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"Babcock, Robert"
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Gompers in Canada
Samuel Gompers, the charismatic chief of the American Federation of Labor at the turn of the century, claimed to represent the interests of all workers in North America, but it was not until American corporations began to export jobs to Canada via branch plants that he became concerned with representing Canadian workers. Within a very short time the Canadian labour movement was rationalized into a segment of the American craft-union empire. In order to secure the loyalty of these new recruits, the AFI reduced the national trade-union centre of Canada, the Trades and Labor Congress, to the level of an American state federation of labour.
But Gombers failed to perceive the different political, historical, and cultural climates north of the forty-ninth parallel, and his policies inevitably generated friction. Although some Canadian workers felt sympathy for labour politicians inspired by left-wing doctrines and the social gospel movement, Gompers strove to keep Canadian socialists at bay. And although Canadian workers expressed considerable interest in governmental investigation of industrial disputes, Gompers remained inimical to such moves. Canadian labour groups desired a seat on international labour bodies, but Gompers would not allow them to speak through their own delegate. Canadian unions deemed rivals to AFL affiliates were banished. Dues were siphoned off into union treasuries in the US, and American labour leaders kept firm control over organizing efforts in Canada. Perhaps most importance, the AFL’s actions at the TLC convention of 1902—its opposition to dual unionism—helped spawn a separate labour movement in Quebec.
Yet by 1914, following nearly two decades of effort by Gompers, many Canadian workers had become his willing subjects. Though others struggled to loosen Gompers’ grip on the Canadian labour movement, Canadian trade unions appeared firmly wedded to the AFL’s continentalism.
The story of Gompers in Canada has never been properly treated: this book is a significant addition to Canadian and American labour history and to the study of American expansion. Based upon exhaustive research in the Gompers papers, the AFL-CIO archives, and in various Canadian manuscript and newspaper sources, it clearly reveals one importance aspect of the growth of American’s ‘informal’ empire at the turn of the century.
eBook
Reminiscences of Conrad S. Babcock : the old U.S. Army and the new, 1898-1918
\"Babcock's original manuscript has been shortened by Robert H. Ferrell into eight chapters which illustrate the tremendous shfit in warfare in the years surrounding the turn of the century\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Water System Security: Here Today … Gone Tomorrow?
This article discusses the Vulnerability Assessment Capital Improvement Plan (VA CIP), funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to improve water system security by implementing changes identified in the public water system VA, assess utility accomplishments, and identify remaining needs for security capital improvements projects. The VA CIP follow‐ up contract was established to assist Michigan water systems in implementing their VA CIP and to demonstrate improved water system security in the state; it was not a compliance assessment. All Michigan communities that were required to complete a VA were in compliance with the BTA. These systems were asked to participate in this project in order to determine the status of the public water system security program and allow the state to better direct future efforts and grant‐funding opportunities. Study results are discussed.
Journal Article
How College and University Women Navigate Fear of Sexual Assault on Campus: A Phenomenological Study
Institutions of higher education are not safe for women-identified students regarding gender-based violence, specifically sexual assault. The existence of a rape culture, with societal norms that ignore, allow, or implicitly encourage sexual violence to be perpetrated by men against women, is alive and well on today’s college campuses. Exact numbers are difficult to discern in such an underreported crime, but most researchers agree that 20–25% if all traditional-aged women are raped during their college and university experience, with the numbers being even higher for bisexual and trans-women. Further, the rates of sexual assault of women college students aged 18–25 are triple the national average. This rape culture, along with the statistics and realities in the specific context of higher education, paint a bleak picture and create a climate of anxiety, fear, and trepidation for women. The realities of this narrative have become so fixed in campus life they have become almost invisible; the burden of women taking responsibility to not get raped is a significant one that is often overlooked. This phenomenological study, using a critical theory framework, examined how six women manage their college experiences about fear of sexual assault. Students’ feelings of terror, the normalization and burden of risk-reduction, along with powerlessness, combined with misinformation about rape and an unfair bargain of making sacrifices to feel secure, all lead to a sense of being controlled. Suggestions for how post-secondary institutions can improve this climate and reality are discussed.
Dissertation
Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: HARTMUT HOFFMANN
Donoghue provides an obituary for former university professor Hartmut Hoffman, who died in Gottingen on Apr 16, 2016. Among Hoffman's earliest fields was study of the Normans in southern Italy, and much of his career was focused upon medieval government, the papacy, and historiography. Hoffmann's first great editorial work was his edition of the Chronicle of Monte Cassino with its complicated multiple text stages.
Journal Article
AFL-CIO
The American Federation of Labor (established 1886) consisted of skilled craft unions that disagreed with the reform policies and organization of the Knights of Labor.
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