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Rural left-behind women, as important potential participants in Digital Village Development, face multiple challenges including limited educational resources, weak digital skills, constrained economic conditions, and traditional socio-cultural barriers. These factors severely restrict the improvement of their digital literacy and their effective participation in digital village initiatives. Drawing upon the Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory to understand the interplay between technology and social systems, and based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory to explore individual psychological processes, this study focuses on two key psychological variables—political trust and self-efficacy—to systematically explore how digital literacy influences the digital village participation of rural left-behind women through these intrinsic psychological mechanisms. The study aims to address the theoretical gaps in digital empowerment for marginalized groups and to provide solid theoretical and empirical support for promoting digital inclusion and targeted digital empowerment policies. This study utilizes field survey data from a major project funded by the National Social Science Fund of China. The sample was selected using a stratified random sampling method from several townships and villages in Shaanxi Province, yielding 1,083 valid questionnaires with an effective response rate of 91.3%. A Tobit regression model was applied to analyze the impact of digital literacy on participation in digital village initiatives. A panel conditional quantile regression was used to test the heterogeneity of this effect across different participation levels. Furthermore, a chained mediation model was employed to examine the mediating pathways of political trust and self-efficacy through which digital literacy affects digital village participation. The methodological framework is grounded in the SOR theory, providing an in-depth analysis of how digital technology stimuli influence participatory behavior through psychological states. The Tobit regression results show that digital literacy significantly enhances participation in Digital Village Development, the digital economy, and digital governance, but its effect on participation in digital benefit services is not significant. Conditional quantile regression reveals significant heterogeneity in the influence of digital literacy across different levels of participation. The chained mediation analysis indicates a significant direct effect of digital literacy (coefficient = 0.191, accounting for 60.72% of the total effect), alongside three indirect paths through political trust (17.17%), self-efficacy (16.53%), and the combined effect of political trust and self-efficacy (5.58%).These results reveal a complex multiple mediation mechanism through which digital literacy influences digital village participation among rural left-behind women. This study fills a research gap concerning the relationship between digital literacy and digital village participation among rural left-behind women and expands the application of the SOR theory in the context of Digital Village Development. The theoretical model proposed is not only suitable for the rural Chinese context but also holds universal significance for understanding digital empowerment mechanisms in marginalized populations. The findings emphasize that, beyond improving digital skills, enhancing political trust and self-efficacy is equally crucial. Accordingly, policymakers should design differentiated training and support strategies to comprehensively improve the digital literacy and participation capabilities of left-behind women, thereby facilitating the digital transformation of rural economies and societies. The sample of this study is limited to specific regions, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. The analytical models do not encompass all potential influencing factors, and the complex role of socio-cultural contexts requires further exploration. Future research should expand the sample scope, incorporate multidimensional factors, and deepen the understanding and verification of digital empowerment mechanisms.

Objective: This study investigates the longitudinal reciprocal relationships among physical exercise (PE), executive function (EF), and subjective well-being (SWB) in ethnic minority college students in China, with the aim of providing theoretical and practical guidance for their psychological and cognitive development. Method: A three-wave longitudinal design was employed over a nine-month period to collect data on PE, EF, and SWB from 482 ethnic minority college students in Shaanxi Province, China (M age = 20.3 years, 63% female). Data were analyzed using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), and multigroup analysis (MGA) was used to examine the moderating effects of gender, family ethnic composition, and residential area. Results: The study revealed significant positive correlations among PE, EF, and SWB at the between-person level. At the within-person level, the variables exhibited temporal stability, with earlier levels significantly predicting later levels, indicating cumulative effects. Key cross-lagged analyses unveiled significant dynamic reciprocal relationships among the three variables: earlier PE positively predicted subsequent EF and SWB, earlier EF positively predicted subsequent PE and SWB, and earlier SWB positively predicted subsequent EF. Importantly, these dynamic pathways and overall relationships were consistent across gender, family structure, and residential area, indicating robustness within the studied population. Conclusion: This study highlights the dynamic, reciprocal relationships among PE, EF, and SWB. Consequently, promoting physical activity and culturally sensitive interventions for ethnic minority college students is crucial for enhancing their psychological resilience and well-being. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and educators.

Wind power DC collection system, as a crucial component of wind farms, plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of the entire wind farm. This paper proposes a reliability assessment method for wind power DC collection systems based on MLFTA-SMC. Firstly, it analyzes the topology and key equipment of wind power DC collection systems. Secondly, based on the topology of different wind power DC collection systems, it constructs multi-level fault tree models to calculate the comprehensive importance of different events, thus providing data support for subsequent reliability assessment. Then, it utilizes the MLFTA-SMC method to assess and analyze the reliability of different wind power DC collection system topologies. Finally, taking a 100 MW wind farm in Northwest China as an example, the proposed reliability assessment method is verified through simulation. The results indicate that this method exhibits good effectiveness and superiority.

Background The mechanisms of age-dependent reproductive decline in men are largely overlooked. An age-dependent reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels has been reported in multiple somatic and female reproductive tissues, including oocytes and ovarian tissue. However, the relationship between NAD + levels and male reproduction has not yet been studied. In the current study, the association between sperm NAD + level and paternal age was investigated. In addition, we also investigated whether sperm NAD + levels were related to semen quality. Methods In this pilot observational cohort study, semen samples from 51 male subjects who visited a university-affiliated reproductive medical center for preconception consultation (< 30 years: n = 13, 30–40 years: n = 19, > 40 years: n = 19) were recruited. Their anthropometric characteristics were recorded, and semen analysis was performed. Their sperm NAD + levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Results There were significant differences among the three age groups in the major parameters of semen quality. The sperm NAD + level was, however, similar among the three groups (< 30 years: 91.61 ± 15.59 nmol/10 6 sperm, 30–40 years: 125.60 ± 16.28 nmol/10 6 sperm, > 40 years: 115.59 ± 16.55 nmol/10 6 sperm). Additionally, linear regression also revealed no correlation between sperm NAD + concentration and the age of the participants (r 2  = 0.018, p = 0.35). Noticeably, a negative correlation was found between the sperm NAD + concentrations and the sperm quality parameters, including sperm concentration (r 2  = 0.78, p < 0.0001), sperm count (r 2  = 0.47, p < 0.0001), mobile sperm number (r 2  = 33, p < 0.0001), and DFI (r 2  = 0.35, p < 0.0001). The semen volume and mobility rate were not related to the sperm NAD + concentration. Conclusion Unlike the age-related decrease of NAD + levels in oocytes and ovarian tissue, the sperm NAD + concentration is not age dependent. Sperm NAD + levels are negatively correlated with sperm quality, suggesting a unique role of NAD + in spermatogenesis, which warrants further study and opens opportunities for pharmaceutical interventions for oligozoospermia.

The DC collection system for wind farms serves as a critical component for power transmission, making its reliable operation paramount. Currently, research on the operational reliability of DC collection systems in wind farms remains largely confined to evaluation, with limited studies focused on enhancing reliability. This article introduces a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) into the DC collection system from the perspective of improving reliability through the BESS. However, the introduction of a BESS significantly increases economic costs, with storage lifespan being a key factor affecting economic viability. To balance system reliability and BESS economics, this paper proposes a multi-objective configuration optimization method that accounts for the BESS lifespan, and employs the CRITIC-MARCOS integrated decision-making method to determine the optimal BESS configuration. Finally, the proposed method was validated in a 100 MW DC collection system for wind farms, offering valuable insights for BESS configuration schemes in such systems.

Risk-taking is a key factor in corporate competitive advantage, and economic development. The type of strategic configuration that can drive high-level risk-taking is a problem worthy of attention. This study takes 2,219 listed firms in China as samples and performs a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the linkage effect and path choice of strategic change, corporate social responsibility, innovation, diversification, and financialization with corporate risk-taking (CRT). It finds that: (a) a single strategy does not constitute a necessary condition for high-level CRT; (b) three types of adaptive schemes exist for high-level CRT, among which the risk-taking level is the highest under the path of “Innovation, diversification, and financialization”; and (c) the driving paths of CRT in different regions, industries, and ownership show obvious differences.

With the continuous increase in the proportion of renewable energy access, reliability confidence capacity, as an important decision-making reference for measuring the contribution of power sources to the power system, has received widespread attention in power system planning and operation. It is of great significance to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the reliability confidence capacity of renewable energy. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for renewable energy reliability confidence capacity based on improved Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-Analytic Hierarchy Process-Entropy Weight Method. Firstly, construct a reliability confidence capacity assessment model for renewable energy. Secondly, based on the comprehensive influence weight calculated by improving the DEMATEL method, the AHP-EWM subjective and objective weighting method based on game theory is used to establish the renewable energy confidence capacity index system and calculate the weight. Finally, simulation verification is conducted using an actual power grid in the northwest region of China as an example. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has good feasibility and accuracy, and can provide decision-making support for the planning and operation of the new power system.

Background Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a specific subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is highly invasive and confined to the central nervous system (CNS). The vast majority of PCNSLs are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). PCNSL is a highly heterogeneous disease, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Further studies are needed to guide individualized therapy and improve the prognosis. Methods In this study, we detected 1) the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting, 2) the mRNA expression by real-time qPCR and 3) the deletion of PTEN gene by immunofluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in order to investigate the activation status of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in PCNSL. Samples of reactive hyperplasia lymphnods were used as the control group. The correlations between the clinical characteristics and prognosis of PCNSL patients and the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 and the deletion of PTEN were assessed. Results The IHC results showed that the positive expression rates of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 in PCNSL were significantly higher in the PCNSL group than in the control group ( P  < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression level of MTOR in PCNSL samples was significantly increased ( P  = 0.013). Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of p-mTOR was correlated with that of p-AKT, p-S6, p-4E-BP1. PTEN deletion was found in 18.9% of PCNSL samples and was correlated with the expression of p-AKT ( P  = 0.031). Correlation analysis revealed that the PCNSL relapse rate in the p-mTOR-positive group was 64.5%, significantly higher than that in the negative group ( P  = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed inferior progression-free survival (PFS) in the p-mTOR- and p-S6-positive groups ( P  = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively), and PTEN deletion tended to be related to shorter overall survival (OS) ( P  = 0.072). Cox regression analysis revealed p-mTOR expression as an independent prognostic factor for a shorter PFS (hazard ratio (HR) =7.849, P  = 0.046). Conclusions Our results suggest that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in PCNSL and associated with a poor prognosis, which might indicate new therapeutic targets and prognostic factors.

Research questionUsing RNA-sequencing analysis, we investigated the relationship between ovarian stimulation and endometrial transcriptome profiles during the window of implantation (WOI) to identify candidate predictive factors for the WOI and to optimize timing for embryo transfer.MethodsTwelve women with normal basal hormone levels and regular ovulation were randomly assigned into three groups based on sampling time: late-proliferate phase (P group), and receptive phase in natural cycles (LH+7, N group) and stimulated cycles (hCG+7, S group). Transcriptome profiles of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were then compared among the three groups. Validation was performed using real-time qPCR.ResultsComparison of transcriptome profiles between the natural and stimulated endometrium revealed 173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with a > 2-fold change (FC) and p < 0.05, under the influence of supraphysiological estradiol (E2) induced by ovarian stimulation. By clustering and KEGG pathway analysis, molecules and pathways associated with endometrial receptivity were identified. Of the 39 DEGs common to the three groups, eight genes were validated using real-time PCR. ESR1, MMP10, and HPSE were previously reported to be associated with endometrial receptivity. In addition, three novel genes (IL13RA2, ZCCHC12, SRARP) and two lncRNAs (LINC01060, LINC01104) were new potential endometrial receptivity-related markers.ConclusionUsing mRNA and lncRNA sequencing, we found that supraphysiological E2 levels from ovarian stimulation had a marked impact upon endometrial transcriptome profiles and may result in a shift of the WOI. The precise mechanisms underlying the supraphysiological hormone-induced shift of the WOI require further research.Registration numberChiCTR180001453

Aims About 20–40% patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy (DN). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) were recommended for treatment of T2DM, while the impact of DPP-4i on renal function remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of DPP-4i on renal parameter of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in T2DM. Methods A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. A fixed or random-effects model was used for quantitative synthesis according to the heterogeneity, which was assessed with I 2 index. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were performed with standard methods, respectively. Results A total of 17 randomized controlled trials were identified. Administration of DPP-4i produced no significant effect on eGFR (WMD, -0.92 mL/min/1.73m 2 , 95% CI, -2.04 to 0.19) in diabetic condition. DPP-4i produced a favorable effect on attenuating ACR (WMD, -2.76 mg/g, 95% CI, -5.23 to -0.29) in patients with T2DM. The pooled estimate was stable based on the sensitivity test. No publication bias was observed according to Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Conclusions Treatment with DPP-4i preserved the renal parameter of eGFR in diabetic condition. Available evidences suggested that administration of DPP-4i produced a favorable effect on attenuating ACR in patients with T2DM. International Prospective Register for Systematic Review (PROSPERO) number CRD.42020144642.