Explore the vast range of titles available.

Thermal error caused by thermal deformation is one of the most significant factors influencing the accuracy of the machine tool. Compensation is a practical and efficient method to reduce the thermal error. Among all the thermal error compensation processes, thermal error modeling is the premise and basis because the effectiveness of the compensation is directly determined by the accuracy and robustness of modeling. In this paper, an overview of the thermal error modeling methods that have been researched and applied in the past ten years is presented. First, the modeling principle and compensation methods of machine tools are introduced. Then, the methods are classified and summarized in detail. Finally, the future research trend of thermal error modeling is forecasted.

High-speed spindle systems could generate sufficient heat when they are operating and would cause thermal deformation that influences spindle accuracy. Heat dissipation is a common and effective way to remove the generated heat. In this paper, heat conductive paths were created on the bearing seat and the spindle housing along the radial direction. Along these paths, the heat was transferred directly from heat sources inside the spindle system to outside and the heat dissipation was enhanced. To limit the heat transferred along the axial direction, the inner wall of the path was coated with a thermal insulation material. Based on an annular plate model, the influences of the affecting parameters of paths on the heat transfer performance were studied. The temperature distributions of the models with and without heat conductive paths were numerically and experimentally investigated. It was found that after using heat conductive paths, the heat dissipation enhanced significantly. Moreover, it is found that as the number and diameter of paths increases, the temperature of internal parts decreases and the gap between the highest and the lowest temperature is narrowed.

High-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions are commonly used for bowel preparation but are often poorly tolerated, reducing patient compliance. Shouhui Tongbian Capsules (SHTBC), a traditional Chinese medicine known to promote gastrointestinal motility, may offer an alternative approach. However, its role in bowel preparation remains unclear. To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel bowel preparation regimen combining SHTBC with low-volume PEG (2L) compared to conventional high-volume PEG (3L). Multicenter, randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial. A total of 404 participants scheduled for colonoscopy across 34 medical centers in China were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (SHTBC + 2L PEG,  = 202) and the control group (3L PEG,  = 202). Bowel preparation quality was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), with successful cleansing defined as a total BBPS score ⩾6. The secondary outcomes included time to adequate bowel movement, number of bowel movements, patient tolerance, acceptance, and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The success rate of bowel preparation was comparable between groups (  = 0.7454). The experimental group had a slightly longer time to first adequate bowel movement on the day of colonoscopy (  = 0.0013) but experienced fewer bowel movements the day before (  < 0.0001). The experimental group reported significantly fewer ADRs (  = 0.0311) and better tolerance, including reduced bloating, nausea, and sleep disturbance (  < 0.01 for all). Patient acceptance was higher in the experimental group (92.89% vs 88.32%), although the difference was not statistically significant (  = 0.4170). SHTBC combined with 2L PEG is a safe, effective, and better-tolerated alternative to 3L PEG for bowel preparation before colonoscopy, offering a promising strategy to improve patient compliance. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300069962.

In view of the serious hysteresis and nonlinear relationship between the thermal error of CNC machine tool spindle and the temperature rise of spindle measuring points, a spindle thermal error prediction model combining sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and gate recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed. Taking the spindle of a precision machine tool as the research object, the thermal error and the temperature field of the spindle in idling state are measured. Select the temperature of the measuring point of the spindle as the input and the thermal error in Z-direction as the output, the thermal error prediction model is established by using GRU network. SSA is used to optimize the training parameters of GRU network, and finally a prediction model of SSA-GRU spindle Z-direction thermal error considering the influence of natural environment is established. The performance of the established model is verified by taking the test data of variable speed working condition as the robustness test set. The results show that SSA-GRU can be used for thermal error modeling and compensation, and the Z-direction thermal error of the machine tool spindle can be controlled within 8 μm, which has better prediction accuracy than the traditional network model.

Background: Fluorine-18 (F-18) nuclear medicine procedures often cause cancer patients undergoing the treatment to experience severe psychological distress, while also exposing healthcare workers to occupational radiation exposure. The study aimed to evaluate the integration of psychological health management with the Radiation-Sensitive Nursing Care Model (R-SNCM) to improve patient treatment outcomes, compliance, and healthcare worker safety. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer center from January 2022 to December 2023. The study involved 236 participants, including 200 cancer patients and 36 healthcare professionals. The R-SNCM framework included patient education, emotion monitoring using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and advanced radiation safety protocols. Outcomes were assessed through psychological scores, radiation exposure indicators, patient satisfaction, and surgical compliance. Statistical analyses were performed through paired t-tests, repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression. Results: After the intervention, the psychological distress of patients significantly decreased, with anxiety scores reducing from 10.6 ± 3.1 to 7.3 ± 2.6 and depression scores decreasing from 9.4 ± 3.5 to 6.5 ± 2.8 (p < 0.001). The monthly radiation exposure of healthcare workers was observably reduced, from 2.6 ± 0.5 mSv to 1.8 ± 0.4 mSv (p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction scores increased from 3.8 ± 0.7 to 4.6 ± 0.4 (p < 0.001), and surgical compliance improved to 95% in the intervention group compared to 81% in the control group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that attendance at training sessions (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.85, p < 0.001) and baseline anxiety scores (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) were significant predictive factors of compliance and psychological improvement, respectively. Conclusion: The integration of psychological health management with the R-SNCM significantly improved psychological outcomes, patient compliance, and satisfaction, while reducing radiation exposure for healthcare workers. These findings support the adoption of this model as a holistic approach to cancer care.

Modern green revolution varieties of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) confer semi-dwarf and lodging-resistant plant architecture owing to the Reduced height-B1b ( Rht-B1b ) and Rht-D1b alleles 1 . However, both Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are gain-of-function mutant alleles encoding gibberellin signalling repressors that stably repress plant growth and negatively affect nitrogen-use efficiency and grain filling 2 – 5 . Therefore, the green revolution varieties of wheat harbouring Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b usually produce smaller grain and require higher nitrogen fertilizer inputs to maintain their grain yields. Here we describe a strategy to design semi-dwarf wheat varieties without the need for Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b alleles. We discovered that absence of Rht-B1 and ZnF-B (encoding a RING-type E3 ligase) through a natural deletion of a haploblock of about 500 kilobases shaped semi-dwarf plants with more compact plant architecture and substantially improved grain yield (up to 15.2%) in field trials. Further genetic analysis confirmed that the deletion of ZnF-B induced the semi-dwarf trait in the absence of the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b alleles through attenuating brassinosteroid (BR) perception. ZnF acts as a BR signalling activator to facilitate proteasomal destruction of the BR signalling repressor BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (TaBKI1), and loss of ZnF stabilizes TaBKI1 to block BR signalling transduction. Our findings not only identified a pivotal BR signalling modulator but also provided a creative strategy to design high-yield semi-dwarf wheat varieties by manipulating the BR signal pathway to sustain wheat production. A strategy that depends on attenuated brassinosteroid signalling is described for the design of semi-dwarf wheat varieties with improved grain yield compared with that of green revolution varieties.

The human complex diseases such as hypertension, precocious puberty, and diabetes have their own diagnostic thresholds, which are usually estimated from the epidemiological data of nature populations. In the mouse models, numerous phenotypic data of complex traits have been accumulated; however, knowledge of the phenotypic distribution of the natural mouse populations remains quite limited. In order to investigate the distribution of quantitative traits of wild mice, 170 F1 progeny aged 8–10 weeks and derived from wild mice collected from eight spots in the suburbs of Shanghai were tested for their values of anatomic, blood chemical, and blood hematological parameters. All the wild mice breeders were of Mus. m. musculus and Mus. m. castaneus maternal origin according to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of the mitochondrial DNA. The results showed that phenotypes in wild mice had a normal distribution with four to six times the standard deviation. For the majority of the traits, the wild outbred mice and laboratory inbred mice have significantly different ranges and mean values, whereas the wild mice did not necessarily show more phenotypic diversity than the inbred ones. Our data also showed that natural populations may have some unique phenotypes related to sugar and protein metabolism, as the mean value of wild mice differ dramatically from the inbred mice in the levels of blood glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), and total blood protein. The epidemiological information of the complex traits in the nature population from our study provided valuable reference for the application of mouse models in those complex disease studies.

Apramycin is unique in the aminoglycoside family due to its octodiose moiety. However, either the biosynthesis process or the precursors involved are largely unknown. Addition of glycine, as well as serine or threonine, to the Streptomyces tenebrabrius UD2 fermentation medium substantially increases the production of apramycin with little effect on the growth of mycelia, indicating that glycine and/or serine might be involved in the biosynthesis of apramycin. The ^sup 13^C-NMR analysis of [2-^sup 13^C] glycine-fed (25% enrichment) apramycin showed that glycine specifically and efficiently incorporated into the only N-CH^sub 3^ substituent of apramycin on the C7' of the octodiose moiety. We noticed that the in vivo concentration of S-adenosyl methionine increased in parallel with the addition of glycine, while the addition of methione in the fermentation medium significantly decreased the productivity of apramycin. Therefore, the methyl donor function of glycine is proposed to be involved in the methionine cycle but methionine itself was proposed to inhibit the methylation and methyl transfer processes as previously reported for the case of rapamycin. The ^sup 15^N NMR spectra of [2-^sup 13^C, ^sup 15^N]serine labeled apramycin indicated that serine may also act as a limiting precursor contributing to the-NH^sub 2^ substituents of apramycin.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]