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Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reports are essential resources for identifying the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) of hackers and cyber threat actors. However, these reports are often lengthy and unstructured, which limits their suitability for automatic mapping to the MITRE ATT&CK framework. This study designs and compares five hybrid classification models that combine statistical features (TF-IDF), transformer-based contextual embeddings (BERT and ModernBERT), and topic-level representations (BERTopic) to automatically classify CTI reports into 12 ATT&CK tactic categories. Experiments using the rcATT dataset, consisting of 1490 public threat reports, show that the model integrating TF-IDF and ModernBERT achieved a micro-precision of 72.25%, reflecting a 10.07-percentage-point improvement in detection precision compared with the baseline. The model combining TF-IDF and BERTopic achieved a micro F0.5 of 67.14% and a macro F0.5 of 63.20%, demonstrating balanced performance across both frequent and rare tactic classes. These findings indicate that integrating statistical, contextual, and semantic representations can improve the balance between precision and recall while enabling clearer interpretation of model outputs in multi-label CTI classification. Furthermore, the proposed model shows potential applicability for improving detection efficiency and reducing analyst workload in Security Operations Center (SOC) environments.

Terminalia bellirica extract (TBE) has long been utilized in Ayurvedic medicine across Indian and surrounding regions for diverse therapeutic applications. Despite its traditional prominence, systematic investigations addressing the anti-obesity efficacy and underlying mechanisms remain limited. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity potential of TBE using both 3T3-L1 adipocyte and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice model. In vitro studies using 3T3-L1 adipocytes demonstrated that TBE significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and downregulated key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, while upregulating genes promoted lipolysis and energy metabolism. To validate these cellular effects in a physiological context, mice were randomly assigned to six groups: normal control (NC), HFD-induced obese (C), HFD with metformin (100 mg/kg b.w., PC), and HFD with TBE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. Consistent with the in vitro findings, TBE supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size in HFD-induced obese mice. Taken together, these results indicate that TBE exerts anti-obesity effects through modulation of adipose tissue metabolic pathways, highlighting its therapeutic potential for obesity management.

Objectives: To investigate antibody production in asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients. Methods: Sera from asymptomatic to severe COVID-19 patients were collected. Microneutralization (MN), fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. Results: A total of 70 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were evaluated, including 15 asymptomatic/anosmia, 49 mild symptomatic, and 6 pneumonia patients. The production of the neutralizing antibody was observed in 100% of pneumonia, 93.9% of mild symptomatic, and 80.0% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups. All the patients in the pneumonia group showed high MN titer (≥1:80), while 36.7% of mild symptomatic and 20.0% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups showed high titer (p < 0.001). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be more sensitively detected by FIA IgG (98.8%) and ELISA (97.6%) in overall. For the FIA IgG test, all patients in the pneumonia group exhibited a high COI value (≥15.0), while 89.8% of mild symptomatic and 73.3% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups showed a high value (p = 0.049). For the ELISA test, all patients in the pneumonia group showed a high optical density (OD) ratio (≥3.0), while 65.3% of mild symptomatic and 53.3% of asymptomatic/anosmia groups showed a high ratio (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Most asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients produced the neutralizing antibody, although the titers were lower than pneumonia patients. ELISA and FIA sensitively detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

This paper reviews recent advancement of microwave (MW) assisted manufacturing technologies. Because MW energy interacts with materials in unique ways, MW assisted manufacturing technologies have the potential to develop entirely new or enhanced manufactured products and materials as well as new approaches for producing such materials. There have been various fields MW technologies have been applied: material processing of ceramics, polymers, metals, carbon nanotubes and composites; machining; synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds; waste remediation and environmental applications; solvent extraction from foods and bioproducts. This review introduces some fundamental knowledge of MW and current status of MW applications focusing on manufacturing technologies. Also, some suggestions for future research are addressed.

Laboratory tests, including blood tests and urine analysis, are frequently performed in the dermatology outpatient clinic, but doctors often do not consider the cognitive or psychological effect of the examinations. Based on terror management theory, we hypothesized that performing laboratory tests increases the patient's fear of mortality, and therefore has a positive effect on the patient's attitude toward the doctor's recommendations and willingness to accept them. The study employed a single factor between-subjects design, using a questionnaire completed by the patients. One group consisted of patients who had undergone laboratory tests 1 week before the survey, and the other group consisted of patients who had not undergone a laboratory test. Although the differences between two groups were not statistically significant, the patients who had laboratory tests had tendency to show even lower positive attitude toward the doctor's recommendations and less intention to follow the recommendations. In contrast to our hypothesis, performing laboratory tests does not subliminally increase patients' fears or anxieties about their disease or their compliance with doctors' recommendations.