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In this research, the extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and the subsequent impregnation of the extracted bioactive compounds from Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) into polylactic acid (PLA) films was investigated. The effects of temperature (318 and 338 K), pressure (15 and 25 MPa) and cosolvent presence (0 and 3 mol%) on the extraction yield were studied. The SC-CO2 assisted impregnation runs were carried out in a discontinuous mode at different pressure (15 and 25 MPa), temperature (318 and 328 K), and time (2 and 8 h) values, using 0.5 MPa min−1 as a constant value of depressurization rate. ANOVA results confirmed that pressure, temperature, and time influenced the extraction yield. Moreover, antioxidant activities of extracts of Z. multiflora were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the extracts were screened against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of this investigation indicated that extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Z. multiflora possessed antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The impregnated samples presented strong antibacterial activity against the selected microorganisms.

The supercritical fluid extraction of essential oil from rosemary leaves and its subsequent impregnation in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films were studied. The effects of temperature (318 and 338 K), pressure (15 and 25 MPa) and rosemary particle size (0.9 and 0.15 mm) on the extraction yield were investigated. Impregnation assays were developed at two different values of pressure (12 and 20 MPa), temperature (308 and 328 K), and impregnation time (1 and 5 h). The extraction yield of rosemary essential oil was increased by increasing pressure and decreasing particle size and temperature. ANOVA results showed that temperature, pressure, and time significantly impacted the essential oil impregnation yield in LLDPE films. The maximum impregnation yield (1.87 wt. %) was obtained at 12 MPa, 328 K, and 5 h. The antioxidant activity and the physical-mechanical properties of impregnated films were analyzed. The IC50 values for all the impregnated LLDPE samples were close to the IC50 value of the extract showing that the impregnated films have a significant antioxidant activity.

The chemical composition of the Z. multiflora EO extract obtained by supercritical extraction was identified by GC-MS. DPPH assays demonstrated the antioxidant activity of Z. multiflora EO extract. Z. multiflora EO extract was impregnated in PLA films by supercritical impregnation. The operational parameters of the supercritical impregnation process were optimized using FFD. The impregnated samples were characterized by SEM, FTIR, DSC and XRD. Impregnated PLA films showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. In this research, the extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO[sub.2]) and the subsequent impregnation of the extracted bioactive compounds from Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) into polylactic acid (PLA) films was investigated. The effects of temperature (318 and 338 K), pressure (15 and 25 MPa) and cosolvent presence (0 and 3 mol%) on the extraction yield were studied. The SC-CO[sub.2] assisted impregnation runs were carried out in a discontinuous mode at different pressure (15 and 25 MPa), temperature (318 and 328 K), and time (2 and 8 h) values, using 0.5 MPa min[sup.−1] as a constant value of depressurization rate. ANOVA results confirmed that pressure, temperature, and time influenced the extraction yield. Moreover, antioxidant activities of extracts of Z. multiflora were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the extracts were screened against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of this investigation indicated that extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Z. multiflora possessed antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The impregnated samples presented strong antibacterial activity against the selected microorganisms.