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The present study investigates discrimination against a woman in the light of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in selected Iraqi proverbs, specifically those used in Baghdad and Basra. It aims to find out the ideological themes implied in the said proverbs about a woman. The significance of this study is to show the different forms of discrimination against a woman in the these proverbs. The proverbs indicating forms of discrimination against a woman are collected from three important reference books, namely, Aldileeshy(1968), Al-Hanafi (1962), Al-Hanafi (1964) in addition to some proverbs taken from Al-Zubaidi (2019). The proverbs selected for this study are analyzed according to their interpretation in the reference books in which they occur. Moreover, these proverbs are selected on the basis that they seem to have not been tackled from the perspective of CDA. Furthermore, to detect the ideological themes implied in the aforementioned proverbs, a qualitative approach is used. In addition, thirty four proverbs are selected and only nine examples are analyzed to reveal the sexist ideologies whether in the structure or the structure and the function of the previously mentioned proverbs. The findings reached at in the present study include the following forms of discrimination against a woman: hating the birth of a girl child, vilifying a woman, violating her, discriminating against her in terms of gender affinity, marital status and beauty, woman inferiority to a man and undervaluing a woman's work. Additionally, most of the proverbs selected convey discriminatory concepts against a woman through the structure and the function whereas a few of them convey such concepts through the structure only. Further, only one proverb referring to discrimination against a woman through the function occurs

This study delves into critical discourse analysis (CDA) of some selected Iraqi folk proverbs(henceforth IFPs). It aims at detecting the ideological themes embedded in IFPs referring to certain proverbial groups of people. The significance of the present study is to find out the different forms of prejudice against these groups of people in the Iraqi Arab culture. The proverbs referring to the proverbial groups of people have been collected from some important compilations and they have been analyzed depending on their interpretation in the compilations in which they occur. Moreover, for the sake of analysis, these proverbs have been selected on the basis that they have not been handled from CDA perspective. In addition, to discover the underlying ideologies in the selected proverbs, a qualitative approach has been used. Furthermore, twenty seven proverbs have been selected and only nine samples have been analyzed to uncover the forms of prejudice against the proverbial groups of people whether in the structure or the structure and the function of IFPs. The findings arrived at in this study involve the following forms of prejudice: discrimination against people with special needs, racism against the blacks, sexism, discrimination against certain households members of the same degree of kinship and tribal intolerance against M'dān tribe.

The present study tackles persuasive strategies in two of Al-Sistani's Standard Arabic written Friday sermons that mainly tackle the 2019 Iraqi protests. This study aims to find out the persuasive strategies employed in these sermons, involving illocutionary speech acts and pragmatic functions occurred within them in addition to persuasive appeals and their strategies. The significance of the present study is that it reveals how the persuasive strategies mentioned above have been utilized in the said sermons to persuade the audience. Data for the present study have been selected for the following reasons:(1) they include different persuasive illocutionary speech acts with different pragmatic functions and different persuasive appeals with their strategies, and (2) they seem to have not been handled before by any researcher from the perspective of persuasion. Moreover, the approach followed in analyzing the data in the present study is mainly qualitative, and fifteen examples have been investigated. The findings of the present study are that three types of illocutionary speech acts have been used: representatives, directives and expressives. The advising pragmatic function occurring within directives is the prevalent type among other pragmatic functions. Furthermore, rational appeals, credibility appeals and affective appeals have been employed in the selected sermons and different strategies have been utilized within these three types. The rational appeals are the type which is dominant among others and the strategy of cause and effect- consequences occurred within this type is prevalent. The prevalence of the directives with the advising pragmatic function in addition to the rational appeals with the strategy of cause and effect-consequences might be due to the fact that the nature of the issue of the 2019 protests requires advising the protesters to properly manage them in addition to addressing the rational aspect of the minds of people to convince them so that the peaceful protests aims can be achieved. Moreover, most of the aforementioned types of speech acts with their pragmatic functions in the two sermons selected have been explicitly employed to clearly send the messages to the audience.