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Military psychologists and psychiatrists frequently face ethical quandaries involving boundary crossings, or extratherapy contact, and multiple relationships. A multiple relationship is defined as necessarily engaging psychotherapy patients in nonclinical roles, such as coworker, superior officer, neighbor, or friend. In contrast to their civilian counterparts, military mental health professionals must often engage patients in many different contexts and roles. In this article, we consider the distinctive features of mental health practice in the military and offer military providers several practice guidelines for avoiding harm to patients in military settings. This article is also designed to enhance sensitivity to multiple-role risks among nonpsychiatric providers.

Investigates Erikson's theory that adolescent identity exploration is associated with a variety of symptoms. Results support Erikson's theory, indicating that adolescents who were actively engaged in identity exploration were more likely to produce a personality pattern characterized by self-doubt, confusion, disturbed thinking, impulsivity, conflicts with authority figures, reduced ego strength, and increased physical symptoms. (JPS)

The empirical question of whether acculturation, ethnic identity, and family coping relates to attitudes toward seeking mental health services and to the severity of psychological symptoms of emotional stress for Filipino American family matrons was addressed by this study. The Research design consisted of four independent variables: (1) level of acculturation, (2) level of ethnic identity, (3) acquiring family support, and (4) seeking spiritual support. The dependent variables were (1) psychological distress, and (2) attitude towards seeking mental health services. Participants were given a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview in order to further understand factors that might contribute to psychiatric symptom presentation and their attitude towards seeking mental health services. It was hypothesized that the independent variables would meaningfully be associated with the two dependent variables. Using hierarchical regression analyses the data was found to support the hypotheses. Implications for research and practice were discussed.

Examines gender differences in domain-specific areas of identity development among college youth (N=210). Also explores gender comparisons of relationships among domains. Results indicate that males were more likely to explore and commit in politics, whereas females were more likely to explore in sex roles and to commit in religion and dating. (RJM)

Correlation of 82 academically gifted adolescents' personality scores with scores for identity exploration revealed that youth who were actively exploring (according to Erik Erikson's ego identity theory) exhibited the following psychological portrait: inner confusion, agitation, dissatisfaction, unhappiness, periodic spells of depression, vacillation between poor self-concept and grandiosity, and disturbed thinking. (JDD)