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Appearance anxiety for social media users (AASMU) is emotional distress linked to social media use (SMU), negatively affecting mental and physical health. However, little is known about the dynamic relationship between AASMU and SMU, and effective interventions. Study 1 used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) with 206 participants completing daily surveys for 20 days. Dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) revealed that AASMU tended to persist from 1 day to the next (  = 1.45) and that higher levels of AASMU and SMU often occurred together on the same day (  = 2.57). A higher level of self-compassion (SC) or a healthier lifestyle moderated this relationship, providing resilience against SMU's negative effects (  = -0.40 or -0.41). Study 2 utilized an ecological momentary intervention (EMI) with 200 participants, where the intervention group read SC statements daily. Results showed a significant reduction in both the mean level (  = -0.05) and intra-individual variability of AASMU in the intervention group (  = -0.11), suggesting SC-based EMI is an effective approach to reducing AASMU.

A novel kind of ligand free aurum nanoparticles (Au NPs)/poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) (PPV) composites was prepared via a simple approach. Although there were no ligands coating on the surface of the Au NPs, the Au NPs/PPV precursor composite exhibited excellent stability that no obvious variance was found as long as 6 months at ∼4 °C in aqueous and alcohol mixed solutions. This was attributed to the strong interaction between Au NPs and PPV precursor, which was further strengthened after heat transformation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra showed the interaction between benzene ring in PPV and Au NPs led to the part transformation of the sp2 hybrid orbital into the sp3 one during the composite formation. As a result, the photoluminescence (PL) life time of PPV in the composite was longer than that of pure PPV. The Au NPs/PPV composite exhibited good photo-electric response, indicating their potential application in the area of the photoelectric conversion devices.

We demonstrate that charge carrier diffusion lengths of two classes of perovskites, CH3NH3PbI3-xClx and CH3NH3PbI3, are both highly sensitive to film processing conditions and optimal processing procedures are critical to preserving the long carrier diffusion lengths of the perovskite films. This understanding, together with the improved cathode interface using bilayer-structured electron transporting interlayers of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PCBM）/ZnO, leads to the successful fabrication of highly efficient, stable and reproducible planar heterojunction CH3NH3PbI3-xCl2 solar cells with impressive power-conversion efficiencies （PCEs） up to 15.9%. A 1-square-centimeter device yielding a PCE of 12.3% has been realized, demonstrating that this simple planar structure is promising for large-area devices.

Novel neoadjuvant therapy regimens are warranted for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this phase I trial (NCT04393506), 20 patients with locally advanced resectable OSCC receive three cycles of camrelizumab (200 mg, q2w) and apatinib (250 mg, once daily) before surgery. The primary endpoints are safety and major pathological response (MPR, defined as ≤10% residual viable tumour cells). Secondary endpoints include 2-year survival rate and local recurrence rate (not reported due to inadequate follow-up). Exploratory endpoints are the relationships between PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS, defined as the number of PD-L1-stained cells divided by the total number of viable tumour cells, multiplied by 100) and other immunological and genomic biomarkers and response. Neoadjuvant treatment is well-tolerated, and the MPR rate is 40% (8/20), meeting the primary endpoint. All five patients with CPS ˃10 achieve MPR. Post-hoc analysis show 18-month locoregional recurrence and survival rates of 10.5% (95% CI: 0%–24.3%) and 95% (95% CI: 85.4%–100.0%), respectively. Patients achieving MPR show more CD4+ T-cell infiltration than those without MPR (P = 0.02), and decreased CD31 and ɑ-SMA expression levels are observed after neoadjuvant therapy. In conclusion, neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib is safe and yields a promising MPR rate for OSCC. In patients with locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the risk of recurrence and metastasis following treatment is high. Here, a phase I clinical trial reports safety and pathological response of neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with locally advanced resectable OSCC.

Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) serve as important intersexual signaling chemicals and generally show variation between the sexes, but little is known about the generation of sexually dimorphic hydrocarbons (SDHCs) in insects. In this study, we report the molecular mechanism and biological significance that underlie the generation of SDHC in the German cockroach Blattella germanica . Sexually mature females possess more C29 CHCs, especially the contact sex pheromone precursor 3,11-DimeC29. RNA interference (RNAi) screen against the fatty acid elongase family members combined with heterologous expression of the genes in yeast revealed that both BgElo12 and BgElo24 were involved in hydrocarbon (HC) production, but BgElo24 is of wide catalytic activities and is able to provide substrates for BgElo12 , and only the female-enriched BgElo12 is responsible for sustaining female-specific HC profile. Repressing BgElo12 masculinized the female CHC profile, decreased contact sex pheromone level, and consequently reduced the sexual attractiveness of female cockroaches. Moreover, the asymmetric expression of BgElo12 between the sexes is modulated by sex differentiation cascade. Specifically, male-specific BgDsx represses the transcription of BgElo12 in males, while BgTra is able to remove this effect in females. Our study reveals a novel molecular mechanism responsible for the formation of SDHCs and also provide evidences on shaping of the SDHCs by sexual selection, as females use them to generate high levels of contact sex pheromone.

Nonbiaryl N-C atropisomer is an important structural scaffold, which is present in natural products, medicines and chiral ligands. However the direct enantioselective C-H amination to access optically pure N-C atropisomer is still difficult and rare. Here we report a π-π interaction and dual H-bond concerted control strategy to develop the chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) catalyzed direct intermolecular enantioselective C-H amination of N-aryl-2-naphthylamines with azodicarboxylates as amino sources for the construction of atroposelective naphthalene-1,2-diamines. This type of N-C atropisomers is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bond and the method features a broad range of substrates, high yields and ee values, providing a strategy to chirality transfer via the modification of N-C atropisomers. Atropisomers with a chiral C-N axis are useful for natural products synthesis and as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Here, the authors reportt a π-π interaction and dual H-bond concerted control strategy in enantioselective C-H amination affording configurationally stable N-C atropisomers.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.

Heterogeneous Fenton-like systems activated by peroxymonosulfate represent promising platforms for organic wastewater treatment but are significantly hampered by competing adsorption and catalytic oxidation processes at identical active sites. To resolve this critical bottleneck, we develop a diverting dual-site catalyst comprising nitrogen-vacancy (Nv) sites precisely integrated adjacent to iron (Fe) single-atom sites within a carbon nitride framework. This spatially optimized configuration markedly enhances electron mobility and accelerates electron-hole separation under visible-light irradiation, thus enabling the concurrent generation of radical and non-radical oxidizing species. Consequently, the catalytic activity is substantially elevated. Mechanistic insights reveal that Nv sites preferentially anchor pollutants through selective adsorption, while the neighboring Fe sites actively facilitate oxidant activation, establishing a synergistic electron-transfer cascade that significantly boosts pollutant degradation kinetics and catalyst durability across various operational scenarios. Comprehensive experimental analyses coupled with theoretical simulations rigorously validate this dual-site catalytic mechanism. Additionally, life-cycle assessment (LCA) and electrical energy per order (EE/O) evaluations demonstrate the economic viability and reduced environmental impacts of the developed catalyst system. Furthermore, the integration of machine learning methodologies optimizes catalytic performance and elucidates the discrete functional contributions of the dual-site arrangement. Collectively, this work establishes an advanced framework for single-atom catalyst design, paving the way toward sustainable, efficient, and eco-friendly wastewater remediation technologies. This work effectively addresses the long-standing challenge of competitive kinetics in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems through the synergistic interaction between nitrogen vacancies (Nv) and Fe sites on carbon nitride.

We demonstrate that charge carrier diffusion lengths of two classes of perovskites, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x Cl x and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , are both highly sensitive to film processing conditions and optimal processing procedures are critical to preserving the long carrier diffusion lengths of the perovskite films. This understanding, together with the improved cathode interface using bilayer-structured electron transporting interlayers of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/ZnO, leads to the successful fabrication of highly efficient, stable and reproducible planar heterojunction CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x Cl x solar cells with impressive power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 15.9%. A 1-square-centimeter device yielding a PCE of 12.3% has been realized, demonstrating that this simple planar structure is promising for large-area devices.

Horizontal arrays of metallic or semiconducting carbon nanotubes with controlled chirality are grown from specially designed solid carbide catalysts. Controlling the chirality of carbon nanotubes The era of Moore's law, which predicts a doubling in the number of transistors per microprocessor chip every two years, seems to be coming to an end. Researchers are therefore developing alternative materials to use in nanoelectronic devices. Arrays of horizontal nanotubes are particularly appealing because this architecture optimizes current output. Now Jin Zhang and colleagues report the synthesis of two different horizontal carbon nanotube arrays with controlled chirality, one metallic and one semiconducting. The authors achieve this by using catalyst arrays that are designed to select for nanotubes with a specific diameter and crystal symmetry. The authors target nanotubes with the chiral structure (2 m , m ), which is fast growing and can be further enriched by optimizing the growth conditions. These findings are a further step towards a new generation of high-performance electronic devices and integrated circuits based on carbon nanotechnology. The semiconductor industry is increasingly of the view that Moore’s law—which predicts the biennial doubling of the number of transistors per microprocessor chip—is nearing its end 1 . Consequently, the pursuit of alternative semiconducting materials for nanoelectronic devices, including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), continues 2 , 3 , 4 . Arrays of horizontal nanotubes are particularly appealing for technological applications because they optimize current output. However, the direct growth of horizontal SWNT arrays with controlled chirality, that would enable the arrays to be adapted for a wider range of applications and ensure the uniformity of the fabricated devices, has not yet been achieved. Here we show that horizontal SWNT arrays with predicted chirality can be grown from the surfaces of solid carbide catalysts by controlling the symmetries of the active catalyst surface. We obtained horizontally aligned metallic SWNT arrays with an average density of more than 20 tubes per micrometre in which 90 per cent of the tubes had chiral indices of (12, 6), and semiconducting SWNT arrays with an average density of more than 10 tubes per micrometre in which 80 per cent of the nanotubes had chiral indices of (8, 4). The nanotubes were grown using uniform size Mo 2 C and WC solid catalysts. Thermodynamically, the SWNT was selectively nucleated by matching its structural symmetry and diameter with those of the catalyst. We grew nanotubes with chiral indices of (2 m , m ) (where m is a positive integer), the yield of which could be increased by raising the concentration of carbon to maximize the kinetic growth rate in the chemical vapour deposition process. Compared to previously reported methods, such as cloning 5 , 6 , seeding 7 , 8 and specific-structure-matching growth 9 , 10 , 11 , our strategy of controlling the thermodynamics and kinetics offers more degrees of freedom, enabling the chirality of as-grown SWNTs in an array to be tuned, and can also be used to predict the growth conditions required to achieve the desired chiralities.