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Correction: Canadian natural science graduate stipends lie below the poverty line
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313972.].
Journal Article
فن الأدب : مختارات من شوبنهاور
كتاب (فن الأدب) هو مجموعة مختارة من مقالات (آرثر شوبنهاور) يتكلم فيها عن الأدب ليس من وجهة نظر ناقد فني مخضرم، وإنما من وجهة نظر فيلسوف. فقد تركزت هذه المقالات على الجانب الفلسفي، ولم تكد تتناول جانب النقد الأدبي، وترتبط مقالات هذا الكتاب برباط وثيق من فلسفة الجمال عند شوبنهاور كما ترتبط بفكر الفلسفة بعامة وهو فكر يرتكز على التضاد بين الإدارة والتأمل، ويرتد إلى ثلاثة منابع أفلاطون وكانط والفلسفة البوذية، والكتاب يضم المحتويات في المقالات التالية : المقالة الأولى عن التأليف، والمقالة الثانية تتناول الأسلوب أما المقالة الثالثة تستعرض بعض أشكال الأدب، والمقالة الرابعة عن النقد، والمقالة الخامسة تتناول تفكير المرء لنفسه، والمقالة السادسة عن أهل العلم أما المقالة السابعة فهي عن الشهرة، والمقالة الثامنة والأخيرة عن العبقرية.
BOOK
Defending the community college equity agenda
Winner of the 2007 Outstanding Publication Award given by the American Educational Research Association Division J.
Community colleges enroll almost half of all undergraduates in the United States. These two-year colleges manifest the American commitment to accessible and affordable higher education. With about 1, 200 institutions nationwide, community colleges have made significant progress over the past decade in opening access and have become the critical entry point to higher education for many Americans who traditionally have been left out of educational and economic opportunity. Yet economic, political, and social developments have increased the challenges community colleges face in pursuing an \"equity agenda.\" Some of these include falling state budgets combined with growing enrollments, a greater emphasis on outcome-based accountability, competition from for-profit institutions, and growing immigrant student populations.
These trials come at a time when community colleges confront crucial economic and workforce development pressures that may impact their mission. How can community colleges continue to maintain their open-door policies, support underprepared students, and struggle to help enrolled students complete degrees and certificates that prepare them for success in the workplace?
Building on case studies of colleges in six states—New York, Texas, Florida, California, Washington, and Illinois—this volume offers a fresh examination of the issues currently facing American community colleges. Drawing on their fieldwork supplemented by national data, the authors analyze how these challenges impact the community college mission of educational opportunity—especially for low-income students, students of color, and other underserved groups—and how colleges are responding to a drastically different environment. They then propose a set of strategies to strengthen the role of community colleges in providing both access and opportunities for achievement for all students.
eBook
فن الأدب : مختارات شوبنهاور
كتاب \"فن الأدب\" هو مجموعة مختارة من مقالات \"آرثر شوبنهاور\" يتكلم فيها عن الأدب ليس من وجهة نظر ناقد فنى مخضرم وإنما من وجهة نظر فيلسوف وترتبط مقالات هذا الكتاب برباط وثيق مع فلسفة شوبنهاور فى علم الجمال كما ترتبط بفكر الفلسفى بصفة عامة وهو فكر يرتكز على التضاد بين الإدارة والتأمل ويرتد كما أقر شوبنهاور ذاته إلى ثلاثة منابع: أفلاطون وكانط والفلسفة البوذية مقالات هذا الكتاب تعرض العبقرية والتأليف ، وتتكلم عن التفكير والشهرة والأسلوب الأدبى والنقد كل هذا بأسلوب سلس غير معقد كما هو الحال فى جميع مؤلفات شوبنهاور الفلسفية إنها لغة مقالية سهلة ولا تحتوى على أى مصطلحات نقدية بل مجرد أفكار فلسفية تحدثك ببطء وببساطة.
BOOK
Intersectionality and Epistemic Erasure
In this article I caution that María Lugones’s critiques of Kimberlé Crenshaw’s intersectional theory posit a dangerous form of epistemic erasure, which underlies Lugones’s decolonial methodology. This essay serves as a critical engagement with Lugones’s essay “Radical Multiculturalism and Women of Color Feminisms” in order to uncover the decolonial lens within Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality. In her assertion that intersectionality is a “white bourgeois feminism colluding with the oppression of Women of Color,” Lugones precludes any possibility of intersectionality operating as a decolonial method. Although Lugones states that her “decolonial feminism” is for all women of color, it ultimately excludes Black women, particularly with her misconstruing of Crenshaw’s articulation of intersectionality that is rooted within the Black American feminist tradition. I explore Lugones’s claims by juxtaposing her rendering of intersectionality with Crenshaw’s and conclude that Lugones’s decolonial theory risks erasing Black women from her framework.
Journal Article
Tup1 is critical for transcriptional repression in Quiescence in S. cerevisiae
Upon glucose starvation, S . cerevisiae shows a dramatic alteration in transcription, resulting in wide-scale repression of most genes and activation of some others. This coincides with an arrest of cellular proliferation. A subset of such cells enters quiescence, a reversible non-dividing state. Here, we demonstrate that the conserved transcriptional corepressor Tup1 is critical for transcriptional repression after glucose depletion. We show that Tup1-Ssn6 binds new targets upon glucose depletion, where it remains as the cells enter the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, we show that Tup1 represses a variety of glucose metabolism and transport genes. We explored how Tup1 mediated repression is accomplished and demonstrated that Tup1 coordinates with the Rpd3L complex to deacetylate H3K23. We found that Tup1 coordinates with Isw2 to affect nucleosome positions at glucose transporter HXT family genes during G0. Finally, microscopy revealed that a quarter of cells with a Tup1 deletion contain multiple DAPI puncta. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the role of Tup1 in transcriptional reprogramming in response to environmental cues leading to the quiescent state.
Journal Article
Canadian natural science graduate stipends lie below the poverty line
Despite the critical role of graduate students in the Canadian research ecosystem, students report high levels of financial stress. As a case study, we collected graduate minimum stipends and tuition data from all university graduate programs in Canada in Ecological Sciences/Biology and Physics, along with cost of living measures for the cities in which they reside. These data are heterogeneous, complex, and in many cases simply not publicly available, making it challenging for potential graduate students to understand what support they should expect. We find Canadian minimum stipends are at values almost exclusively below the poverty threshold. Only two of 140 degree programs offered stipends which meet cost of living measures after subtracting tuition and fees. For graduate programs which offered a minimum guaranteed stipend, the average minimum domestic stipend is short ~Can $9,584 (international ~Can$ 16,953) of the poverty threshold after accounting for payment of tuition and fees. On average, approximately 33% of a minimum stipend is returned to the university in tuition and fees by a domestic Canadian student and 76% (59% median) by an international student, though there are important caveats with the international student comparison. While international comparison is difficult, the highest Canadian minimum stipend found is roughly equivalent or lower than the lowest stipend within the largest dataset of United States of America (US) Biology stipends, and lower than the United Kingdom (UK) stipend. University endowment correlates with minimum stipend amount but intra- and inter-institutional differences suggest it is not solely institutional wealth associated with graduate pay. We observe Canada is behind comparable countries in minimum funding levels for the next generation of scientists.
Journal Article
Spatial Epidemiologic Analysis and Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections, Missouri, USA, 2008–2019
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are caused by environmental exposure. We describe spatial distribution of NTM infections and associations with sociodemographic factors and flooding in Missouri, USA. Our retrospective analysis of mycobacterial cultures reported to the Missouri Department of Health and Social Services surveillance system during January 1, 2008-December 31, 2019, detected geographic clusters of infection. Multilevel Poisson regression quantified small-area geographic variations and identified characteristics associated with risk for infection. Median county-level NTM infection rate was 66.33 (interquartile range 51-91)/100,000 persons. Risk of clustering was significantly higher in rural areas (rate ratio 2.82, 95% CI 1.90-4.19) and in counties with >5 floodings per year versus no flooding (rate ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.26-1.52). Higher risk for NTM infection was associated with older age, rurality, and more flooding. Clinicians and public health professionals should be aware of increased risk for NTM infections, especially in similar environments.
Journal Article
The number of discharge medications predicts thirty-day hospital readmission: a cohort study
Background
Hospital readmission occurs often and is difficult to predict. Polypharmacy has been identified as a potential risk factor for hospital readmission. However, the overall impact of the number of discharge medications on hospital readmission is still undefined.
Methods
To determine whether the number of discharge medications is predictive of thirty-day readmission using a retrospective cohort study design performed at Barnes-Jewish Hospital from January 15, 2013 to May 9, 2013. The primary outcome assessed was thirty-day hospital readmission. We also assessed potential predictors of thirty-day readmission to include the number of discharge medications.
Results
The final cohort had 5507 patients of which 1147 (20.8 %) were readmitted within thirty days of their hospital discharge date. The number of discharge medications was significantly greater for patients having a thirty-day readmission compared to those without a thirty-day readmission (7.2 ± 4.1 medications [7.0 medications (4.0 medications, 10.0 medications)] versus 6.0 ± 3.9 medications [6.0 medications (3.0 medications, 9.0 medications)];
P
< 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between increasing numbers of discharge medications and the prevalence of thirty-day hospital readmission (
P
< 0.001). Multiple logistic regression identified more than six discharge medications to be independently associated with thirty-day readmission (OR, 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.17–1.36;
P
= 0.003). Other independent predictors of thirty-day readmission were: more than one emergency department visit in the previous six months, a minimum hemoglobin value less than or equal to 9 g/dL, presence of congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cirrhosis, and metastatic cancer. A risk score for thirty-day readmission derived from the logistic regression model had good predictive accuracy (AUROC = 0.661 [95 % CI, 0.643–0.679]).
Conclusions
The number of discharge medications is associated with the prevalence of thirty-day hospital readmission. A risk score, that includes the number of discharge medications, accurately predicts patients at risk for thirty-day readmission. Our findings suggest that relatively simple and accessible parameters can identify patients at high risk for hospital readmission potentially distinguishing such individuals for interventions to minimize readmissions.
Journal Article