırı kilolu, %65,5’si normal kilolu olarak saptanmıştır. BTÖ ve BDÖ toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 8,29±2,85 ve -1,69±4,79’dir. BTÖ toplam puanı ile GGA davranış sorunları puanı (r=-,233, p=0,003); hiperaktivite puanı (r=-,344, p<0,001) ve toplam güçlük puanı (r=-,281 p<0,001) arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki mevcuttur. BDÖ toplam puanı ile GGA sosyal davranışlar puanı arasında pozitif yönlü (r=,216, p=0,005) bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatri polikliniklerine başvuran çocuk ve ergenlerde sağlıksız beslenme tutum ve davranışları fazladır. Dışa yönelim sorunları ve toplam duygusal-davranışsal güçlük arttıkça; sosyal davranışlar azaldıkça sağlıksız beslenme artmaktadır. Beslenme tutum ve davranışları ile psikiyatrik faktörlerin ilişkisinin belirlenmesi hem beslenme hem de ruhsal sorunların anlaşılması ve önlenmesi konusunda yol gösterici olabilir.

Objective The present study uses structural equation modeling of latent traits to examine the extent to which family factors, cognitive factors and perceptions of rejection in mother-child relations differentially correlate with aggression at home and at school. Methods Data were collected from 476 school-age (7–15 years old) children with a diagnosis of ADHD who had previously shown different types of aggressive behavior, as well as from their parents and teachers. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the differential relationships between maternal rejection, family, cognitive factors and aggression in home and school settings. Results Family factors influenced aggression reported at home (.68) and at school (.44); maternal rejection seems to be related to aggression at home (.21). Cognitive factors influenced aggression reported at school (.-05) and at home (-.12). Conclusions Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of aggressive behavior in ADHD. Identifying key risk factors will advance the development of appropriate clinical interventions and prevention strategies and will provide information to guide the targeting of resources to those children at highest risk.

Kişilik özellikleri madde kullanmaya başlama, madde kötüye kullanımı, madde bağımlılığı ve madde kullan-mayı sürdürmeyle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğu (AMKB) olan ergenle-rin kişilik özelliklerini incelemektir. Yöntem: AMKB tanısı konulmuş 16-18 yaşları arasında 69 ergen ile benzer sosyodemografik özellikler gösteren AMKB olmayan 69 ergen karşılaştırılmıştır. Kişilik özelliklerini değerlendirmek için Minnesota Çok Yönlü Kişilik Envanteri (MMPI) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: MMPI psikopataloji, hipokondri, histeri, depresyon, psikopatik sapma, paranoya, psikasteni, şizofreni ve hipomani alt ölçeklerinde AMKB olan ergenler kontrol grubuna göre yüksek puan alırken; savunucu tutum (K) alt ölçeğinde kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük puan almıştır. Tartışma: AMKB olan ergenlerin yetersiz savunma düzenekleri ve olumsuz kişilik özellikleri vardır. AMKB olan ergenlerin kişilik özellikleri tedavi ve izlemede dikkate alınmalıdır

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major clinical and public health issue in adolescence. Although psychological factors such as depression, anxiety and emotion dysregulation have been widely examined, less is known about how pain perception and autonomic reactivity interact with these variables in NSSI. This study aimed to compare pressure pain threshold (PPT), autonomic responses and psychological characteristics between adolescents with NSSI and healthy controls, and to explore associations between pain perception, psychopathology, emotion regulation and NSSI functions. Sixty-eight adolescents (34 with NSSI, 34 controls) participated. PPT was assessed using a pressure algometer. Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties were measured, and NSSI functions were evaluated using a standardised tool. Systolic (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and after pain stimulation. Correlational analyses and mixed (repeated measures) analyses of variance were performed. The NSSI group showed a significantly higher PPT than controls (mean difference 1.43 kg/cm ; 95% CI: 0.64-2.00; < 0.001). A significant group × time interaction emerged for SBP ( = 0.09), indicating a blunted post-pain response in the NSSI group. Emotion regulation difficulties were positively associated with PPT ( = 0.28). PPT was also positively correlated with sensation seeking ( = 0.36), autonomy ( = 0.34) and peer bonding ( = 0.36) functions of NSSI. Adolescents with NSSI demonstrate elevated pain thresholds and altered autonomic reactivity. These findings highlight the importance of considering pain processing alongside psychological characteristics and NSSI functions in clinical assessment and intervention planning.

Giriş: Hepatit B virüsü (HBV) bulaşmasında madde kullanımı ve cinselliğin aynı düzeyde etkiye sahip olduğu bildirilmektedir. Ülkemizde ergenlik döneminde madde kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ergenlik döneminde madde kullananlar arasında HBV sıklığını ve risk etkenlerini saptamayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 2004 Ocak ayından 2007 Kasım ayına kadar Ege Üniversitesi Çocuk Ergen Alkol Madde Bağımlılığı Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi'nde (EGEBAM) yatarak tedavi gören hastaların dosya kayıtları tarandı. Bu dönemde 206 olgunun yatarak tedavi gördüğü saptandı. Serolojik sonuçları bulunan 188 olgu, sosyodemografik (s=188), klinik (s=188) ve risk etkenleri (s=41) açısından sorgulandı. İstatistiksel değerlendirme için SPSS 13.0 paket programı kullanıldı. Sınıfsal değişkenlerin karşılaştırılmasında ki-kare testi, risk etkenlerini değerlendirmek için lojistik regresyon analizi yapıldı, istatistiksel anlamlılık p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya katılan 188 olgunun tümü erkek olup yaş ortalaması 16.4±1.4'tür. Olguların %69.1'inin (s=130) esrar, %56.4'ünün (s=106) uçucu, %46.8'inin (s=88) ekstazi, %42.6'sının (s=80) alkol kullandığı saptanmıştır. Olguların %23.9'u (s=45) virüsle karşılaşmıştır. Virüsle bağışıklama yolu ile karşılaşma oranı %14.9'dur (s=28). Hastalık olarak karşılaşma oranı %9 (s=17) olarak bulunmuştur. Anne eğitim düzeyi (p=0.005), baba eğitim düzeyi (p=0.010) ve anne-babaların gelir düzeyi (p<0.001) yüksek olanlarda, bu değerlendirme araçları açısından daha düşük olanlara göre anti-HBc (+) olma oranı daha düşük bulunmuştur. Kardeş sayısı üç ve üçten az olanlarda, dört ve dörtten çok olanlara göre anti-HBc (+) olma sıklığı daha düşük bulunmuştur (p=0.010). Aşılama oranı gelir düzeyi yüksek olanlarda düşük olanlara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.033). Tartışma: Ülkemizde ergenlik döneminde madde kullanımı olanlarda HBV ile karşılaşma sıklığı yurtdışındaki olgulara göre daha düşüktür. Ancak bu sonuçlar değerlendirirken HBV görülme sıklığının yaşla beraber arttığı ve yurtdışında benzer yaş dönemindeki olgularda damar içi madde kullanımının daha sık olduğu bilgileri değerlendirilmelidir. Objective: Drug abuse and sexual intercourse have been reported to have equal level of effects on hepatitis B virus (HBV) contamination. Drug abuse prevalence increases in adolescence period in Turkey. The aim of presentstudy was to determine the prevalence of HBV infection and risk factors among adolescent drug users, an important health problem in our country. Methods: In the study, the medical records of the patients who were hospitalized between October 2004 and November 2007 at the inpatient service of Ege University Child and Adolescent Addiction Investigation and Practice Center (EGEBAM) were evaluated. From a total of 206 patients hospitalized within this period, 188 patients whose serological results were available, were reviewed in terms of socio-demographic features (n=188), clinical properties (n=188) and risk factors (n=41). For the comparison of categorical variables chi-square test and for the risk assessment logistic regression analysis was used. Results: All of the 188 subjects recruited in the study were male and the mean age of the sample was 16.4±1.4 years. 69.1% (n=130) of the subjects were using cannabis, 56.4% (n=106) were using inhalants, 46.8% (n=88) were using ecstasy, and 42.6% (n=80) were using alcohol. Forty-five patients (23.9%) had been exposed with the virus. Among these subjects, 14.9% (n=28) of them have been exposed to the virus via immunization while 9% of the cases have been exposed to the virus via viral infection. Anti-HBc positivity was negatively correlated with education status of the mother (p=0.005) and the father (p=0.010) and economic levels of parents (p<0.001). The number of cases with Anti-HBc positivity was found to be smaller among the patients with three or less siblings compared to the ones with 4 or more siblings. Immunization via vaccination was higher among patients with higher income (p=0.033). Discussion: The prevalence of HBV infection among adolescents with substance use disorders in our country is quite lower than other countries which might be a result of lower intravenous drug users in this age group in this country. As the prevalence of HBV infection increases with age, utmost care should be provided to avoid the spread of infection in this age group.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by impairment in social interactions, in verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and behavior within the first 3 years of life. Pharmacologic interventions may be needed for the treatment of temper tantrums, aggression, hyperactivity, and stereotypes in children with ASD. The approval of aripiprazole by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for the treatment of temper tantrums in children and adolescents with ASD has gained increased interest for the use in these patients. Aripiprazole is a partial agonist for the dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and an antagonist for 5HT2A receptors. Because aripiprazole is a partial agonist, it has been is speculated that aripiprazole has a protective effect for extrapyramidal side effects, movement disorders, and metabolic problems. But the increased use in children and adolescents is associated with an increase in the number of case reports related with such problems. Nevertheless, our review of the literature uncovered limited data regarding the association between acute dystonia and aripiprazole use in ASD children under five years of age is. In this paper, we present two cases of autistic spectrum disorder children with ages under 5 years that developed acute dystonia taking aripiprazole.