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Ion channels play a key role in our body to regulate homeostasis and conduct electrical signals. With the help of advances in structural biology, as well as the discovery of numerous channel modulators derived from animal toxins, we are moving toward a better understanding of the function and mode of action of ion channels. Their ubiquitous tissue distribution and the physiological relevancies of their opening and closing suggest that cation channels are particularly attractive drug targets, and years of research has revealed a variety of natural toxins that bind to these channels and alter their function. In this review, we provide an introductory overview of the major cation ion channels: potassium channels, sodium channels and calcium channels, describe their venom-derived peptide modulators, and how these peptides provide great research and therapeutic value to both basic and translational medical research.

We report two structures of the human voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) Kv1.3 in immune cells alone (apo-Kv1.3) and bound to an immunomodulatory drug called dalazatide (dalazatide–Kv1.3). Both the apo-Kv1.3 and dalazatide–Kv1.3 structures are in an activated state based on their depolarized voltage sensor and open inner gate. In apo-Kv1.3, the aromatic residue in the signature sequence (Y447) adopts a position that diverges 11 Å from other K⁺ channels. The outer pore is significantly rearranged, causing widening of the selectivity filter and perturbation of ion binding within the filter. This conformation is stabilized by a network of intrasubunit hydrogen bonds. In dalazatide–Kv1.3, binding of dalazatide to the channel’s outer vestibule narrows the selectivity filter, Y447 occupies a position seen in other K⁺ channels, and this conformation is stabilized by a network of intersubunit hydrogen bonds. These remarkable rearrangements in the selectivity filter underlie Kv1.3’s transition into the drug-blocked state.

Detection of Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack in IoT is challenging as these attacks happen at multiple layers of IoT architecture. Machine learning (ML)-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are more efficient approaches in detecting such attacks by identifying anomalies than traditional ones. However, using a single ML algorithm in such IDS is not sufficiently able to detect DoS attacks as it may end up with over-fitting and under-fitting. In this paper, we propose an anomaly-based IDS (AIDS) using an ensemble learning technique to detect both single and cross-layer DoS attacks in IoT. The proposed model is designed by ensembling multiple ML models, which are K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Logistic Regression (LR). The novelty of the proposed AIDS is that it efficiently detects both single-layer and cross-layer DoS attacks in IoT. A comparative analysis shows a maximum detection accuracy of 96.5% for single-layer attacks and 94.98% for cross-layer attacks using a simulation environment.

Central venous port-a-catheters play a pivotal role in various medical procedures, yet they are associated with a spectrum of complications. Catheter fracture with cardiac migration is a rare complication, occurring in less than 1% of patients. Although not very common, it can cause severe issues, necessitating fragment removal. We present a case of spontaneous mediport fracture and migration in a patient with a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma and prior chemotherapy. He presented with nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia. Further evaluation revealed elevated total leukocyte count and labs consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis. He was diagnosed with new-onset diabetes mellitus. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of the fragmented catheter within the right ventricle. Although telemetry monitoring and electrocardiogram (EKG) did not detect arrhythmias, interventional radiology successfully removed the critical fragment from the right ventricle while leaving two smaller non-intravascular fragments in the neck. This case underscores the importance of early identification and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing port catheter fractures and migrations, even in the absence of typical symptoms.

Here, in the current case, the course of the foreign body was unpredictable on clinical examination but a careful ultrasound evaluation revealed the suspicious unusual course towards the medial orbital wall to gain access into either nasal cavity or into the cranium. Initial orbital plain radiograph followed by non-contrast CT is the preferred protocol for the screening and defining the course of the metallic foreign body in and around the orbit.1 2 Early clinical intervention for superficial foreign body with preliminary clinical and plain radiographic findings may be optimal but for deeper foreign body which is breaching the orbital boundaries to enter into the adjacent nasal and cranial cavity need combined detailed clinical and imaging findings for optimal visual and cosmetic outcomes. Skilful clinical evaluation followed by thorough imaging helps in identifying the actual path of foreign body to achieve optimal visual and cosmetic results.

Nearly a decade after joining adobe, Shantanu Sarayen, the company's India-educated President and coo, has been elevated to the top job at the desktop software publishing company. A graduate in electronics engineering from Osmania University, Hyderabad, Narayen, 44, has been at the centre of Adobe's expansion, most notably its $3.4-billion deal for Macromedia last year. Now, Narayen will have his hands full not just growing his business, but also keeping a guarded eye out for Microsoft, which has been slowly moving into this market. \"Around 98 per cent of computers (with an internet connection) run our Flash software and we're confident of maintaining our lead over the competition,\" Narayen had told bt. Happily for him, India has evolved into a key product development base for Adobe. With another Indian-American Naresh Gupta running Adobe's global R&D operations, it looks likes it is 'India shining' at Adobe.

Which cities will see the maximum hiring? There are no surprises here. Bangalore, Mumbai and Chennai retain their slots as favoured destinations for job creation, but Delhi and Kolkata have registered the highest increases, of 5 points each, on this count. In Delhi, more companies have announced their intention to hire this quarter--81 per cent compared to 76 per cent last quarter. Says S.Y. Siddiqui, ed (hr), Maruti Udyog, which is based in the city: \"(In Delhi/NCR) while Gurgaon and Greater Noida have encouraged industry, new areas like Manesar are also emerging as manufacturing cradles.\" Maruti is expanding its workforce, he says, adding: \"This year, we will hire 600 people across various functions and levels.\" Adds [Sampath Shetty]: \"The Indian outsourcing industry is spreading its wings into new services and verticals; this has proved beneficial for employment in Delhi/NCR.\" All the key sectors--IT, ITEs, retail, manufacturing, financial services and infrastructure--are in a major ramp-up mode. As a result, the demand for junior level employees has risen 2 points to 95. The demand for mid-management personnel, too, has risen marginally, showing an increase of one index point from 45 to 46, while senior level demand will remain unchanged at 11 points. Says Gautam Sinha, CEO, TVA Infotech, an executive search firm: \"In the IT industry, a strong business pipeline is fuelling demand for junior personnel. In addition, as offshoring goes mainstream, we are seeing aggressive hiring by previously gun-shy MNCs such as IBM and Accenture at entry and junior levels across the industry. Of the 20,000-30,000 people that Tier-I Indian vendors like TCS, Infosys and Wipro will hire, we expect a significant majority to join at junior levels.\" Explains Aniruddha Limaye, Chief People Officer, Corporate hr, WNS Global Services: \"Junior-level hiring is increasing across the board in our (ITEs) sector because the bulk of the work is done by our front-line associates who do the transactions, respond to e-mails, get on to web-chat and receive or make calls. So if the growth is happening, it's because of the volume of actual work that needs to be done for the client; this is work that gets done at the front-line level.\" There's good news and more good news for the cities covered. Chennai joins Mumbai as the top choice for a business hub. [Pune] is placed just ahead of Bangalore, which has regained India Inc.'s confidence with an increase of 4 per cent to 93 per cent compared to the last quarter. Chennai and Pune are spreading wings, thanks largely to the manufacturing and engineering sector. \"The manufacturing and engineering sector has seen a consistent employment growth over last quarter in the Chennai and Pune region,\" says TeamLease's Shetty. Kolkata, too, continues to be strong with 93 per cent respondents reposing their faith in the metro.