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HighlightsSynthesis strategies of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were summarized with classifications of traditional coprecipitation, homogeneous precipitation, and newly developed topochemical oxidation.Diverse approaches of structural modulation and hybridization to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of LDHs were systematically reviewed.Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted tremendous research interest in widely spreading applications. Most notably, transition-metal-bearing LDHs are expected to serve as highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their layered structure combined with versatile compositions. Furthermore, reducing the thickness of platelet LDH crystals to nanometer or even molecular scale via cleavage or delamination provides an important clue to enhance the activity. In this review, recent progresses on rational design of LDH nanosheets are reviewed, including direct synthesis via traditional coprecipitation, homogeneous precipitation, and newly developed topochemical oxidation as well as chemical exfoliation of parent LDH crystals. In addition, diverse strategies are introduced to modulate their electrochemical activity by tuning the composition of host metal cations and intercalated counter-anions, and incorporating dopants, cavities, and single atoms. In particular, hybridizing LDHs with conductive components or in situ growing them on conductive substrates to produce freestanding electrodes can further enhance their intrinsic catalytic activity. A brief discussion on future research directions and prospects is also summarized.

Abstract In recent years, deep matrix factorization (DMF) has garnered significant attention for its effectiveness in various artificial intelligence applications. However, conventional DMF frameworks face two key limitations: (1) an inability to effectively uncover complex latent patterns in high-dimensional data spaces, and (2) insufficient preservation of data geometric structures. These limitations lead to suboptimal solution smoothness and algorithmic instability. To address these challenges, we propose a novel variant of deep nonnegative matrix factorization called deep hypergraph regularized $$L_{p}$$ L p smooth semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (DHGLpSNMF). This method incorporates hypergraph-based geometric regularization to enhance solution stability and structural coherence. We introduce an efficient optimization framework using forward-backward splitting operators to handle the multivariate objective function. Theoretical analysis rigorously proves the convergence of our method to critical points under specified conditions. Extensive experiments on four real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our approach. Our method achieves statistically significant improvements over six established baselines across ACC, NMI and ARI benchmarks. These results demonstrate the method’s efficacy in enhancing solution stability and structural coherence, thus providing valuable insights for ongoing research.

In recent years, deep matrix factorization (DMF) has garnered significant attention for its effectiveness in various artificial intelligence applications. However, conventional DMF frameworks face two key limitations: (1) an inability to effectively uncover complex latent patterns in high-dimensional data spaces, and (2) insufficient preservation of data geometric structures. These limitations lead to suboptimal solution smoothness and algorithmic instability. To address these challenges, we propose a novel variant of deep nonnegative matrix factorization called deep hypergraph regularized L p smooth semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (DHGLpSNMF). This method incorporates hypergraph-based geometric regularization to enhance solution stability and structural coherence. We introduce an efficient optimization framework using forward-backward splitting operators to handle the multivariate objective function. Theoretical analysis rigorously proves the convergence of our method to critical points under specified conditions. Extensive experiments on four real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our approach. Our method achieves statistically significant improvements over six established baselines across ACC, NMI and ARI benchmarks. These results demonstrate the method’s efficacy in enhancing solution stability and structural coherence, thus providing valuable insights for ongoing research.

Using thermal storage materials with excellent thermal properties in the energy utilization system enables efficient use of renewable energy sources. Organic phase change materials (PCMs) have the advantages of high heat storage density, no corrosion, and low cost, but low thermal conductivity and insufficient heat transfer capacity have always been the bottlenecks in their application. In this paper, melamine foam@ reduction graphene oxide (MF@rGO) and carbon foam@ reduction graphene oxide (CF@rGO) composite foams with double carbon networks were prepared by self-assembly method and further employed in 1-octadecinal (OD) PCMs. The microstructure, chemical composition, phase change behavior, thermal conductivity, and photothermal conversion performance of MF@rGO/OD and CF@rGO/OD were studied in detail using SEM, FTIR, Raman DSC, and LFA. The melting and solidification enthalpies of CF@rGO/OD composite PCMs were 208.3 J/g and 191.4 J/g, respectively, its thermal conductivity increased to 1.54 W/m·K, which is 6.42 times that of pure OD. The porous structure and high thermal conductivity of the double carbon network substantially enhance the efficiency of energy storage and release in composite PCMs. CF@rGO/OD composite PCMs have excellent heat storage performance and heat transfer capacity, and a wide range of application prospects in the fields of low-temperature solar heat storage, precision instrument temperature control, and intelligent buildings.

Currently, it is not entirely clear whether hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is involved in the regulation of COX-2 expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and whether these events affect the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). In this report the relationship between HIF-1α and COX-2 protein expression, EMT in tumor specimens from HCC patients after TACE surgery and the clinical significance of HIF-1α and COX-2 expression were analyzed using statistical approaches. HepG2 cells treated with CoCl2 was employed as a hypoxia cell model in vitro to study hypoxia-induced HIF-1α, COX-2 expression, and EMT alteration. The results showed that HIF-1α and COX-2 protein expression increased in HCC tissues after TACE surgery. Moreover, there was positive correlation between upregulation of HIF-1α and COX-2. Elevated expression of HIF-1α increased both Snail and Vimentin protein expression, while it reduced E-cadherin protein expression. It was further verified that hypoxia enhanced protein expression of HIF-1α and COX-2 in HepG2 cells treated with CoCl2. Upregulation of HIF-1α and COX-2, together with EMT alteration resulted in increased migration and invasion of HepG2 cells under hypoxia. In conclusion, TACE surgery results in aggravated hypoxia status, leading to increased HIF-1α protein expression in HCC tissue. To adapt to hypoxic environment, HIF-1α stimulates COX-2 protein expression and promotes EMT process in hepatocellular cancer cells, which enhances HCC invasion and metastasis, and might contribute to poor prognosis in HCC patients post TACE treatment.

Objectives To investigate the survival benefit of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus Iodine125 seed implantation (TACE-Iodine125) in hepatitis B-related HCC patients with portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) and the underlying prognostic factors. Methods A retrospective matched cohort study was performed on consecutive HCC patients with PVTT from January 2011 to June 2014. Seventy patients (TACE-Iodine125 group) who underwent TACE-Iodine125 were compared with a historical case-matched control group of 140 patients (TACE group) who received TACE alone. The survival of patients and the underlying prognostic factors were analysed. Results The median survival times of the TACE-Iodine125 and TACE groups were 11.0 and 7.5 months, respectively ( p  < 0.001). The survival probability at 12, 24, and 36 months was 50 %, 14.5 %, and 14.5 % vs. 25 %, 9 %, and 5 % in the TACE-Iodine125 and TACE groups, respectively ( p  < 0.001). The PVTT responders had better survival than the PVTT non-responders ( p  < 0.001). For the PVTT non-responders, there were no differences in the survival curves between the groups ( p  = 0.353). Multivariate analysis showed that type III PVTT ( p  < 0.001) and APS ( p  < 0.001) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. In contrast, the treatment modality of TACE-Iodine125 ( p  < 0.001) and PVTT response ( p  = 0.001) were favourable prognostic features. Conclusions TACE combined with Iodine125 seed implantation may be a good choice for selected HB-HCC patients with PVTT. Key Points • TACE-Iodine125 was more effective than TACE for patients with HCC-PVTT. • The TACE-Iodine125 procedure was safe. • TACE-Iodine125 was conditional for patients with HCC-PVTT. • TACE-Iodine125 resulted in a better PVTT response compared to TACE alone. • A good PVTT response is a favourable prognostic factor.

Aberrant long noncoding RNA expression has been frequently reported in cancer research, including in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of LINC00511 in the progression and prognosis of TNBC. The expression level of LINC00511 was examined by RT-PCR in TNBC tissues and in cell lines. MTT and colony formation assays were used to examine the cell growth ability. A Boyden assay was used to examine the cell invasion ability. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to examine the proteins that interacted with LINC00511. We demonstrated that the LINC00511 expression level was elevated in TNBC tissues when compared with that in normal breast tissues. The downregulation of LINC00511 decreased TNBC cell growth and invasion compared to those of the controls. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological activity of LINC00511, we identified proteins that bound to LINC00511 with RNA pull-down experiments. We showed that LINC00511 binds to the β-transducin repeat containing (BTRC) E3 ubiquitin protein. Mechanistically, LINC00511 maintained the stability of Snail by impeding its ubiquitination and degradation by the BTRC E3 ubiquitin protein.  Our data suggested that LINC00511 might serve as a novel molecular target for the treatment of TNBC.

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of 125I brachytherapy to treat bilateral lung recurrences from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection or ablation.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively recruited 95 patients with bilateral lung recurrences from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection or ablation who had received 3–6-month sorafenib with or without stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), from October 2011 to January 2015; patients were then randomly divided into two groups, 44 patients received computed tomography (CT)-guided 125I brachytherapy (group A), and 51 patients were treated with supportive and symptomatic treatments (group B).ResultsThe median survival time was 19 months (range of 3–36 months). The local response rate (LRR) at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months in group A was 81.8%, 65.9%, 59.1%, 45.0%, 38.6%, 22.7%, 11.4%, respectively, and 64.7%, 47.1%, 33.3%, 25.4%, 15.7%, 11.7%, 7.8%, respectively, in group B (P < 0.05). The mean progression-free survival time (PFST) and overall survival (OS) of group A were significantly longer than those of group B. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and tumor size were independent factors that affected the PFST and OS, normal AFP levels and less than 1-cm tumor diameter had better PFST and OS (P < 0.05). No massive bleeding or serious complications occurred.ConclusionCT-guided 125I brachytherapy is safe and effective for the treatment of bilateral lung recurrences from HCC after resection or ablation.